英语研究论文读写教程-unit 3 课后练习答案

1、Unit 3KeysAnticipating the IssueClassification of DictionariesCRITERIONEXAMPLES OF DICTIONARIESthe number of language involvedmonolingual dictionaries, bilingual, multilingualthe nature of entrieslinguistic dictionaries, non-linguistic dictionariesthe prospective readernative speakers, speakers of o

2、ther languagessemantic focuscollation dictionaries, synonyms, antonymslexical itemsdictionaries of idioms, proverbssizeabridged dictionaries, unabridgedmediumpaper dictionaries, CD-ROMS, online2.The answers may vary.3.Fill in the table below with the advantages and disadvantages of paper dictionarie

3、s and computer dictionaries. ADVANTAGESDISADVANTAGESPaper Dictionariesfamiliarity Ownershiplarge sizeWeight Slow retrievalComputer Dictionaries fast retrievalLots of information Light-weight Small size Some contain pronunciation files Some contain English learning materials Some contain lots of pict

4、urescomputer-neededComputer needed Slower retrieval process if users are computer dummies Some are not well-designedFree ones often have advertisement4.Its generally better to use a normal English (monolingual) dictionary. Such dictionaries give you practice in understanding English. As the definiti

5、ons and examples are in English, you can see immediately how a word is used. Because many English words wont translate directly into your language, you have to be careful with bilingual dictionaries when you write down the meaning of the word. 5.The answers may vary. Discussion Ideas1. The research

6、topic is learners dictionary use and vocabulary choices in L2 writing in terms of two aspects: students ability to use the dictionary as a tool for written production and to teach them to use it more effectively, as well as their dictionary use in relation to foreign language writing in terms of Spa

7、nish. 2. No. It is both a summary and a synthesis of the related literature. The summary of previous research is contained within the literature review, which goes well beyond merely summarizing professional literature. A literature review focuses on a specific topic of interest to you and includes

8、a critical analysis of the relationship among different works, and then relates this research to your own work. 3. The researchers reviewed the previous research from general to specific on basis of the three questions to be explored in their own study, i.e., To begin with, the researchers analyzed

9、the general context dictionary use as a strategy of learners lexical acquisition process; the three limitations corresponding to the research questions the limitations in L2 proficiency and dictionary use strategy; the advantages of e-dictionaries and online dictionaries. 4. Yes. They both follow th

10、e three moves illustrated in the Writing Focus section of Unit 2. To begin with, they, based on the previous studies, set the general context for studies on dictionary useas an important learning strategy, it enhanced and furthered the learners vocabulary learning process. Consequently they introduc

11、ed in what instances the learner may consult dictionaries, which is relevant with their first research question. Thirdly, they pointed out two limitations in the use of dictionary, namely, learners inability to separate lexical and semantic meanings, and their inability to use the dictionary correct

12、ly, which are their second and third research question respectively. Lastly, they put forward the advantages that the recent technological advancement of electronic and online dictionaries brought to teachers, learners, and researchers, which is in accordance with their first research question. 5. T

13、hink-aloud protocols, stimulated-recall protocol, and interviews were employed in the first study. While the second study utilized the stimulated-recall protocol.Think-aloud protocol is a verbal protocol that takes place while the participant is performing a task; that is, the participant talks alou

14、d while completing a task. Think-aloud protocol (or think-aloud protocols, or TAP) is a method used to gather data in usability testing in product design and development, in psychology and a range of social sciences (e.g., reading, writing and translation process research). Think-aloud protocols inv

15、olve participants thinking aloud as they are performing a set of specified tasks. Users are asked to say whatever they are looking at, thinking, doing, and feeling, as they go about their task. This enables observers to see first-hand the process of task completion (rather than only its final produc

16、t). Observers at such a test are asked to objectively take notes of everything that users say, without attempting to interpret their actions and words. Test sessions are often audio and video taped so that developers can go back and refer to what participants did, and how they reacted. The purpose o

17、f this method is to make explicit what is implicitly present in subjects who are able to perform a specific task.Simulated recall protocol (SRP) as a research approach falls into the group of research methods that are often referred to as introspective methods. Stimulated-recall protocol is a verbal

18、 protocol that is prompted by a stimulus such as viewing a video of the participants performance of the talk or an essay written by the participant. In general it is considered to be an approach that is particularly suitable for examining processes and has most frequently been used to study learning

19、 processes, interpersonal skills and decision-making processes action learning. 6. Data triangulation is a powerful technique that facilitates validation of data through cross verification from more than two sources. In particular, it refers to the application and combination of several research met

20、hodologies in the study of the same phenomenon. And Methodological triangulation involves using more than one method to gather data, such as interviews, observations, questionnaires, and documents. Advantages: 1) increase the credibility and validity of the results;2) provide a more holistic perspec

21、tive of the research questions. 7. In terms of limitation, the number of participants resulted in the inability to generalize the results. In terms of implication, pre- and post-tests can be introduced in future research to measure whether any vocabulary gain has taken place during the experiment.8.

22、 This is qualitative research. Qualitative research and quantitative research are two schools of research. Qualitative research a method of inquiry employed in many different academic disciplines, traditionally in the social sciences, but also in market research and further contexts. Qualitative res

23、earchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behavior and the reasons that govern such behavior. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often needed than large samples.Quantitative r

24、esearch refers to the systematic empirical investigation of social phenomena via statistical, mathematical or computational techniques. The objective of quantitative research is to develop and employ mathematical models, theories and/or hypotheses pertaining to phenomena. The process of measurement

25、is central to quantitative research because it provides the fundamental connection between empirical observation and mathematical expression of quantitative relationships.Vocabulary and Language Learning Skills1.Word Building. word prefixed with trans-definitiontransferto use a skill, idea, etc in t

26、he new situationtranscribeto represent speech sounds with phonetic symboltranslateto change written or spoken words into another languagetransmitto send or pass something from one person, place or thing to anothertransitionchange or passage from one state or stage to anothertransactionthe action or

27、process of buying or selling somethingtransparentpermitting the uninterrupted passage of lighttransportthe business of moving people or things from one place to another, usually using buses or trains2.Recognizing Word Meanings.1. d 2. i 3. a 4. c 5. j 6. h 7. B 8. e 9. f 10. g3.Making a Collocation.

28、1. pedagogical2. in conjunction with 3. highlight 4. tap into 5. Holistic 6. burgeoning 7. be accessed by 8. stems from 9. take advantage ofWriting FocusTask OnePrimary: data sets, computer programs, scale models, drawingsSecondary: conferences, proceedings, journals, booksTertiary: dictionaries, en

29、cyclopedias, guides, handbooksTask TwoParaphrase the following sentences. 1. The way to a males heart is through his tummy. Delicious food is the way to win a mans heart. 2. A penny saved is a penny earned. You save money by not spending it.3. You cant teach an old dog new tricks. Its difficult to m

30、ake someone change the way in which they do things. 4. Haste makes waste. More haste, less speed. You do not save any time by working too fast. 5. You cant make a silk purse out of a cows ear. You cannot make a good quality product using bad quality materials.6. Although our human ability to communi

31、cate is genetically determined and hence is a part of our biological nature, speech development is importantly affected by the environment.The environment also influences how human communication develops to a great extent, despite that the ability for human communication is biologically based and transmitted through g