中考定语从句

1、一、什么是定语从句？定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。关系代词有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。关系副词有：when, where, why等。初中阶段我们仅仅要求学生能够认识，并且正确翻译由关系代词that, which, who等引导的定语从句。请观察下面的句子：This is the mountain village which I visited last year.在这句话中，mountain villa

2、ge为先行词，which为关系代词，关系代词其实就是先行词的化身，它在从句中充当主语或者宾语。所以以上的句子可以被翻译成：这是我去年访问过的山村。这句话的主干是“This is the mountain village.”这是那个小山村。从句部分是 “which I visited last year”，看上去这句话是缺少宾语的，实际上关系代词which就是宾语，它既是从句的引导词，又是宾语。请看下面的句子：He is the person who helped me with my homework last week. 翻译成：他是上周帮助我做功课的那个人。主句部分是“He is the

3、person”从句部分是“who helped me with my homework last week”看上去，这个从句是缺少主语的，实际上，从句的主语就是who，他跟在先行词后面，代表先行词，在从句中充当主语。二、关系代词：that, which, &who.1. 首先：在定语从句中所有的关系代词和关系副词都是先行词的化身，在翻译的时候，不参照他们本身疑问副词，疑问代词的意思，如：I am looking for the photos which you took in Australia.我正在找你在澳大利亚拍的照片。这里的which代表照片，并不翻译成“哪一个”，再如He is th

4、e photographer who won the photo competition last time.他就是那个赢得上次摄影比赛冠军的摄影师。这里的who代表photographer，也不翻译成“谁”2. 其次：（1）who前面的先行词一定是人物：I got some great shots of the boy who plays the guitar on the left.我给左边弹吉他的男孩照了一些不错的相片。这里的先行词是the boy，是人，所以关系代词用who，当然用that也可以（2）which 前面的先行词一定是事物：It is a band which gets e

5、veryone dancing.这是一支能让每个人都舞动起来的乐队。这句话的先行词是a band，不是人，是乐队，所以用which,也可以用that.（3）that前面的先行词既可以是人，也可以是物.注意：这并不代表that是万能的关系代词，到高中的时候我们就会学到，在某些定语从句，尤其是非限定性定语从句中，我们是不能使用that的，但是我们在初中阶段并不要求。3. 定语从句关系代词的省略：与许多其它从句一样，定语从句的引导词 关系代词也是可以省略的，但是省略是需要条件的，就是当关系代词在从句中充当宾语的时候，关系代词可以省略。重点有两个：第一就是从句中，所以我们要分清什么是主句，什么是从句，

6、如：Ill never forget the days which I spent in the countryside.我永远都忘不了我在乡下的日子。在这句话里，I will never forget the days.是主句，which I spent in the countryside是从句，再看：Please show me the book which you bought yesterday.请给我看一眼你昨天买的书。在这句话里面，Please show me the book是主句，which you bought yesterday是从句。第二个重点就是充当宾语：He is

7、the person who talked to me last time. 他是上次和我说话的那个人。在这句话中，关系代词who作为the person的化身，在从句中充当主语。He is the person who I met last time. 他是我上次遇见的那个人。在这句话中，关系代词who作为the person的化身在从句中充当宾语，这个who可以省略。判断关系代词充当主语还是宾语可以看它后面是否紧跟谓语动词，如果紧跟谓语动词（如第一句），则关系代词为主语，不能省略；若反之，其后没有紧跟谓语动词，而是名词（从句的主语），则关系代词在从句中作宾语，可以省略关系代词。三、定语从句

8、与宾语从句的区别：顾名思义，定语从句是从句充当定语的复合句，宾语从句是从句充当宾语的复合句，二者迥然不同，但是在使用中，同学们总是容易混淆这两个句型。请从以下几点区分：（1）通过从句的位置：定语从句的位置在名词代词的后面（先行词一般是由名词或者代词充当的）。宾语从句的位置一般在动词或者介词短语之后，因为宾语一般都在动词或者介词短语之后。请判断下面句子是定语从句还是宾语从句：I dont know what you are talking about.He is angry with what you said.The tall boy who you met just now is my br

9、other.经过判断，前两句是宾语从句，第三句是定语从句。（2）通过引导词：定语从句的关系代词只有that, who, which, whom,关系副词也只有when, where, why，所以如果有的句子是whether, if, how, what等词引导的，肯定不是定语从句。（3）通过从句的成分：都是that引导的从句，宾语从句和定语从句也有的区别，我们可以通过that在从句中充当的句子成分判断，如：I know that you are right. 我知道你是对的。这是一个宾语从句，that 引导的宾语从句，that只是连接词，不充当任何成分，所以that后面的句子you are

10、right是一个主语谓语完全的句子。He is the person that I am looking for.这是一个定语从句，that在从句中充当look for的宾语，所以看上去look for是没有宾语的。四、练习题：1. This is the bag _ my mother bought yesterday.A. that B. who C. whom D. this2. The man _ lives next to us is my English teacher.A. whom B. which C. who D. /3. The girl _ you saw in the

11、 street is Mary.A. that B. whose C. which D. as4. Is this the factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the one B. which C. who D. whom5. Is this factory _ a lot of students visited yesterday?A. the one B. that C. which D. /6. The only language _ is easy to learn is the mother tongue.A. which

12、 B. that C. / D. it7. The girl handed everything _ she had picked up in the street to the police.A. which B. in which C. that D. all8. _ cleans the blackboard should be praised.A. That B. Who C. The one who D. The students who9. Please show me the book _ you bought yesterday.A. which B. whom C. whos

13、eD. this10. This is the best book _ I have been looking for all this year.A. who B. whom C. which D. /Keys: 15 AC A B A 610 B C C A D 定语从句专练1. Carol said the work would be done by October, _personally I doubt very much.A. it B. that C. when D. which2. _ is mentioned above, the number of the students

14、 in senior high school is increasing. A. Which B. As C. That D. It3. The fence in our garden, _ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. A. that B. which C. what D. where4. Theres still much _ can be improved about it.A. which B. that C. if D. what5. When lost in work, _ he often

15、was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. A. what B so C. just like D. as6. Mr Johnsons son, _ lives in Chicago, is a doctor.A. who B. whom C. that D. which7. We had to delay the party till next week, _ we should have something important to do. A. when B. which C. at which D. in that8. We

16、traveled together as far as Chicago, _ we said goodbye to each other.A. which B. when C. why D. where9. Ill never forget the years _ I lived in the country with the farmers _ has a great effect on my life.A. that; which B. when; which C. which; that D. when; who10. He arrived in New York in 1896, _,

17、 some time later, he became a writer.A. when B. where C. that D. which11. She may have missed her train, in _ case she wont arrive for another hour.A. what B. that C. which D. this12. He has made a wonderful discovery, _ of great importance to science.A. which I think is B. which do I think isC. I t

18、hink which is D. which I think it is13. Ill remember the time _ we spent together in the country.A. that B. when C. during which D. at which14. I dont believe the reason _ he has given for his being late.A. why B. that C. how D. what15. There were two small rooms in the house, _ served as a kitchen.

19、A. the smaller of which B. the small of whichC. the smaller of them D. the smaller one16. He lived in London for 3 years, during _ time he learned some English.A. this B. which C. that D. same17. Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _ stands near the post office. A. x B. in whic

20、h C. that D. where18. Alice has a large collection of photos, _ was taken in London.A. none of them B. no one of which C. all of which D. none of which19. His sister had become a teacher, _ was what he wanted to be.A. who B. what C. that D. which20. Next winter _ youll spend in Harbin, Im sure, will

21、 be another exciting holiday.A. which B. when C. in which D. where21. With the fast development of agriculture, the people _ village I taught before have lived a happy life. A. who B. whose C. in whose D. in which22. The boss, _ restaurant I am serving, is a kindhearted man.A. in which B. in whose C

22、. where D. which23. I fell most angry about the way _ Ive been treated.A. when B. that C. where D. how24. He was rude to the Customs officer, _ of course made things even worse.A. who B. whom C. what D. which25. There is a mountain _ the top is always covered with snow.A. whose B. of which C. its D.

23、 that26. He has had the same life _ his father lived.A. where B. as C. that D. when27. Dorothy was always speaking highly of her role in the play, _, of course, made the others unhappy. A. who B. which C. this D. what28. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese Vase, _ was very reasonable.A. which price

24、 B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose29. The Chicago Bulls was made up of the best basketball players in the States, and _ were black Americans.A. most of them B. most of whom C. most of that D. most of which30. “ _ break the law should be punished,” the judge shouted.A. Someone

25、B. Anyone C. Whoever D. Those who31. Is there a gas station around _ I can get some petrol.A. which B. what C. where D. that32. Is there anything else_ you require ?A. which B. that C. who D. what33. The last place _ we visited was the Great Wall .A. which B. that C. where D. it34. He talked happily

26、 about the men and books _ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. who D. when35. The railway tunnel, through _ the train goes will be completed soon.A. which B. that C. it D. whom36. There is no dictionary _you can find everything.A. that B. which C. where D. in that37. Next month

27、, _ youll spend in your hometown, is coming.A. which B. that C. when D. where38. Next month, _ youll be in your hometown, is coming.A. which B. that C. when D. where39. He wanted to know the time _ he needed to know.A that B. when C. where D. what40. There isnt so much noise in the country _ in big

28、cities.A. that B. which C. where D. as41. They could only read such stories _ had been rewritten in simple English.A. that B. which C. as D what42. Crusoes dog became ill and died, _ made him very lonely.A. as B. which C. that D. this43. _ we know now, bats comes out only at night.A. As B. Which C.

29、That D. What44. John got beaten in the game, _ had been expected.A. as B. that C. what D. who45._ has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules.A. Which B. What C. That D. As46.I have bought two ballpens, _writes well.A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them47. T

30、here are two thousand students in our school, _ are girls.A. of whom two-thirds B. two-third of themC. two-third in them D. two-thirds in which48. Do you know the man _?A. whom I spoke B. to who I spoke C. I spoke to D. that I spoke49. This is one of the best films _ this year.A. have been shown B.

31、that have shownC. that have been shown D. which has been shown50. Is _ some German friends visited last week ?A. this school B. this the school C. this school one D. this school where51.Ill tell you _ he told me last month.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all52. I still remember the day _ she

32、 first wore that pink dress.A. which B. in which C. on that D. on which53. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burn ?A. that B x C. which D. it54.Ive read all the books _ were borrowed from the library.A. that B. x C. which D. they55. You can take any seat _ is free .A. which B. where C. that D. in

33、which56. A child _ parents are dead is called an orphan.A. who B. whos C. whose D. which57. Please pass me the dictionary _ cover is black.A. which B. which of C. its D. whose58. Is this museum _ some German friends visited last Wednesday ?A. that B. where C. in which D. the one59. He has two sons,

34、_ work as chemists.A. two of whom B. both of whom C. both of which D. all of whom60. I , _ your good friend, will try my best to help you out.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. what is61. The radio I bought yesterday is quite different from _ you bought last month.A. that B. which C. the one D. the o

35、ne what62. China has hundreds of islands, _ the largest is Taiwan.A. in which B. at which C. of which D. which63. This is the most important chapter _ we should pay attention.A. to whom B. in which C. at which D. to which64. Last summer we visited the West Lake _ Hangzhou is famous in the world.A. i

36、n which B. for that C. in that D. for which65. Gone are the days _ Shanghai was a paradise for imperialist adventures.A. that B. which C. when D. during66. The children climbed the hill, _ they picnicked.A. on its top B. on the top of it C. on whose top D. on the top of that67. At the school gate st

37、ands a blackboard, _ reads “Welcome back”.A. which B. that C. on which D. where68. _, the compass was first in China.A. It is known to all B. It is known that C. We all know D. As is known to all69. Jack is the only one of my friends who _ helping me paint my house.A. is B are C. was D. were70. They

38、 turned out 600 washing machines, _ are good quality.A. most of them B. most of which C. most of that D. most of where71. We grow all our fruit and vegetables, _ saves money, of course.A. which B. as C. that D. what72. The people there slept on _they called “ kang”, _was very strange to Jenny.A. wha

39、t; which B. where; as C. which; it D. that; whichKeys: 1-5.DBBBD 6-10. AADBB 11-15. CAABA 16-20. BCDDA21-25. CBBDB 26-30.BBBAD 31-35.CBBBA 36-40.CACAD41-45.CBAAD 46-50.BACCB 51-55.DDAAC 56-60.CDDBB61-65.CCDDC 66-70.CADAB 71-72. A A 定语从句考点强化专项练习 定语从句考点强化专项练习1. I, _ your good friend, will try my best

40、to help you out.A. who is B. who am C. that is D. which am2. The old man has two sons, _ are lawyers.A. both of them B. both of whoC. both of whom D. both of they3. He is a man of great knowledge, _ much can be learned.A .in whom B. about whom C. from whom D. of whom4. I can tell you _ he told me la

41、st week.A. all which B. all what C. that all D. all that5. Is oxygen the only gas _ helps fire burnA. that B. / C. which D. what6. Air, _we breathe every day, is around us all the time.A. that B. / C. which D. it7. This is the museum _we saw an exhibition the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. i

42、n that8. This museum is _ you visited the other day.A. that B. which C. where D. the one9. This is the museum _ you saw the other day.A. that B. where C. in which D. in that10. It is the third time _ late this month.A. that you arrived B. when you arrivedC. that youve arrived D. when youve arrived11

43、. It was in 1969 _ the American astronaut succeeded in landing on the moon.A. that B. which C. in which D. when12. We often think of the days _we spent together on the island.A. when B. which C. in which D. during which13. Have you ever been to Shanghai, _ I left ten years agoA. where B. which C. th

44、at D. when14. He has left Beijing, _ a meeting is to be held.A. when B. where C. as D. which15. This is the very place _ Im wishing to live in.A. where B. which C. that D. in which16. I have bought the same dress _ she is wearing.A. as B. that C. which D than17. Can you solve such problems _ raised

45、by the audienceA. what were B. as were C. that were D. which were18. The reason _ he didnt come was _ he was injured.A. that, because B. why, thatC. why, because D. that, that19. He must be from Africa, _can be seen from his skin.A. that B. as C. it D. what20. His father died last year, _made it imp

46、ossible for him to go abroad.A. when B. which C. as D. that21. _is natural, he married Mary.A. It B. What C. Which D. As22. The buses, _were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of them B. most of whichC. which most D. that most23. All _ is needed is a supply of oil.A. the thing B

47、. that C. what D. which24. He paid the boy 10 dollars for washing ten windows, most of _had not been cleaned for years.A. these B. those C. that D. which25. In the dark street, there wasnt a single person _ she could turn for help.A. that B. who C. from whom D. to whom26. This is one of the means _

48、the electric energy is conducted from one place to another.A. by which B. by thatC. through which D. through that27. The place _ you are going to visit is the ruin of a place.A. in which B. at which C. where D. which28. The factory _I am going to is the place _my mother used to work many years ago.A

49、. where, where B. where, whichC. which, where D. that, which29. Dont do such things _ you are not sure about.A. that B. which C. as D. what30. Robert is good at language, _ we all know.A. because B. for C. as D. sinceKey:1-5 BCCDA 6-10 CCDAC 11-15ABBBC16-20ABBBB 21-25 DBBDD 26-30ADCCC定语从句高考真题回顾1. Th

50、e journey around the world took the old sailor nine months, _ the sailing time was 226 days.(全国3 2004 28)A. of which B. during which C. from which D. for which2. George Orwell, _ was Eric Arthur, wrote many political novels and essays. (北京,2004 26)A. the real name B. what his real nameC. his real na

51、me D. whose real name3. _ is reported in the newspapers, talks between the two countries are making progress. (北京2004 34)A. It B. As C. That D. What4. There was _ time _ I hated to go to school .(湖北2004 23)A. a; that B. a; when C. the; that D. the ; when5. There are two buildings, _ stands nearly a

52、hundred feet high. (湖北2004 25)A. the larger B. the larger of themC. the larger one that D. the larger of which6. What surprised me was not what he said but _ he said it. (湖南2004 29)A. the way B. in the way thatC. in the way D. the way which7. Playing tricks on others is _ we should never do. (湖南2004

53、 21)A. anything B. somethingC. everything D. nothing8. I work in a business _ almost everyone is waiting for a great chance. (湖南2004 23)A. how B. which C. where D. that9. _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (江苏2004 33)A. Which B. When C. What D. As10. The factory produces ha

54、lf a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are sold abroad .(全国 2004 35)A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that11. The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success.(全国2004 23)A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which12. There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands.A. where B. which C. when D. that13. American women usually identify their best friend as someone _ they can talk frequently.A. who B. as C. about which D. with whom14. -Is that the small town you often refer to-Right, just the one _ you know I used to work fo