综合英语第二册Unit 6

1、Unit 9,The Diary of the Unknown Soldier,WAR,What is war? The so-called war. Must be accompanied by death and injuries on both sides Proposes the killing Endless hatred Incurable pain This is the War!,什么是战争？,草菅人命的杀戮,永无止境的憎恨,不可治愈的痛苦,战 争！,这就是,所谓战争就一定伴随着双方的死亡伤病和痛苦,1. CAUSE（原因）-崔吉祥,Religion factor (宗教因素)

2、 eg：The Crusades 十字军东征 Hegemonism(霸权主义) eg：The Korean war, the Iraq war, Afghanistan war, the Taiwan issue. 朝鲜战争、伊拉克战争、阿富汗战争、台湾问题 Terrorism (恐怖主义) eg：9.11 events in the United States 美国 9.11事件,8,各国实力对比,1、美 国的实力：想打谁就打谁。 2、英 国的实力：美国打谁我打谁。 3、法 国的实力：谁打我我打谁。 4、日 本的实力：谁打我我让美国打谁。 5、韩 国的实力：谁打我我和美国一块演习。 6、以色

3、列的实力：谁心里想打我我就打谁。 7、俄罗斯的实力：谁骂我我打谁。 8、朝 鲜的实力：谁打我我就打韩国。 9、中 国的实力：谁打我我骂谁。,当 然 这 只 是 玩 笑 ！,2.讨论（Discuss）,1.这话逻辑错的，应该是因为私心.利益争夺会引发战争。 2.每个人都有欲望，并且为了欲望他们不懈努力，在追逐欲望的同时很有可能会侵害到他人的利益，因此会发生不和谐。国家也是如此。 3.这是绝对的。动物之间为了首领的位置，为了交配的权利互相之间都要战斗争夺，可见这是生物的本性。人这样复杂怎么会例外？ 4.那是不现实的，要知道，人是有统治欲的，谁不想一统天下、号令四海、使所有人都听自己的？这时，就会有

4、人来和他竞争，证明自己才适合当王。人人都想当王，当然会以战争来证明自己的实力，当一个人成功制服其他人后，又会有人站起来组织反叛，这样一场战争接着一场战争，当然不会完。,出自一部电影无处藏身。,讨论：有人存在就有战争？,乱世中的奇葩,战争文学,血与泪的记忆,渴望和平，所以有战争文学,According to foreign scholars in more than 5000 years before the second world war, a total of 14513 times in the world war, 36.4 billion people were killed, th

5、e loss of wealth if converted into gold, can be paved with a 150 km wide, 10 meters thick, circled the earth a week of the gold belt. In the 37 years since the second world war, the world regional war broke out in 470, at least 10 million people died in the war. Worldwide day without war only 26 day

6、s, that will, on average, 520 days a day of peace day. 据外国学者统计，在二战前的5000多年里，世界上共发生了14513次战争，使364亿人丧生，损失的财富如折合成黄金，可以铺成一条宽150公里，厚10米，环绕地球一周的金腰带。在第二次世界大战后的37年里，世界上又接连爆发了470余起局部战争，至少有1000万人死于战火。世界范围内没有战争的日子只有26天，平均要过520天才有一天太平日子。,名人眼中的战争,战争只能带来伤害，到头法国仍是法国，德国仍是德国！ 阿道夫.希特勒 这次战争我们用核子，那么下次我们只能用棍子 ！ 爱因斯坦 战争在

7、你愿意时开始，却并不你乐时结束！马基雅弗利 没有正义的和平就是暴虐 英国 战争的目的必须是为了和平！ 亚里士多德 皇帝动刀枪，百姓遭了殃。,部分近代战争文学,在这里仅介绍两部作品,部分近代战争文学飘,1937年5月3日，美国女作家玛格丽特米切尔创作的描写美国南北战争的小说飘获诺贝尔文学奖。1939年这部小说被改编成电影乱世佳人，成为世界电影史上的经典之作。影片获得第十二届奥斯卡金像奖最佳影片、最佳导演、最佳女主角等八项大奖。影片获得一九七七年美国电影学会评选的“美国十大佳片”之一。影片成为美国百部经典名片之一。,飘六十载，带不走的 与梦,爱,飘六十载 带不走的爱与梦,小说讲述的故事背景是发生在

8、18611865年的美国南北战争。 美国南北战争是第一个工业化战争，这是蒸汽时代的第一次大战。是工业革命后的一切军事发展的总试验，揭开了战争史上一个全新的篇章。,飘以美国南北战争和战后重建为背景， 以女主人公思嘉丽的爱情纠葛和生活遭遇 为主线，着力刻画了姿色迷人、聪明能干的 大庄园主女儿思嘉丽这一争强好胜、贪婪冷酷、为达目的不择手段的不屈不挠进行奋争的女性形象，并生动形象地再现了美国南部种植园经济由兴盛到崩溃，奴隶主生活由骄奢淫逸到穷途末路，奴隶主阶级由疯狂挑起战争直至失败灭亡，奴隶制经济终为资本主义经济所取代这一美国南方奴隶社会的崩溃史。此书在描绘人物生活与爱情的同时，勾勒出南北双方在政治、

9、经济、文化各个层面的异同，具有浓厚的史诗风格，堪称美国历史转折时期的真实写照，同时也成为历久不衰的爱情经典。,近代战争文学战争与和平,作者列夫托尔斯泰（18281910)，19 世纪俄罗斯文学写实主义的代表作家，公认的最伟大的俄罗斯文学家。对文学拥有“狂恋式爱情”的托尔斯泰，是俄罗斯文学史上创作时间最长、作品数量最多、影响最深远、地位最崇高的作家，重情节、重典型、重写实、重批判的文学时代，在他笔下达到巅峰。长篇巨著战争与和平以其恢弘的构思和卓越的艺术描写震惊世界文坛，成为举世公认的世界文学名著和人类宝贵的精神财富。英国作家毛姆及诺贝尔文学奖得主罗曼罗兰称赞它是“有史以来最伟大的小说”，“是我们

10、时代最伟大的史诗，是近代的伊利亚特”。全书共四册， 长达130 多 万字，历经7 年艰辛创作，受到很高赞誉。,Disadvantages: (1) the war has brought the loss of human life, including their own and place, the soldiers and civilians； (2) differences between national war and hatred； (3) the destruction of ecological balance and environment pollution； (4) t

11、he destruction of human civilization. (5) the damage to the economy； (6) the post-war trauma, it is difficult to heal. (7) the gender imbalance； benefit : (8) drugs to stimulate the economy, etc.,3.后果（Consequence）,弊: （1）战争带来了人类生命的损失，包括己方和地方，军人和平民； （2）战争还引起国家间民族间的仇恨； （3）破坏生态平衡，环境污染； （4）破坏人类文明； （5）破坏经

12、济； （6）战后人们的心灵创伤，难以愈合； （7）性别失衡； 利： （8）刺激经济发展的兴奋剂等。,纽约联合国总部的花园中，矗立着一座名为“铸剑为犁”的青铜雕塑，是1959年由当时苏联赠送给联合国的。 这座青铜雕像是由叶夫根尼武切季奇（Yevgeny Vuchetich）为了纪念第一次世界和平大会的召开而创作的，雕塑中的男子一手拿着锤子，另一只手拿着他要改铸为犁的剑，象征着人类要求终结战争，把毁灭的武器变为创造的工具，以造福全人类。 雕塑名为“Let Us Beat Swords into Plowshares”铸剑为犁应有日（它的底座上铭刻着：“WE SHALL BEAT SWORDS IN

13、TO PLOWSHARES”）。,4.未来（Future ）,但是， 我们不应忘记,每天都有人在战火中丧生。,Dear ladies and gentlemen, let us live in peace and build a harmonious global village,亲爱的女士们，先生们，让我们和平相处，共建和谐地球村,相信会有那么一天,世界上不再分美国人，英国人，法国人，日本人，韩国人，以色列人，俄罗斯人，朝鲜人，中国人,有 的， 只是人无止的私欲 ,永远跟你走 宋祖英,Thanks,for,watching,!,Preview check,The author has bee

14、n in war for _ months. 5 b. 6 c. 7 2. Before he came to the battlefield, the author was quite sure that they would _. win b. retreat c. die 3. The author and his fellow soldiers were assigned to protect _. Paris b. New York c. London 4. The alliance formed by Germany, Italy and Japan is called the _

15、. Allies b. common wealth c. Axis 5. _ is a term used to refer to the date on which a military operation is to start. a. A-day b. D-day c. H-day,True or false questions,The author was the only person in his platoon who made an escape from the air raid. The author was doing a civilians job because th

16、ey didnt want to work for the army. According to the author, war was the best way to solve troubles and problems. The author would even sign with the devil if he could see his wife and daughters again. The last entry was written on Christmas Day. The author assumed that there was a spy in the troop.

17、,Pre-reading questions,What does the word “WAR” mean to you? Can you imagine what the soldiers at the battlefield would often think?,Style: diary,Diary is a form of recording of ones thoughts and thinking. Its always a stream of consciousness of the diarist. But there still lies a narrating order of

18、 the whole writing, piecing it together.,Structural analysis,Entry one: The horrible scene of the war The wish to be alive The longing for his family Entry two The reflections on war The staying at a small European town Again the reflections on war Entry three Nazi troops coming The realization of b

19、eing close to death Thinking of his family and the last question,dedicated,to give all your attention and effort to one particular thing The actress now dedicates herself to childrens charity work. to say at the beginning of a book or film, or before a piece of music, that it has been written, made,

20、 or performed for someone that you love or respect The book was dedicated to her husband. to use a place, time, money etc only for a particular purpose dedicate something to/for something The company dedicated $50,000 for the study.,The 1st entry,Nov 24th, 1943,broken stones or bricks from a buildin

21、g or wall that has been destroyed A massive earthquake reduced the city to rubble. Their new two-storey house had been reduced to rubble in the fire. Cf. debris / remains / wreckage,rubble,take sth light,not treat as a serious matter I might have taken it lighter. I might have felt less sad.,air,if

22、something or someone has an air of confidence, mystery etc, they seem confident, mysterious etc The affair had been conducted with an air of mystery which he disliked. She had an air of quiet confidence. Cf. airs a way of behaving that shows someone thinks they are more important than they really ar

23、e Trudy is always putting on airs. an actor with no airs and graces,one-way ticket,inevitable consequence a one-way ticket to death They were doomed to die. a one-way street a two-way ticket: a round-trip ticket,Decimal Day ? The unnamed day on which an operation or offensive is to be launched, espe

24、cially June 6, 1944, the day on which the Allied forces invaded France during World War II. Normandy Landing D-day for my departure was set for 29th June. H-hour / zero hour the specific hour on D-day when a military operation or an important event is planned to begin,D-day,regiment,military units s

25、quad / platoon / company / battalion / regiment / brigade / division / army corps Cf. regiment, regime, regimen,Questions,What did the author and his fellow soldiers expect before they came to war? innocent confidence came with an air of confidence and eagerness, ready to win Was the reality the sam

26、e as what they had expected? a sharp contrast piles of rubble / lifeless bodies,out of the blue,One evening, Angela phoned me out of the blue and said she was in some kind of trouble. if something happens out of the blue, it is very unexpected Was this money a bolt from the blue or did you know you

27、were going to get it? news that is sudden and unexpected Once in a blue moon Eric will offer to help with the dishes, but usually he doesnt do any housework at all. infml, very rarely,bombard,to attack a place for a long time using large weapons, bombs etc syn. attack / assail to do something too of

28、ten or too much, for example criticizing or questioning someone, or giving too much information Already, the water department has been bombarded with complaints about the drinking water. Today we are bombarded with advice on what to eat and what to avoid. n. bombardier, bombardment,the alliance of G

29、ermany and Italy in 1936, later including Japan and other nations, that opposed the Allies in World War II.,the Axis,scoop up / out,to pick something up or remove it using a scoop or a spoon, or your curved hand She bent down and scooped up the little dog. if a lot of people scoop something up, they

30、 buy it quickly so that soon there is none left Fans scooped up the trading cards in the first few hours of the sale. the inside scoop on the markets special information that other people do not have a journalist looking for a scoop an important or exciting news story that is printed in one newspape

31、r or shown on one television station before any of the others know about it,the period of time after something such as a war, storm, or accident when people are still dealing with the results Impressions formed by investigators at the scene of a crime and in its immediate aftermath can not be repeat

32、ed later. the danger of disease in the aftermath of the earthquake word formation after + math. more examples aftereffect, afterglow, afterimage, afterlife, aftertaste, aftershock, afterthought,aftermath,a sea of blood,figure of speech metaphor More examples: a torrent of anger a mountain of books a

33、 snake of the woman,I hope the garden that they planted is growing.,What was growing, the garden? More examples: The whole church is singing a song. The grey hair should be respected. The White House has to make some compromise with the Congress on the budget. metonymy,entry,Harry made his entry int

34、o the village. This enabled European banks to gain entry into new markets. The refugees were repeatedly refused entry into the country. a “No Entry” sign The first diary entries were no doubt recorded on an impulse, in odd hours in his room in the shop house. dictionary entries,Questions,What brough

35、t the authors thought to his family? The narrow escape from the air raid made him aware of the real possibility that he would be killed at any moment.,The 2nd entry,Nov 29th, 1943,Questions,How did the author think of the validity of war? Do you agree that Hitler was not a sensible person?,food supp

36、ly in WWII,K-rations an emergency military ration for use under combat condition, consisting three separate package meals C-rations canned ration (food and water) used in the field,Word has it that .,It is said that . Rumor has it that Kim is not his child. Legend has it that a real giant terrorized

37、 the locals.,making you feel worried or unhappy syns. harsh Rescue workers are continuing the grim task of searching for bodies. grim prospect / news / picture / reality grimace n.,grim,odds,how likely it is that something will or will not happen Im afraid that the odds are heavily against her winni

38、ng. The odds are in favor of . One needle may serve a dozen or more customers. The odds are that at least one of them carries the virus. difficulties which make a good result seem very unlikely The hospitals director has been battling against the odds to improve patient care. to disagree Marks accou

39、nt of what happened is at odds with Dans.,shed,p.p. shed / shedding shed blood / tears bloodshed n. Hoppe hopes his experiment will shed light on a biological mystery. to make something easier to understand, by providing new or better information to get rid of something that you no longer need or wa

40、nt The company is planning to shed about a quarter of its workforce. The magazine is desperately trying to shed its old-fashioned image.,a state of confusion, excitement, or anxiety syn. pandemonium / commotion / disorder / turbulence political / emotional / economic / religious turmoil Youre obviou

41、sly still in / amid turmoil from the break up of your marriage and you need help and advice.,turmoil,While that might not provide much to help them cope with their loss, it will make the children feel like their fathers made a difference.,make a / no / a world of / great difference Paraphrase the se

42、ntence. Although my stories about their fathers death could not relieve their sadness, they will enable the children to see the extraordinary significance of their fathers contribution by laying down their lives.,warfare,Cf. war / warfare chemical / nuclear / germ / trench / jungle / mountain / guer

43、rilla _ For many years his family thought he was dead, and his name was only recently removed from the village _ memorial. the activity of fighting in a war - used especially when talking about particular methods of fighting,take precautions,something you do in order to prevent something dangerous o

44、r unpleasant from happening Vets took precautions to prevent the spread of the disease. Take precautions _ bicycle theft by always using a U-lock. Most employers also take the precaution _ stating that the illustrations given are not exhaustive. against, of,I would give my right arm / a lot to do st

45、h / for sth. Id give my right arm for a figure like that. I would give anything to be like you.,I would give anything to do,A saying I once heard strikes a painful note in my head, “Even one war is too many.”,strike a note to express a particular feeling or attitude strike a happy / cheerful / cauti

46、ous / wrong / romantic / prophetic note The article struck a conciliatory(抚慰的) note. Moderate Republicanism appeared to strike exactly the right note with the voters. Paraphrase the sentence. I suddenly recalled a saying I once heard that made me very painful, “we cant afford even one war.”,to make

47、a mistake err on the side of something to be more careful or safe than is necessary, in order to make sure that nothing bad happens But travel agents are urging their clients to err on the side of caution. We should err on the side of restraint, rather than of excess.,err,strew,strewed / strewn to s

48、catter things around a large area The street was strewn with broken glass. 鲜花铺满了迎宾的的道路。 Flowers strewed the road to welcome the visitors. written, containing a lot of something 尽管前景乐观，但通往祖国统一的道路上仍然荆棘（thorn）丛生。 Though the future is bright, the path to our countrys reunification is strewn with thorns.

49、,tattered,old and torn The shirt was now tattered beyond recognition. Her clothes were in tatters, but she held two bottles of expensive whiskey under her arms.,Questions,How did the author predict his future? As a man of war, one should be at least brave. Do you think the author should be accused o

50、f his timid thinking? What was the authors attitude towards war? his rage for “selfish and ignorant” killing and destruction,The 3rd entry,Dec 24th, 1943,fiery- n. fire,Syn.: burning, flaming; passionate a fiery sunset / explosion a fiery temper / speech fiery eyes 炯炯有神的眼睛,engulf,to surround and swa

51、llow up The building was engulfed in flames. 汹涌的大海吞没了那艘帆船。 The stormy sea engulfed the small sailboat. word formation: en + gulf (n.) = v. more examples: encage / enchain / encode / encounter,aglow,having a soft light, or a strong, warm colour Lindas face was aglow _ happiness. The morning sun _ the

52、 sky aglow. with, set,doom,(usu. passive) cause to suffer sth. unavoidable, such as death or destruction Those who do not learn from history are doomed to repeat it. Taiwans bid to join the UN violates the principle of the UN Charter, and thus is doomed to fail. We saw the doomed aircraft just befor

53、e it crashed. go to/meet ones doom 走向毁灭/遭遇劫数,dub,give sb./sth. a name Mrs. Thatcher was dubbed The Iron Lady. change the original spoken language of a film into another language Its a Swedish film dubbed into English.,Narrating sequence,Pay attention of the shift of focus in this entry. Nazi troops

54、invasion vision of Christmas feeling being close to death vision of his daughters at home Nazi soldiers footsteps last wish to get home montage - a rapid succession of different images or shots a contrast between the approaching death on the battlefield and envisioned peace at home,Questions,Why is

55、this entry very short as it only contains one paragraph? possibly written before the author was killed The entry ends abruptly with the question “Why”? The author may not have enough time to finish it. Can you finish this question? Why do human beings start this mad war? Why should I join the war? W

56、hy must I be killed before I returned to my home? Do you think the man lost his life in vain? How do you think of the significance of this war?,Homework,Text comprehension I. II. IV. Vocabulary exercises Grammar I. IV. Translation Cloze,Text II Life Goes On,Joana Cruddas,Preview check,The towers of

57、St. Martins Cathedral and the Cloth hall are located in the country of _. Peter Cruddas is my _, killed at the age of _. The Germen word “Fuhrer” which means “leader” in the text refers to _ _. The official residence in London of the British sovereign is _ _. The British Prime Minister Tony Blair is

58、 living now at No. _ _ _.,key,Belgium uncle, 20 Adolf Hitler Buckingham Palace 10 Downing Street,Questions,What does it mean by saying “life goes on”? Whats the relationship, if any, between the 1st text and this one? Can you find words or scenes showing the cruelties of war in this text? Is the tex

59、t written in spatial order or chronological order? What does the final paragraph denote? Is it inconsistent with the other parts of the text?,remembrance,U when you remember and show respect for someone who has died or a past event A church service was held in remembrance of the victims. C usually plural a memory of something that happened in the past fond /sweet / pers