大学英语综合教程Unit5 How to Be True to Yourself

1、An Integrated English Course Book 1 Unit 11,Denis Waitley,Text 1 How to Be True to Yourself?,Pre-reading Activity Film episode 1,Pinocchio Questions for Comprehension: 1. What does Fairys “a real boy” connote? 2. What role does Fairy hope Cricket to play in guiding Pinocchios behavior?,Pre-reading A

2、ctivity Film episode 2,Dead Poets Society Questions: 1.Why did all the students stand up? 2.Why didnt Mr. Nolans order work ?,Neil Perry,Charles Dalton,Richard Cameron,Todd Anderson,Dont Do This! Quiz on Academic Integrity,Pre-reading Activity,Dont Do This! Quiz on Academic Integrity,Question 1: You

3、 realize that another student is looking at your test paper. You dont know the second student, but you dont make any effort to cover your paper. We know the other student is cheating but are you guilty of academic dishonesty?,Dont Do This! Quiz on Academic Integrity,Question 2: The final exam in you

4、r class is a take-home test. The professors instructions state that you may only consult the following resources: library books, class notes, texts, and the professor or TA. You and your roommate discussed one of the questions, but you wrote your own answer. Is this a problem?,Dont Do This! Quiz on

5、Academic Integrity,Question 3: You spent hours writing an excellent research paper for your English class in the fall. You have to do a research paper on any topic for your sociology class this semester. Is it wise to turn in the same paper?,Dont Do This! Quiz on Academic Integrity,Question 4: It is

6、 late at night and your paper is due at 9:00 a.m. the next day. You used a lot of material from a couple of books, but you didnt quote anything and, therefore, you didnt include any footnotes. Is this plagiarism (剽窃) or just sloppy work?,Dont Do This! Quiz on Academic Integrity,Question 5: You have

7、had a tough semester and are having trouble focusing on a term paper you must write. You have acquired research material, a paper from the World Wide Web on your topic, that will get you started with information and organization. With all the other pressures, it seems tempting to make a few minor ch

8、anges and turn the paper in. Should you?,Plagiarism,Plagiarism, which is a form of intellectual dishonesty, is now seriously corroding (腐蚀) the integrity in academic fields. infringement of intellectual property copyright infringement 版权侵犯 to infringe on intellectual property to violate copyright la

9、w,Acts of Plagiarism,use someone elses words, ideas, or works as yours use pages or paragraphs from published works without permission quote the works of others without permission use materials from the Internet or obscure sources change a few words or the sequence of some sentences or paragraphs cl

10、aim the product as your own original work,Oral Practice Have you experienced a moral or ethical dilemma in your life? Describe what happened to you and how you reacted.,First Reading: Understanding the Text,How to Be True to Yourself Topic of the essay: How to be true to yourself / How to become a p

11、erson of integrity,1.What is integrity?,Dictionary definition: steadfast adherence to a strict moral or ethical code; honesty and trustworthiness 恪守严格的道德规范:正直, 诚实, 诚信,1. What is integrity?,How does the author define integrity? Integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that do

12、es not sell out to expediency and that is not relative to the situation at hand. Integrity is an inner standard for judging your behavior. (Para.2) Integrity means you do what you do because its right and not just fashionable or politically correct. (Para. 15),Paraphrase,1.What is integrity?,How do

13、you define integrity? Reference: Integrity means you are upright, honest, and sincere in all you do, and in all things you act justly and honorably. You put honesty, sense of duty, and sound moral principles above all else. A person with integrity doesnt just “talk the talk,” she or he also “walks t

14、he walk.,Oral Practice Which historical figure do you think can be regarded as one with integrity? Why?,2. The necessity to write about the concept “integrity”:,a contrast: the firm belief in it demonstrated by the authors grandparents and their generations vs. the present scarcity of it the importa

15、nce of integrity: It is the real bottom line in every area of society. And it is something we must demand of ourselves.,Paraphrase,3. How to become a man of integrity:,three key principles “the integrity Triad” 1) Stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure. When you are right

16、, you cant back down.,Paraphrase,3. How to become a man of integrity:,three key principles “the integrity Triad” 2) Always give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Dont be afraid of those who might have a better idea or might even be smarter than you are.,Paraphrase,Nesting Dolls,3. How to beco

17、me a man of integrity:,three key principles “the integrity Triad” 3) Be honest and open about what you really are. Face reality and be adult in your responses to lifes challenges. Self-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationsh

18、ips with others,Paraphrase,4. Benefit and prospect a life of principle will bring you:,A life of principle will be rewarding in that: A life of principle, of not succumbing to the seductive sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day. It will take you forward into the 21st century without ha

19、ving to check your tracks in a rearview mirror.,Paraphrase,Further Discussion of Ideas from the Text,1. Life is like a field of newly fallen snow; where we choose to walk every step will show.,Further Discussion of Ideas from the Text,2. Integrity is an inner standard for judging our behavior.,Furth

20、er Discussion of Ideas from the Text,3. Integrity is in short supply today even if it is the bottom line in every area of society.,Other tips on how to be true to oneself:,An Introduction to the Author,one of the most sought-after keynote speakers and productivity consultants in the world today,Deni

21、s Waitley,Denis Waitley Quotations,Responsibility: A sign of wisdom and maturity is when you come to terms with the realization that your decisions cause your rewards and consequences. You are responsible for your life, and your ultimate success depends on the choices you make. Friendship: A smile i

22、s the light in your window that tells others that there is a caring, sharing person inside.,Problem Solving: Dont dwell on what went wrong. Instead, focus on what to do next. Spend your energies on moving forward toward finding the answer. Overcoming Failure: Failure should be our teacher, not our u

23、ndertaker. Failure is delay, not defeat. It is a temporary detour, not a dead end. Failure is something we can avoid only by saying nothing, doing nothing, and being nothing.,Overcoming Failure: Forget about the consequences of failure. Failure is only a temporary change in direction to set you stra

24、ight for your next success. Overcoming Failure: When you make a mistake or get ridiculed or rejected, look at mistakes as learning experiences, and ridicule as ignorance. Look at rejection as part of one performance, not as a turn down of the performer. Life: View life as a continuous learning exper

25、ience.,Style of Writing / Genre (文艺作品的体裁; 类型),A mixed genre of exposition and argumentation: In term of exposition, it is developed by the strategy of “classification”. It exhibits the logics of argumentation.,Classification used in expository writing:,Divide things into groups or types so that thos

26、e with similar characteristics are in the same group. To deal with complex or abstract topics by breaking a broad subject into smaller, neatly sorted categories.,To define “integrity”; To weigh its importance in current times; To argue that integrity is “in short supply”; To show why integrity has i

27、ts worth; To argue that integrity “will win the day”.,Thread of argument in the text:,Structural Analysis of the Text,Thesis Integrity is of paramount importance in all social activities. Integrity may consist of three life principles. A life of principle will win the day.,Structural Analysis of the

28、 Text,Part One(1-2) Preface personal story to introduce the concept “integrity” the importance of integrity vs. its getting scarcer the necessity to write about the concept,Structural Analysis of the Text,Part Two (3-14) Deductive method in explanation of each principle of the Integrity Triad Logics

29、 among the three principles: Parallel Exterior Interior Macro Micro,Structural Analysis of the Text,Part Two (3-14) Para. 3-8 To put forward a model of “Integrity Triad”. The first key principle: To stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure.,Structural Analysis of the Text,P

30、art Two (3-14) Para. 9-11 The second key principle - To give others credit that is rightfully theirs,Structural Analysis of the Text,Part Two (3-14) Para. 12-14 The third key principle To be honest and open about what you really are,Structural Analysis of the Text,Part Three (15) Conclusion The auth

31、or further explains what integrity means and points out what benefit and prospect a life of principle will bring you. To rephrase the definition of integrity; To reiterate the significance of integrity.,Critical Thinking on the Logics of the Text,Is there any overlapping content among the three prin

32、ciples of the Integrity Triad? Strictly speaking, there are flaws in the writers argumentation. Have you spotted any such flaws in the thread of argument?,Background Information Russian Nesting Doll,Background Information Siren, in Greek mythology,海妖塞壬/莎琳 a group of sea nymphs represented with the h

33、ead of a woman and the body of a bird daughters of Achelous (希神河神), inhabited an island surrounded by dangerous rocks by their sweet singing lured mariners (水手，海员) to destruction on the rocks surrounding their island.,Background Information Siren, in Greek mythology,海妖塞壬 Odysseus managed to save him

34、self and his men from the Sirens by putting melted wax in his crews ears and tying himself to the mast, making the crew swear they would not release him however desperately he begged.,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 2 integrity means having a personal standard of morality and ethics that doe

35、s not sell out to expediency and that is not relative to the situation at hand. Paraphrase: integrity means that one should have a set of moral principles that one does not betray for the purpose of gaining advantages or personal benefits and that is not affected by any external circumstances.,Langu

36、age Work Difficult sentences,Para. 2 But it is the real bottom line in every area of society. bottom line: fundamental principle / quality,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 4 Stand firmly for your convictions in the face of personal pressure. stand firmly for: firmly adhere to conviction: firm

37、 and sincere belief in face of: in spite of,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 8 When you know you are right, you cant back down. Paraphrase: When you know you are right, you cant give up your standpoint or effort halfway under external pressure.,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 9 Always

38、 give others credit that is rightfully theirs. Paraphrase: Always be ready and willing to give approval or praise to other people who deserve it.,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 12 Be honest and open about what you really are. Paraphrase: Be your true self, without hiding or covering up any

39、unpleasing aspects in your life.,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 12 People who lack genuine core values rely on external factors core values: fundamental moral principles 核心价值观,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 12 Inevitably they will do everything they can to preserve this faade prese

40、rve: maintain unchanged or intact 维持不变 faade: outward appearance 建筑物的正面; 外表,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 13 Dont engage in a personal cover-up of areas that are unpleasing in your life. engage in: be involved in, be occupied with 从事, 参加, 忙于 cover-up: covering up; concealing,Language Work

41、Difficult sentences,Para. 13 When its tough, do it tough. In other words, face reality and be adult in your responses to lifes challenges Paraphrase: face reality squarely (诚实直率地) and boldly, respond to lifes challenges and in a mature, suitable manner.,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 14 Sel

42、f-respect and a clear conscience are powerful components of integrity and are the basis for enriching your relationships with others. Paraphrase: for improving and developing your relationships with others,Language Work Difficult sentences,Para. 15 A life of principle, of not succumbing to seductive

43、 sirens of an easy morality, will always win the day. succumb to: yield to , give in to seductive sirens of an easy morality: the lure of the use of methods that bring the most immediate benefits, based on practical rather than moral considerations win the day: be successful, gain victories,siren,La

44、nguage Work Difficult sentences,Para. 15 It will take you forward into the 21st century without having to check your tracks in a rearview mirror. Paraphrase: unnecessaty to look back and examine the footmarks we have left behind.,怎样对自己诚实,我的爷爷和奶奶认为，你要么是诚实的，要么不是，不可能介于两者之间。 在他们起居室的墙上挂着一幅简单易懂的座右铭：“生活好像一

45、片刚刚落满白雪的土地；我走到哪里，我的每一个脚印就会出现在哪里。”他们无需就此加以评说一他们是以身体力行的方式来证实这幅座右铭的。 他们本能的理解是，诚实意味着具备一定的伦理道德标准，既不看风使舵，也不随着眼下的形势而转移。诚实是判断你行为的内在标准。遗憾的是，如今，诚实处在短缺状态甚至越来越稀罕。然而，它却是社会各个领域真正的思想底线，而且是我们必须要求自己严格做到的。 检验这种价值标准的一个有效方法是，参看我所指的诚实考验，其中包括三条主要原则：,在个人压力面前，要坚定信念；当你知道你做得对的时候，你就不能退缩。 对那些值得赞扬的人要常常给予肯定。切莫害怕那些可能有更好主意的或者那些可能比

46、你更聪明的人。 真诚、坦率地展示真实的你。那些缺乏真正的基本价值观念的人，为了使自己感觉良好而依靠外在因素相貌或社会地位；他们势必尽一切可能来保全这种表面形象，却很少会去培养自己内在的价值和注重个人的成长。 因此，要展示你的真面目。不要设法掩盖你生活中令人不快的方方面面。艰难时刻要顽强。换言之，要正视现实。面对生活的挑战，要老成持重，应付有方。 自尊和问心无愧是构成诚实的强有力的成分，是丰富你与他人关系的基础。 诚实意味着你之所以做你所做的事是因为你做的是对的，而不是因为这行为是时髦的或在政治上是正确的。始终能够赢得胜利的是那种坚持行为准则、不屈从于一种安逸伦理观诱惑的生活。这是我爷爷和奶奶给

47、我的教导。,Language Work Words and Expressions,motto 座右铭, 箴言 a short sentence or a few words taken as the guiding principle of a person, of a school, of an organization, etc. Olympic Motto: Swifter, Higher, Stronger Wuhan Universitys motto 校训: get bestirred, develop perseverance, aspire after truth and b

48、laze new trails. What is your motto?,demonstrate v.,1) prove or make clear a fact, esp. by reasoning or providing examples 证明；论证 e.g. Galileo demonstrated that objects of different weights fall at the same speed. 2) reveal or show clearly 清楚细致地显示, 表明, 说明 e.g. His curiosity and information about the

49、position he is seeking demonstrate his sincerity and potential in the job. 对所求职位的好奇心和所了解的有关信息展示了他的诚恳和工作潜力,demonstrate v.,3) to show or describe how to do something or how something works 展示, 示范, 演示 e.g. The salesperson plugged in (插上插头以接通电源) and demonstrated how to use the vacuum cleaner (真空吸尘器). 4)

50、 vi. to participate in a public march 示威 e.g. They demonstrated against tax increase. demonstration n.,sell out,1) sell all of what was for sale 全部售出, 售完 sell out (of) e.g. Weve completely sold out of those shirts in your size, sir. 2) be disloyal or unfaithful to ones principle or friends 出卖(朋友)，背弃

51、(原则) sell (sb.) out (to) e.g. The officer was charged with selling out to his enemy.,expediency (= expedience),1) being useful or helpful for a purpose, esp. ones own purpose or advantage, although not necessarily morally correct 私利,自身利害 e.g. The government operates on the basis of political expedie

52、nce, not of principle.,expediency (= expedience),2) something used to meet an urgent need 权宜之计 e.g. In short, the path of peaceful development taken by China is by no means an expediency. Rather, it is a fundamental choice and solemn commitment made by the Chinese government and people. 总之，坚持走和平发展道路

53、，不是权宜之计，而是中国政府和人民的郑重选择与庄严承诺。,at hand,1) near in place or time, about to occur 在附近; 即将到来 e.g. He lives close at hand. I could no longer doubt that a possibly fatal crisis was at hand. 我不再怀疑，一场可能是毁灭性的危机近在咫尺了。 2) within reach 在手边 e.g. When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary close at hand.,Compare:

54、,in hand: in ones possession and available for use 在手头, 现有; 在掌握中; 在控制中 e.g. I still have some money in hand. on hand: close by and ready when needed 在场; 可用 e.g. Our staff are always on hand to help. by hand: done or made by a person rather than a machine 用手, 人工完成 e.g. We had to wash our clothes by h

55、and.,ensure,(AmE insure) make sth. certain to happen e.g. All the necessary steps had been taken to ensure their safety. Take a taxi if you want to ensure that you catch the plane.,Compare,insure: to guarantee monetary compensation in case of loss 给.保险 e.g We insured the instrument for five thousand

56、 dollars. assure: to tell someone that something will definitely happen or is definitely true so that they are less worried 向保证,使确信,使放心 e.g. I can assure you of the reliability of the news. They assured us that the train would be on time.,account for,1) give or be a satisfactory explanation for 说明,

57、做出解释，提出理由 e.g. How do you account for all the accidents in series? 你怎么解释这接二连三地发生的事故呢? There is no accounting for taste. 萝卜白菜,各有所爱。 2) be the cause or origin of 导致,引起,是.的原因 e.g. Bad weather accounted for the long delay.,account for,3) to form a particular amount or part of something 占 e.g. Afro-Ameri

58、cans account for 12% of the US population.,back down,accept defeat in an argument, opinion, or claim; admit that one was wrong; to give up ones original stand, etc. 退却; 让步，放弃(原来的立场、主张、要求等） e.g. Both sides have refused to back down. Local residents have forced the local council to back down from / on

59、 its plans to build a nightclub in the city center.,credit,1) public approval or praise given to sb. because of sth. he has done 赞许；荣耀 e.g. They never give Gene any credit for all the extra work he does. Credit for this win goes to everybody in the team. 功劳 2) belief or trust in the truth or rightness of something 信任, 信用 e.g. Do you place any credit in the governments story?,credit,3) a system of buying goods or services and paying for them later 赊购货物 e.g. If yo