宾语从句,表语从句解析

1、,Noun Clauses,noun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing V-ed etc.,主语,谓语,宾语,表语,Vt,V-l,Vi,Noun / Pronoun The + adj V-ing / Clause Infinitive,Noun / Pronoun / The + adj V-ing / Clause / Infinitive,英语句子基本成分示意图,be / feel / seem / look appear / stand / lie become /get / grow / turn go / come / remain/ keep taste

2、/ smell etc.,noun pronoun adj. / adv. infinitive V-ing / V-ed clause etc.,简单句的基本词序,主语 动词部分 宾语 状语 （谓语） 方式 地点 时间 I bought a hat yesterday. The children ran home. We ate our meal in silence. The car stopped suddenly.,主语 不及物动词 She came/ My head aches. 主语 及物动词 宾语 She likes English. 主语 系动词 主语补语(表语） She is

3、 happy 主语 双宾动词 间接宾语 直接宾语 She gave John a book She bought a book for me. 主语 宾补动词 宾语 宾语补语 She makes her mother angry The teacher asked me to read the passage. There +be There is a book on the desk.,简单句基本句型实例,Point out the function of each noun in the following sentences: 1.The world loves nature. 2.Kn

4、owledge is power . 3.We Chinese are peace- loving.,subject,object,subject,predicative,predicative,subject,名词性从句,名词性从句在功能上相当于名词,主语,His job is important.,What he does is important.,表语,This is his job.,This is what he does every day.,宾语,I dont like his job.,I dont like what he does every day.,什么叫名词性从句？

5、,在句子中起名词作用的句子叫名词从句 (Noun Clauses） 名词从句的功能相当于名词词组, 它在复合句中能担任主语、宾语、表语、同位语等 因此根据它在句中不同的语法功能，名词从句又可分别称为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句,名词性从句 noun clause,主语从句 subject clause,宾语从句 object clause,表语从句 predicative clause,同位语从句 appositive clause,Object Clauses 宾语从句,M3U3 Grammar,I know him . 2. I know who he is .,主语,谓语,宾

6、语,（简单句）,主语,谓语,宾 语 从 句,连词,从句主语,从句谓语,主 句,（复合句）,什么是宾语？,I know him. Do you have the time? I think (that) she is beautiful. Why dont you pay attention to me?,宾语 位于谓语动词或者介词后,一、宾语从句的概念,从句在复合句中作宾语的名词性从句， 通常放在主句谓语动词（及物动词）或介词之后。 E.g. We know Mr Green teaches English. She asked if these answers were right.,二、宾

7、语从句三要素,引导词（连接词） 语 序 时 态,如何区分宾语从句？,They know the teacher. 主语 谓语 宾语 They know the teacher is very kind . 主语 谓语 宾语从句 句子做宾语就是宾语从句。,宾语从句变否定句。 如果主句的主语是第一人称I或we 时，并且谓语动词多为think、guess、believe等表示心理活动的词时，变否定句要否定转移，即否定主句。否则，变否定句看从句。 I think chicken can swim （变否定句） I dont think chicken can swim He said that he

8、would go shopping（变否定句） He said that he would not go shopping,We wonder how we shall do . Could you tell me where they are? We believe that they have finished their task, havent we ? 4. I am sorry that I didnt know you want to join the Party.,找出下列句中的宾语从句,句子类型,that,陈述句,一般疑问句,If/weather,特殊疑问词,特殊疑问句,不同

9、引导词引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 that 引导的宾语从句,由连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的宾语从句,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,（一）引导词,1,2,3,e.g. There is no doubt (that) _. He said (that) _. The teacher told us (that) _ _.,he will be back in an hour,he missed us very much,the earth moves,由从属连词 that 引导

10、的宾语从句,注：that 在句中无词汇意义，在从句中不能充当成分，在口语当中往往省略,around the sun,that不能省略的2种情况,（2）用it做形式宾语的宾语从句时 （ it常可以放在动词think, find, consider, believe, feel, make等后作为形式宾语，而真正的宾语that从句则放在句尾） I think it necessary that you should read English aloud. We heard it that she would get married next month.,（1）当that作介词except, in

11、 宾语时 They believe in that she must still be single. I know nothing about him except that he is living in Beijing.,由从属连词 whether, if 引导的宾语从句,I want to know _ _. 2. Ask him _. 3. I wonder _. 4. Could you tell me_?,if (whether) he will go to the park with us,whether (if) he can come,whether it is going

12、 to rain or not,if/ whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。常用在ask, wonder, can (could) you tell me 等后。,whether(if) Mr Li lives here,只能用 whether不能用 if 的情况,1. 在介词后面： Im thinking of whether we should go fishing. We are worried about whether it will rain tomorrow. 2. 在动词不定式前(whether to do sth.) ： They asked me wh

13、ether to go skating.,3.当与or not连用，或提出两种选择时: I dont know whether hes free or not. Mary asked whether I was doing my homework or not. Tell me whether youd like to go shopping or tidy the room. 4. 宾语从句提前时： Whether this is true or not, I cant say.,Practice time,if / whether 1. I asked her _ she had a bi

14、ke. 2. Were worried about _ he is safe. 3. I wonder _ he is well. 4. I dont know _ or not he is well. 5. I dont know _ to go.,if / whether,whether,whether /if,whether,whether,1. He asked _. 2. Do you know_? 3. He asked_. 4. Do you know _? 5. Please tell me _. 6. Can you tell me _? 7. Could you tell

15、me _?,who could answer the question,whom they are waiting for,whose bike was the best in the class,when well have a meeting,where he is,how I can get to the station,why the train is late,由连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词 where, how, why, when引导的宾从,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。,二、语序

16、宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he go to the library? His brother asks when he will go to the library . His brother asks when will he go to the library .,2. What did he want to buy ? I dont know what did he want to buy . I dont know what he wanted to buy .,主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）,Whats wrong?

17、Whats the matter? Whats happening? What happened?,注：当从句的原句为以下句子 以及what, who作主语时，语序不变：,e.g. I dont know whats the matter. Can you tell me who is over there? Can you tell me who he is ?,做主语,做宾语,否定的转移,若主句谓语动词为think, consider, suppose, believe, expect, guess, imagine等， 其后的宾语从句若含有否定意义，一般要把否定词转移到主句谓语上，从句谓

18、语用肯定式。,I dont think this dress fits you well. I dont think you are right.,我认为这件衣服不适合你穿。 我认为你是错的。,I dont believe you will finish the work today.,我认为你今天无法完成工作。,注意： 这种否定前移的宾语从句，在变成反意疑问句时，反意疑问句的主谓语要与从句一致。 I dont think (that) he is interested in that thing, is he? 我认为他对那件事不感兴趣，对吗？, 如果主句的主语是第二和第三人称时，它后面接的

19、宾语从句的否定词通常不前移，它的反意疑问句的主谓语应该与主句一致，即如果主句是肯定，反意疑问部分就用否定；如果主句是否定，那么反意疑问部分就用肯定。 She thought that film was not interesting, didnt she? 她认为那部电影不好看，是吗？ You think you cant get up, dont you? 你认为你起不来，是吗？,I know he lives here . I know he lived here ten years ago . I have heard that he will come tomorrow .,三、时态,

20、主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态， 根据实际情况而定。,2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时）， 从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 （一般过去时，过去进行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,I knew who lived here. I saw she was talking with her mother. He asked whether his father would come back tomorrow. He said that he had seen it .,The teacher told me she was born in 1960. I heard

21、 that he went to Paris last night.,3. 从句说明的是一般真理、客观事实、自然现象时， 仍用一般现在时。,Dad told us that it is better to do than to say. He told the boy that three and three is six. He told me the earth moves around the sun.,4. 从句中有具体时间状语，即使从句动作发生 在主句动作前，仍用一般过去时。,The radio says it _ cloudy tomorrow. (be) The headmast

22、er hopes everything _ well. (go) I hear they _ (return) it already. He said that they _ members of the Party since 1948. (be) Our teacher told us in class the sun _ in the east. (rise),will be,goes,have returned,had been,rises,宾语从句 三要素,时 态,Summary (小结）,引导词（连接词）,语 序,注意： 宾语从句常用于直接引语转为间接引转变的时候注意时态和人称的变

23、化,What did your father say?,You are a clever girl.,My father said I was a clever girl.,“I am in space.”,What did he say?,He said he was in space.,1. The young man asked _ its summer or winter. A. either B. that C. weather D. whether 2. We dont know _ they did it . A. how B. who C. what D. which 3. T

24、he teacher asks us _ Jim can come back on time . A. that B. if C. when D. what time 4. Does anybody know _ we will have a sports meeting this weekend or not . A. if B. where C. whether D. that,D,A,B,C,Practice,5. Could you show me _ ? A. how can I get to the station B. where is the station C. how I

25、could get to the station D. how I can reach the station 6. Please tell me _. A. what does he like B. what he does like C. what he likes D. what he like 7. My sister told him _ . A. what day was it B. when the train arrived C. who she was waiting D. where did you live,C,B,D,8. Someone is ringing the

26、doorbell . Go and see _ . A. who is he B. who he is C. who is it D. who it is 9. Could you tell me how long _ ? A. you have bought the watch B. you have kept this science book C. have you been away from China D. have you been a member of Greener China 10. He says that if it _ tomorrow , he _ fishing

27、 . A. will rain , wont go B. rained , wasnt go C. rains , wont go D. rain , will go,B,C,D,将下列句子合并为一句: 1. Where do they stop on the way? I asked. 2. What will you speak at the meeting? Could you tell me? 3. Do they like to go skiing? He asked. 4. He is doing his homework. He said. 5. He will come bac

28、k. Tom said.,I asked where they stopped on the way.,Could you tell me what you will speak at the meeting?,He asked if they liked to go skiing.,He said that he was doing his homework.,Tom said that he would come back.,6. Is she doing her homework? Jim asked. 7. When will he come back? Tom asked. 8.Ho

29、w can I get to the station? Could you tell me? 9.Why is the train late? Would you tell me? 10. Where is Tom? They asked.,Tom asked when he would come back.,Could you tell me how I can get to the station?,Would you tell me why the train is late?,They asked where Tom was.,Jim asked if she was doing he

30、r homework.,Predicative Clauses 表语从句,表语从句是在复合句中作表语的名词性从句, 放在系动词之后,一般结构是“主语+系动词+表语从句”。可以接表语从句的系动词有be, look, remain, seem等。另外,常用的还有the reason why is that 和It is because 等结构。例如：,一、表语从句三要素,引导词（连接词） 语 序 时 态,如何区分表语从句？,He is a student. 主语 谓语 表语 The reason is that he is a student. 主语 谓语 表语从句 句子做表语就是表语从句。,.

31、表语从句：从句在句中充当表语成分，一般放在连系动词之后. 作用:对主语进行解释说明。,连接词：that / whether /as if /as though（ if 不 引导 表语从句) 连接代词：who / whom / whose / which / what 连接副词：when / where / why / how / because,The question is whether we can rely on him. Thats because we were in need of money at that time . He looked as if he was going

32、 to cry . Thats why I was late .,肯定句： That is why I was late. 否定句： That isnt why I was late. 一般疑问句：Is that why you were late?,不同引导词引导的表语从句,由从属连词 that 引导的表语从句,由连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词 where,how,why,when 引导的表语从句,由从属连词 whether引导的表语从句,（一）引导词,1,2,3,由从属连词 whether, as if 引导的表语从句,1. The que

33、stion is _ 2. I wonder _.,whether it is worth doing.,whether it is right or wrong,it was going to rain,whether “是否”，说明对陈述的事物不明确或不清楚。,as if 表似乎，猜测,It looked as if_,e.g. What I want to say is that Im sorry. I think it necessary that you should read English aloud.,由从属连词 that 引导的表语从句,注：that 在从句中不能省略,1.

34、That is _. 2. That was _. 3. The problem is_. 4. His trouble is _.,what he is worried about,why they made a bet,how they can get food,where he can find his book,由连接代词 Who, whom, whose, which, what 和连接副词 where, how, why, when引导的宾从,代词或副词连接主句和从句，并在从句中担任句子成分，具有一定的意义，不可省略。,注 意：,在表语从句中，表“是否” 时，只能用 “whethe

35、r”不能用“If”。 一般情况下，“that”不能省。 It is /was because . It is /was why. 3. The reason (why/for)is /was that. 4 The reason is because /why,that .,注意,表语从句的引导词与宾语从句相同. 但: 1. that引导表语从句时不能省. 2. if不能引导表语从句.,1.Please tell me you will go to the lecture tomorrow. 2. It all depends on the sky will clear up. 3. The

36、question is the film is well worth seeing. 4. He will be well tomorrow I am not sure. 5. it is true remains a problem.,关联词比较,whether / if,whether / if,whether,whether,whether,whether,二、语序 宾语从句的语序用陈述语序： 连接词+主语+谓语+其他成分,1. When will he go to the library? The question is when he will go to the library .

37、 The question is when will he go to the library .,2. That is what he is worried about . That is what is he worried about.,主句+连接词+从句（主+谓+其他成分）,It is where he lives in . It is where he lived in 10 years ago.,三、时态,主句用现在时或将来时，从句可用任何时态， 根据实际情况而定。,2.如果主句是过去的时态（一般过去时，过去进行时）， 从句的时态一定要用相对应的过去的某种时态 （一般过去时，过去进

38、行时，过去将来时，过去完成时）,Her wish was that she could lose weight soon. It looked as if it was going to rain. The question was whether his father would come back tomorrow. The reason why he was late was that the train had already left.,名词主语+be+that引起的表语从句,在这种句型中，常用表示事实，真理的名词，如：fact, truth 或表示看法，观点的名词，如：idea,o

39、pinion,belief,view,feeling,suggestion,plan等作主语。,如： 1.The fact is that our team has won the game. 2.The truth is that she was the very person who informed against her husband.,who / whoever,1.The competition is coming. will attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 2. I believe takes part in the com

40、petition will try his best. what / whatever 3. Can you tell me you d like to order? happens, dont be surprised. All the food here is delicious. Just order you like.,who,whoever,what,whatever,whatever,who / whoever,1.The competition is coming. will attend the meeting hasnt been decided yet. 2. I believe takes part in the competition will try his best. what / whatever 3. Can you tell me you d like to order? happens, dont be