定语从句用法小结

1、定语从句用法小结,概念,(1)定语从句：就是在复合句里充当定语的从句，它通常紧靠在所修饰的名词或代词后面。 (2)先行词：就是被定语从句修饰的名词或代词。 (3)关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词有关系代词who, whom, whose, which和that等；关系副词有when, where, why等。关系词不仅起连接作用，而且还代表先行词并在定语从句中担任某一句子成分，关系代词作主语、宾语、定语、表语等，关系副词作状语。,例如：,This is the book that my father bought me yesterday. 这就是我父亲昨天帮我买的那本书。 The t

2、ime when he arrives is not known. 他到达的时间还不知道。,先行词,关系词,定语从句,先行词,关系词,定语从句,引导词（关系词）,常见的关联词有关系代词that，which，who，whom，whose和关系副词where，when，why等。,1由that引导的定语从句,一般情况下that可指人或物，可以代替who，whom和which，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语，但不能作介词的宾语。 如： The man that（who）is speaking at the meeting is our principal正在会上讲话的那个人是我们校长。 Is thi

3、s the doctor that（whom）you talked about yesterday？这就是你们昨天谈论的那位医生吗？ The letter that（which）I received yesterday was from my father昨天我收到的信是我父亲寄来的。,2由who，whom和whose引导的定语从句,who(主格)在从句中作主语，whom(宾格)在从句中作宾语，whose(所有格)在从句中作定语。 如： This is the thief who stole my bike这就是偷我自行车的那个贼。 He is the boy whom you wanted

4、to find他就是你想要找的那个男孩。 The girl whose mother is a doctor is waiting for you outside妈妈是个医生的那个女孩在外面等你。,3由which引导的定语从句,which指物，在从句中作主语或谓语动词的宾语。 如： The book which Mum bought me last week is called “Red Star Over China”妈妈上周买给我的那本书名叫西行漫记。 The house which Lu Xun once lived in is now the Lu Xun Museum鲁迅曾经住过的那

5、所房子现在是鲁迅博物馆。,4由where，when和why引导的定语从句,where在从句中作地点状语，when在从句中作时间状语，why在从句中作原因状语。 如： I will never forget the day when I joined the League我永远忘不了我入团的那一天。 He will go back to the school where he studied next week下周他要回到他曾经学习过的学校。 I dont know the reason why he quarreled with Zhang Lin我不知道他同张琳吵架的原因。,只能用that不

6、能用which的情况,1 当先行词被序数词或形容词最高级所修饰，或本身是序数词、基数词、形容词最高级时； 2 当被修饰的先行词为all,any,much,many,everything,anything,none,the one等不定代词时； 3 当先行词被the only,the very,the same,the last,little,few等修饰时； 4 当先行词里同时含有人和物时； 5 当主句是以who或which引导的特殊疑问句时; 6 当关系代词在定语从句中用作表语时 。,例如：,1.He was the first person that passed the exam. 他是

7、第一个通过考试的人。（先行词被序数词修饰） 2.Is there anything that you want to buy in the shop?你在商店里有什么东西要买吗？（先行词是不定代词） 3.I can remember well the persons and pictures that I saw in the room.我能清楚记得在那个房间所见到的人和一些照片。（先行词同时含有人和物） 4.Who is the girl that is crying?正在哭泣的那个女孩是谁？（主句是以who引导的特殊疑问句） 5.This is the only example that

8、I know. 我知道的例子只有这一个。（先行词被the only 修饰） 6. China is not the country that it was. 中国已不是过去的中国了。 (country作is的表语),用which而不能用that的情况,1、当先行词为that,those时； Whats that which is under the desk? 在桌子底下的那些东西是什么？ 2、当关系代词前有介词时；例如： This is the room in which he lives. 这是他居住地房间。 3、引导非限制性定语从句时，通常要用which。例如： He has to wo

9、rk on Sundays, which he doesnt like. 他得在星期天工作，他是不喜欢这样的。,Exercises,1.This is the school Mr.Smith once taught. A、in that B、which C、where D、there 2.Is this the factory a lot of students visited yesterday. A、the once B、which C、who D、whom 3.His parents wouldnt let him marry anyone family was poor. A、of w

10、hom B、whom C、of whose D、whose 4.This is the bag my mother bought yesterday. A、that B、who C、whom D、this 5.Is this the shopsells childrens clothing? A.which B, where C.in which D.what,6.Have you visited the house the famous scientist was born? A、where B、in that C、that D、which 7.The filmwe saw the day

11、before yesterday is very interesting. A、in that B、which C、whose D、who 8.The man lives next to us is my English teacher. A、whom B、which C、who D、/ 9.The girl you saw in the street is Mary. A、who B、whose C、which D、why 10.1949 was the yearnew China was born. A、that B、when C、what D、on that,11.Mr Johnsons sonlives in Chicago is a doctor. A、who B、whom C、that D、which 12.Ill never forget the years I lives in the country with my parents and grandparents. A、that B、when C、which D、when 13.Will you show me the way to the only tall buildingstands near the post office? A、that B、when C、which D、whe