2012版中考复习英语精品课件(含11真题)语法专题10 句子类型ppt课件.ppt

1、专题10 句子类型,考点知识精讲,考点训练,1,知识网络 按结构分，句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。 考点一 简单句 只有一套主、谓语的句子叫简单句。 He is tall and likes playing football. 他很高并且喜欢踢足球。,考点二 并列句 1由两个或两个以上并列而又相互独立的简单句构成。两个简单句常由并列连词连在一起。结构是： 简单句并列连词简单句 Mr Green was very poor, but he was very happy. 格林先生很穷，但是他非常幸福。 2连接并列句的连词有四类：and 等构成联合并列句；but 等构成转折并列句；or等构成选

2、择并列句；so等构成因果并列句。 Be quick, or youll miss the early bus. 快点，否则你会错过早班车。,考点三 复合句 复合句由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成。主句是句子的主体，从句是句子的一个成分，不能独立使用。从句都是陈述语序。 Can you tell me who he is? 你能告诉我他是谁吗？ 从句通常由关联词引导。从句可分为三类：名词性从句(有宾语从句、表语从句、主语从句和同位语从句)；形容词性从句(也叫定语从句)；副词性从句(也叫状语从句)。 I asked her in English what she was, and she to

3、ld me that she was an English teacher. 我用英语问她是干什么的，她告诉我她是一位英语老师。,此句是一个复合句，what she was 和that she was.是两个宾语从句；and she told me.是并列句。 1宾语从句 (1)宾语从句在句子中作动词或介词的宾语；在Im afraid等句型中，从句也可用于形容词之后。 Im afraid (that)I have made a mistake. 恐怕我犯了一个错误。 (2)引导宾语从句的关联词有三类：that不作成分，没有词义，常可省略；whether或if“是否”，不作成分，但有词义，不能省

4、略；what“什么”或“的事情”、which“哪个(些)”、who,“谁”、whom“谁”(宾格)、whose“谁的”、when“何时”、where“何地”、how“怎样”、why“为什么”等。 (3)当间接引用或转述别人的话时，往往要用宾语从句的形式。若主句谓语动词为过去时，则从句动词一般要呼应成过去时态的相应形式。但若引述的是真理等，从句仍保持原来的时态形式。 注：从句时态的呼应规律：,(4)在变为间接引语时，原句为陈述句，则变为that引导的宾语从句；原句为一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句，则变为whether(if)引导的宾语从句；原句为特殊疑问句，则变为同一个wh词引导的宾语从句。

5、 Wed like to know whether the sports meeting comes or not. 我们想知道运动会是否要来到了。 注：若原来的直接引语是个祈使句，间接引语中则变为不定式形式to do sth.作宾语补足语；若为否定祈使句，则变为不定式的否定式not to do sth.。变化后的句子仍为简单句。 Jim asked Ling Feng to look after Polly. 吉姆请求凌峰照顾波力。,(5)宾语从句应注意三点：引导词、语序和时态。 2状语从句 状语从句在句中作状语，修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词或全句。状语从句由连词(或连词词组)引导，其位置

6、可以在句首，也可以在句尾。状语从句可以分为时间、原因、条件、让步、目的、结果、比较或方式等状语从句。 (1)时间状语从句 时间状语从句：常由when(当时候)、as(时)、while(当时候)、before(之前)、after(之后)、as soon as(一就)、since(自从)、until(till)(一直到)等引导。,在时间状语从句中，要特别注意用一般现在时去代替一般将来时。 Meimei has received several letters from her hometown since she came to the city. 自从来到这座城市，梅梅收到了一些来自家乡的信。

7、“肯定形式的延续性动词until从句”表“一直到”；“否定形式的动词until”表“直到才”。 He didnt go to sleep until his mother came back. 直到他妈妈回来他才睡觉。 (2)条件状语从句,条件状语从句常由if，unless (除非)引导，从句中该用一般将来时的时候，要用一般现在时来代替。 I think he will come if it doesnt rain. 我想不下雨的话他会来。 (3)原因状语从句 原因状语从句常由because(因为所以)，since(既然)，as(由于)等引导。注意“因为所以”不可说“because.so.”，

8、两个连词只可留其一。 As he did not know the answer, he did not put up his hand. 由于不知道答案，他没有举手。,(4)让步状语从句 让步状语从句常由though，although，even if，no matter 疑问句，even though等引导。表“虽然但是”时，不可说(although)though.but.”，两个连词只能留其一。 Australia is very large, but its population is quite small. 澳大利亚很大，但是它的人口很少。 (5)结果状语从句 结果状语从句常由so.

9、that.，such.that.等引出，表“如此以至于”，so 后常加形容词或副词，such后常加名词。 Sorry, you speak so quickly that I cant follow you.,对不起，你说得太快以至于我听不懂。 (6)比较状语从句 比较状语从句常由as.as或not so.as引出表示同级比较的句子，由than引出表示比较级比较的句子。 The Changjiang River is longer than any other river in China. 长江比中国的其他任何一条河流都要长。 3定语从句 在复合句中用作定语的从句称为定语从句。定语从句通常位

10、于所修饰的名词或代词之后，常由关系代词或关系副词引出，被修饰的,词称为先行词。常见的关系代词有：who，whom，which，that，whose，关系副词有when，why，where。 (1)先行词为指人的名词或代词时，定语从句用who或that 来引导。如： Do you know the girl who is in a red dress? 你认识那个穿红衣服的女孩吗？ (2)先行词为指物的名词或代词时，用which或that，which或that在从句中作主语或宾语。如： She works in a shoe factory which/that is far from here

11、. 她在离这儿很远的一家鞋厂工作。,(3)只能用关系代词that引导的定语从句的几种情况： 当先行词是anything, nothing, everything 等不定代词时。如： Im sorry to tell you that there is nothing that I can do for you. 很抱歉告诉你，我帮不上忙。 当先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰时。如： This is the best way that can solve the problem. 这是解决问题的最好办法。,当先行词被 first，last, only，very，no，just，any，little等

12、词修饰时。如： She asked for the last book that was on the subject. 她要了有关这个科目的最后一本书。 若先行词中既有人又有物时。如： He watched the children and boxes that filled the car. 他看着塞满汽车的孩子和盒子。 (4)who引导的定语从句 当who 为疑问代词时，引导特殊疑问句；当who为关系代词时，引导定语从句，其用法如下：,who引导的定语从句的先行词为表示人的名词或代词。如： The boy who is standing under the tree is Peter.

13、那个站在树底下的男孩是彼得。 who在定语从句中作主语时不能省略；但在非正式英语中，who也可作宾语，且可以省略。如： The person who was here yesterday is a teacher. 昨天来这儿的那个人是个老师。 在定语从句中，who 在人称、数上和其前面的先行词保持一致。如： Do you know the boy who is standing over there?,你认识在那边站着的那个男孩吗？ (5)当先行词为地点名词(如village，town，home，place等)时，用关系副词 where来引导，where在从句中作地点状语。如： This i

14、s the place where we came last summer. 这就是我们去年夏天来的地方。 (6)当先行词为表示时间的名词(如day，year，season等)时，用关系副词when来引导，when在从句中作时间状语。如： Ill never forget the day when I joined the League. 我将永远忘不了我入团的那一天。,简单句、并列句、复合句 (训练时间：50分钟 分值：48分),1(2011温州)Jack，could you tell me_？ Sure.In the post office on Green Road. Awhere yo

15、u bought the stamps Bwhere did you buy the stamps Cwhen you bought the stamps Dwhen did you buy the stamps 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的用法。首先，宾语从句要使用陈述语序，而B、D两项使用了疑问语序，故排除。又根据答语“In the post office on Green Road.”可知上句是询问地点，故选A。 【答案】A,2(2011扬州)I cant find Mary.Wheres she? Sorry，I dont know _. Awhere has she been Bwhe

16、re she has been Cwhere has she gone Dwhere she has gone 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要使用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项；由语境知答语为“对不起，我不知道她到哪儿去了”，需用have/has gone to结构。故选D。 【答案】D,3(2011陕西)I was told to meet Mr.Green at the airport.But I dont know_he will arrive. Awhere Bwhy Chow Dwhen 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“我被告知在飞机场接格林先生，但是我不知道他什么时候会

17、到达”知选D。 【答案】D,4(2011扬州)One of the most interesting places in Yangzhou _are often visited by foreigners is the Slender West Lake. Awhat Bwho Cthat D/ 【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。由先行词one of the most interesting places知用关系代词that引导定语从句。 【答案】C,5(2011广州)I cant remember _I put the book，and I need it for my homework n

18、ow. Awhere Bhow Cwhat Dwhy 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。句意是“我现在需要那本书做作业，我不记得把它放在哪里了。”表示地点要用where，故选A。 【答案】A,6(2011盐城)Excuse me.Could you tell me_？ It will leave at 4：00 pm. Ahow will you go to Shanghai Bhow you will go to Shanghai Cwhen will the bus leave for Shanghai Dwhen the bus will leave for Shanghai 【解析】本

19、题考查宾语从句。由答语“它将在下午4点离开。”知上句是询问时间，排除A、B两项；又因宾语从句要用陈述语序，故选D。 【答案】D,7(2011广州)The story_I read in the newspaper was about a common problem among teenagers. Awhose BWho Cthat Dwhere 【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。本句中先行词the story指物，用that或which引导定语从句。故选C。 【答案】C,8(2011广州)_they are very tired，they feel happy because theyve

20、 finally finished their project. ASo BAlthough CIf DBut 【解析】本题考查让步状语从句。so“因此，所以”；although“尽管，虽然”；if“如果”；but“但是”。由句意“他们尽管很累了，但因最终完成了他们的项目而感到很快乐”可知需用although引导让步状语从句，故选B。 【答案】B,9(2011福州)You study_hard_youre sure to pass the exam. Thank you for saying so. Aenough；to Bas；as Cso；that 【解析】本题考查so.that的用法。s

21、o.that意为“如此以至于”，引导结果状语从句。enough.to后不能跟句子；as.as表示同级比较，不符合语境。故选C。 【答案】C,10(2011桂林)I want to know_he will be the volunteer in the 2011 Universiade(世界大学生运动会) in Shenzhen. Awhere Bwho Cif Dwhich 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“我想知道他是否将在深圳2011年世界大学生运动会上做志愿者。”知选C。 【答案】C,11(2011十堰)Can you tell me_？ His home is quite f

22、ar away from the office，I think. Awhen he got up Bwhere he works Cwhy he bought the car Dhow he likes his job 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语“我认为他的家离办公室相当远。”知上句是询问他买车的原因，故选C。 【答案】C,12(2011临沂)The policeman asked the small girl _. Awhy she was crying Bwhy was she crying Cwhy she is crying Dwhy is she crying 【解析】本题考查

23、宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除B、D两项；主句用了一般过去时，宾语从句要用相应的过去时态，故选A。 【答案】A,13(2011广东)The first thing _my brother is going to do this afternoon is to write a letter. Awhich Bthat Cwhy Dwho 【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。因先行词“thing”表事物又被序数词修饰，故使用关系词that引导，选B。 【答案】B,14(2011十堰)Ive become good friends with several of the students in

24、 my school _ I met in the English speech contest last year. Awho Bwhere Cwhen Dwhich 【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。先行词the students指人，故用关系代词who引导定语从句。 【答案】A,15(2011泰安)Mom，shall we have supper now? Oh，we wont have supper _your dad comes back. Auntil Bsince Cwhile Dafter 【解析】本题考查引导时间状语从句的连词。not.until意为“直到才”，为固定搭配。答

25、语句意为“直到你爸爸回来我们才吃晚饭。” 【答案】A,16(2011潍坊)I cant understand _Apples iPad 2. Awhy are they so mad about Bwhy they are so mad about Chow are they so mad about Dhow they are so mad about 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句要用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项；由句意可知选B。 【答案】B,17(2011苏州)Dont wait for people to be friendly，show them _a friendly perso

26、n you are. Awhat BHow Cwhen Dwhere 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的引导词。由句意“向他们表明你是多么友好的一个人”可知show them后的宾语从句是一个感叹句，空格后是名词短语a friendly person，故用what引导。 【答案】A,18(2011河北)Jenny is on holiday now.I wonder _. Awhen she will come back Bwhen she came back Cwhen will she come back Dwhen did she come back 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的时态及语序。由上句

27、“詹妮现在正在度假”可知“回来”的动作还未发生，故宾语从句要用一般将来时，排除B、D两项；宾语从句要用陈述语序，因此C项也错误。 【答案】A,19(2011乌鲁木齐)We dont like people _talk too much but never do anything. Awhose Bwho Cwhen Dwhich 【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。先行词people是人，并且关系代词在定语从句中作主语，故用who引导定语从句。 【答案】B,20(2011天津)John is the boy _legs were badly hurt in the accident. Awhos

28、e Bthat Cwho Dwhich 【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。当先行词是人，并且关系代词在定语从句中作定语时，要用whose来引导定语从句。that，who和which都不可以在定语从句中作定语。故选A。 【答案】A,21(2011天津)Will you please give the dictionary to Jane? Sure, Ill give it to her _she arrives here. Abefore Buntil Cbecause Das soon as 【解析】本题考查引导状语从句的连词。before“在之前”；until“直到为止”；because“

29、因为”；as soon as“一就”。由句意“她一到这儿我就给她”可知选D。 【答案】D,22(2011安徽)Youd better take the map with you _you wont get lost. Aas long as Bas soon as Cnow that Dso that 【解析】本题考查目的状语从句。由主句“你最好随身带着地图”知目的是为了“你不会迷路”，故用so that引导目的状语从句。as long as“只要”；as soon as“一就”；now that“既然，由于”。 【答案】D,23(2011铜仁)Can you tell me _？ I los

30、t my MP3 player. Awhats the matter with you Bwhat the matter is with you Cwhat the matter you is Dwhat the matter with you are 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。Whats the matter with.？是固定句型，意为“怎么了？”其本身就是一个陈述语序。其他选项为错误表达。故选A。 【答案】A,24(2011河南)I didnt see Laura at the party last night.Do you know _？ Awhy didnt she come Bwh

31、at happened Cwhen would she arrive Dwhere she has been 【解析】本题考查宾语从句的语序。宾语从句中用陈述语序，故排除A、C两项；D项意为“她去过哪里”，不符合题意；B项“发生什么了”符合在晚会上没有看见Laura而发出的疑问。故选B。 【答案】B,25(2011吉林)Could you tell me _？ By telling them some funny stories. Awhen I can visit the children Bwhy the children are not happy Cwhere the children

32、 want to go Dhow I can cheer up the sick children 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。由答语“通过给他们讲有趣的故事”可知，此处询问方式，故用how引导宾语从句。句意是“你能告诉我怎样才能使这些生病的孩子们高兴起来吗？”“通过给他们讲有趣的故事。” 【答案】D,26(2011河南)Tony，tell me the result of the discussion _you had with your dad yesterday. Awhat Bwhich Cwhen Dwho 【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。定语从句的引导词在从句中作宾语，故用关系代词

33、引导，排除C项；who引导定语从句时其先行词指人，不符合题意；what不能作定语从句的引导词；which引导定语从句，在从句中作宾语时，其先行词为物，符合题意。 【答案】B,27(2011黄冈)Who is your new head teacher this semester? The woman _is wearing a red skirt. Awhom Bwho Cwhose Dwhich 【解析】本题考查定语从句的引导词。关系代词指代the woman，并在定语从句中作主语，只有who符合题意。whom指人，作宾语；whose“谁的”，作定语；which指物，可作主语或宾语。 【答案

34、】B,28(2011成都)Im sorry to have you waiting so long for Marcia, and Im afraid itll be ten minutes _ she comes back. Abefore Bafter Cuntil 【解析】本题考查连词用法辨析。until用于肯定句中，意为“到(时候)为止”，谓语动词一般是延续性的，表示动作一直延续到until所表示的时间为止。题中“.it will be ten minutes”表示一种事实，其中的be是状态词，而不表示延续性动作，故排除until。本题选before，表示在她回来之前将会有十分钟时间。

35、 【答案】A,29(2010中考变式题)Your Tshirt is so cool.Could you tell me _？ Awhere you buy it Bwhere do you buy it Cwhere you bought it Dwhere did you buy it 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序应为陈述语序，可排除B，D。由句意可判断时态应为过去时，故选C。 【答案】C,30(2010中考变式题)Could you tell me _？ He is in the library. Awhere Simon was Bwhere is Simon Cwhere

36、 was Simon Dwhere Simon is 【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句的语序为陈述语序。此处的could为语气的委婉而非过去式，故选D。 【答案】D,31(2010中考变式题)Friends are those _ make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeed. Awhich Bwhat Cwhom Dwho 【解析】本题考查定语从句。先行词those这里代指friends，故用who引导定语从句。 【答案】D,32(2010中考变式题)I dont know if Jack

37、 _.If he _， call me, please. Awill come; will come Bcomes; comes Ccomes; will come Dwill come; comes 【解析】本题考查宾语从句和条件状语从句。前一句考查宾语从句，根据意思，要用将来时态；后一句为条件状语从句，在条件状语从句中，从句要用一般现在时表示将来，故答案应选D。 【答案】D,33(2010中考变式题)I seem to be lost.Could you tell me _？ Sure.You can take the No.3 bus to get there. Awhere is th

38、e nearest hospital Bhow long it will take me to the airport Chow far is my trip to the Olympic Village Dhow I can get to the National Museum 【解析】对话情景是说话人迷路了，所以他想知道他想要去的地方该怎样走。故答案只能选D。 【答案】D,34(2010中考变式题)Could you tell me _？ Of course, last night. Awhen you reached Chengdu Bwhen did you reach Chengdu

39、 Chow you came to China Dhow did you come to China 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。 根据答语last night需用引导词when；宾语从句中要用陈述语序，故答案选A。 【答案】A,35(2010中考变式题)David, look at the man in white over there.Can you tell me _？ He is a doctor. Awho is he Bwho he is Cwhat is he Dwhat he is 【解析】本题考查宾语从句。根据答语知是问职业，故排除A和B；宾语从句用陈述语序，所以答案选D。 【

40、答案】D,36(2010中考变式题)The boy _ is flying a kite on the playground is my little brother. Awho Bwhat Cwhich 【解析】本题考查定语从句。主语是the boy，故引导词用who。 【答案】A,37(2010中考变式题)Could you tell me _ at the meeting? Sorry, I dont know.I didnt go to the meeting that day. Awhat does he say Bwhat he says Cwhat he said Dwhat d

41、id he say 【解析】考查宾语从句。宾语从句应该用陈述语序，因此排除A、D；由下句出现的时间状语that day可知会议已经召开过了，故宾语从句应该用一般过去时。选C。 【答案】C,38(2010中考变式题)Do you like music _ makes you relaxed? Ait Bwhat Cwho Dthat 【解析】本题是对从句引导词的考查。句意为“你喜欢那些能让你放松的音乐吗？”后半部分是个定语从句，先行词为music，可以用that或which引导，所以选D。 【答案】D,39(2012中考预测题)_ you dont go to bed earlier, you

42、will feel tired in the morning. AUnless BIf CThough DUntil 【解析】考查if引导的条件状语从句。 【答案】B,40(2012中考预测题)He met many problems _ he was going over his lessons. Abefore Bas soon as Csince Dwhile 【解析】考查状语从句的连接词。before“以前”；as soon as“一就”；since“既然”；while“当时”。句意为“他在复习功课时遇到了很多难题。”故选D。 【答案】D,41(2012中考预测题)_ well you drive, you must drive carefully. ANo mat