初中英语被动语态

1、被动语态,Passive voice,被动语态基本用法 当句子的主语是动作的执行者时，谓语的形式是主动语态。当句子的主语是动作的承受者时，谓语要用被动语态。被动语态由助动词be+过去分词构成，时态通过be表现出来。,be + Vp.p(动词的过去分词） 1)be 动词可以随时态人称的变化而变化 am/ is / are + V(过去分词） was/ were+ V(过去分词） will be + V(过去分词） 情态动词+ be + V (过去分词）,1.规则动词的过去分词：,1)一般情况在动词原形后加-ed,watch-watched,2)以不发音e结尾的加-d,practice-pract

2、iced,3)以辅音加y结尾的，去y变i加-ed,study-studied,4)以重读闭音节结尾，末尾只有一个辅音字母， 先双写该辅音字母，再加-ed,stop-stopped,2.不规则动词的过去分词：,am,is,are,been,have,has,had,do,done,write,written,go,gone,He plants trees in spring.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Trees,are planted,by,him,改为被动语态,in spring.,主动语态变被动语态口诀： 宾语提前主语变， 原主变宾by后见， 时态人称be关键。,Tom will clean

3、the room tomorrow.,主,谓,宾(受动者),The room,will be cleaned,by,Tom,tomorrow.,His brother washes bowls every day.,主,谓,宾(受动者),Bowls,are washed,by,his brother,every day.,1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时： S(主语）+am/is /are +过去分词,变为被动语态,Fill in each

4、of the blanks with the verb given,using the passive voice: The windows of our house_ (clean) once a week. 2)Students _ (ask)to read English every day. 3)Chinese _(speak) by the largest number of people in the world.,are cleaned,are asked,is spoken,4.An American film _ often _ (show)on TV on Sunday a

5、fternoon. 5.Most science books _ (write)in English. 6.English, French, German and Russian _ (use) in Europe.,is,shown,are written,are used,把下列的句子变为被动语态的句子： 1、They speak English in Canada .(English.) 2、People use wood for making tables. （wood.） 3、They make computers in the USA.（Computers） 4、They grow

6、 rice in South China.（Rice）,English is spoken in Canada.,Wood is used for making tables.,Computer are made in the USA.,Rice is grown in South China.,2. They bought ten computers last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,Put these into the passive voice: 1.Childr

7、en often sing this song. 2.They caught two thieves last night. 3.Tom showed us a vase just now. 4.She bought me a radio.,This song is often sung by the children.,Two thieves were caught by them last night.,We were shown a vase by Tom just now.,I was bought a radio by her.,3.They will finish the work

8、 in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词,1.The farmers will grow rice next year. 2.They will write letters soon. 3.I will forget this thing. 4.We will see a film tonight.,Rice will be grown next year.,Letters will be written soon.,This thing will be forgo

9、tten.,A film will be seen by us tonight.,4Amy can take good care of Gina ,Gina can be taken good care of by Amy. 情态动词： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,The trees should be planted around the lake .,The computer must be repaired now .,The mistakes should be corrected .,The trees must be watered well.

10、,5We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词,Fill in the blanks: 1.The rubbish _ already _ _. (collect) 2.The bins _ just _ _. (empty) 3.Five chapters _ _ _ recently. (learn) 4.The film _ ever _ _. (see),has,been collected,have,been emptied,ha

11、ve been learned,has,been seen,Put them into the Passive Voice: 1.They have opened a new school. 2.The workers have put up some buildings. 3.We have built a new road. 4.He has taught this song on TV.,A new school has been opened by them.,Some buildings have been put up.,A new road has been built by u

12、s.,This song has been taught on TV.,6. Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时： S+ am/is/are + being +过去分词,1.We are reading books. 2. They are sweeping the floor. 3.He is playing football. 4.I am watching TV.,Books are being read by us.,The floo

13、r is being swept by them.,Football is being played by him.,TV is being watched by me.,8I was doing my homework at 8:00 last night,My homework was being done (by me) at 8:00 last night. 过去进行时： S+ was/were+being+过去分词,9.含有直接宾语和间接宾语的主动结构变成被动结构时，可以将其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个不动。一般是间接宾语变成被动结构的主语。 e.g. My mother gave m

14、e a bike. 间接宾语 直接宾语 I was given a bike (by my mother). A bike was given to me (by my mother).,Put them into the passive voice: 1.She wrote me a letter. 2.My grandmother told me a fairy tale. 3.Peter showed us photos in the classroom.,I was written a letter by her. A letter was written to me by her,I

15、 was told a fairy tale by my grandmother. A fairy tale was told to me by my grandmother.,We were shown photos by Peter in the classroom. Photos were shown to us by Peter in the classroom.,10.短语动词的被动语态： 一般来说，只有及物动词才有被动语态，因为只有及物动词才可能有动作的承受者。但有许多由不及物动词加介词的短语动词，相当于及物动词，可以有宾语，因而也可以有被动语态。但应注意：短语动词是一个不可分割的

16、整体，在变为被动语态时，不可丢掉构成短语动词的介词或副词。 e.g.They took good care of the children. The children were taken good care of.,短语动词： 1.look after 2.hear from 3.take care of 4.look for 5.reply to 6.put up 7.listen to 8.go over仔细检查、复习 9.talk about/over 10.put off推迟 11.hand in 12.pay attention to 13.put on 上演 14.turn on

17、/off,11、带复合宾语动词变为被动语态,宾语 + 宾语补足语 复合宾语 变被动语态，宾语（被动语态）主语，宾语补足语（主动语态）主语补足语 I heard Jane playing the piano in her room.（变为被动语态） Jane was heard playing the piano in her room.,12、变被动语态后动词形式的选择,主动句中的感官动词 see, hear, watch, feel, notice等，及使役动词 make, let, have 等后跟省略to的不定式，变被动加 上to。 He makes the girl stay at h

18、ome. （变为被动语态） The girl is made to stay at home by him.,各种时态的被动语态构成 1）一般现在时：You are invited to do this. 2）一般过去时：The story was told by her. 3）一般将来时：The problem will be discussed tomorrow.,看一看 想一想,4)情态动词：The rubbish can be put into the dustbin over there.,各种时态的被动语态构成,一般现在时： 一般过去时： 情态动词： 一般将来时： 现在进行时： 现

19、在完成时： 过去进行时：,S+am/is /are +P.P S+was/were +P.P. S+ can/may/must/should + be+ P.P. S+ will+be+ P.P. S+ am/is/are + being + P.P. S+ have/has + been+ P.P. S+ was/were+being+ P.P.,何时使用被动语态呢？ 一、行为主体不明确，不必说出或者无法说出动作的执行者时。例如： Football is played all over the world 二、不易找到或根本就不可能找到动作的执行者时。例如： My bike was stol

20、en我的自行车被盗了。,三、汉语中含有“据说”、“据悉”、“有人说”、“大家说”等时。例如： It is said that one day he climbed to the top of a house and It was reported that her mother died of SARS. 众所周知 It is well known that 据推测说 It is supposed that ,四、汉语中含有“被”、“由”等词时。 例如： Tina is asked to come by Paul Tina是被Paul叫来的。 五、某些句子习惯上用被动语态。例如： He was

21、 born in October，1989,I. 中考链接。 1. Drunken drive is dangerous, isnt it? Yeah. Thats why drunken drivers _ to prison even without causing accidents. A. sent B. are sent C. send D. are sending,2. Who is the little girl in the picture? Its me. The picture _ 10 years ago. A. took B. is taken C. has taken

22、 D. was taken 3. Dont worry. Your package _ here until you come back, so enjoy shopping here. A. will keep B. has kept C. will be kept D. has been kept,4. How soon _ all the work _? In a week. A. will; finish B. is; going to finish C. will; be finished D. are; going to be finished,5. Nick _ a job in

23、 a bank, but to our surprise, he didnt take it. A. offered B. has offered C. was offered 6. Have you heard of Earth Day? Yes. The first Earth Day _ in 1970 to educate us to protect our planet. A. celebrates B. celebrated C. is celebrated D. was celebrated,7. More money _ when we use both sides of pa

24、per. A. will save B. was saved C. has saved D. will be saved 8. A new club _ in our school at the beginning of this year and now it has many members. A. starts B. is started C. has started D. was started,9. Our classroom _ every day. So it is. Its our duty to keep it clean and tidy. A. cleans B. is

25、cleaning C. is cleaned 10. Sixteen-year-olds _ to drive in China. But in America, they can. A. is allowed B. is not allowed C. are allowed D. are not allowed,11. Lady Gaga is very popular, and she _ by many boys and girls at school. A. loves B. is loving C. is loved 12. Hey, Molly. You _ on the phon

26、e just now. But you werent here and the man left a phone number. Oh? I was in the library. A. wanted B. are wanted C. were wanted D. have wanted,13. The mobile phone has influenced peoples life a lot since it _. A. invents B. invented C. is invented D. was invented 14. The sports meeting _ next mont

27、h. A. will hold B. is going to hold C. will be held,15. Excuse me. Im looking for Be the Best of Yourself. Sorry. The book you ask for _ out. A. is selling B. is sold C. was selling D. will be sold 16. Annie _ to the party. She had a wonderful time with us. A. invites B. is invited C. was invited D.

28、 has invited,17. Many houses _ in the earthquake of April 20, 2013 in Yaan. A. is destroyed B. are destroyed C was destroyed D. were destroyed 18. At present, one of the best ways to study is working in groups. More chances _ to students to learn from each other. (2013湖北宜昌) A. offer B. are offered C

29、. have offered D. are offering,19. Many trees _ on the streets every years. So the air is very fresh now. A. plant B. are planted C. planted D. were planted 20. A new park _ in our hometown next year. Really? Our hometown must be more beautiful. A. will build B. will be built C. is built,1.People us

30、e knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows of their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,EXERCISES,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the b

31、ook in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamp