英语English非常实用的句子结构和句子成分

1、句 子 成 分,1. 名词；2. 代词； 3. 数词；4. 动名词；5. 不定式；6. 词组或复合结构；7. 从句；8. 名词化的其他词类，如： A foreign language is a weapon in the struggle of life. Living in that island country for three months was an unforgettable experience for me. Early to bed and early to rise makes a man healthy, happy and wise. Whether well go

2、depends on the weather.,一主语：句子所陈述的对象,To swim in the river is a great pleasure. Smoking does harm to the health. The rich should help the poor. When we are going to have an English test has not been decided. It is necessary to master a foreign language.,（三）谓语,谓语 (Predicate) : 动词在句中作谓语，一般放在主语之后。谓语的构成如

3、下： 1、简单谓语：由一个动词或动词短语构成。如： He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten oclock.,（三）谓语,2、复合谓语： （1）由情态动词加动词原形构成。如： You may keep the book for two weeks. （2）由助动词加动词原形,动词的进行时态,动词的完成时态构成。如： Do you speak English？ They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. （3）由系动词加表语构成。如： We are

4、students. 注意：谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。,三、表语：表语位于系动词后面，用来修饰主语，又叫主语补足语,She was the first to learn about it. The weather has turned cold. That idea sounds good. The weather gets colder and colder. Time is pressing. Lets hurry up. Nancys job is to teach English. She remains very young/ a teacher. His face turn

5、s / grows red. My idea is that we should stick to our original plan.,系动词有：,1.Be动词：be “是” / 补充：There be/ stands/ lies/ lives 2.感官动词，“起来” sound/ look (seem)/ feel/ taste/ smell/ appear(显得) 3.表示变化， “变得，变成” become, get, turn, go, fall, grow 4. 表示保持， “保持，仍是”remain, keep, stay,He is doing his homework. He

6、 pretended not to see me. I enjoy listening to popular music. Did you write down what she said? The heavy rain prevented me from coming to school on time. I think (that) he is fit for his office.,四、宾语：动词所表达的内容。,五、宾语补足语,用来补充说明宾语，使意思变得完整,If you let me go, Ill make you king. Leave the door open. We fou

7、nd John out when we arrived. Make yourself at home. I saw him enter the hall. The boss keeps them working all day. I heard my name called.,His words moved everyone present. We belong to the third world. He is reading an article about how to learn English. This is indeed a most pressing problem. Ther

8、e are two things to be discussed today. the interests of the people / a man of good temper / a child of five She is the girl who sings best in my class.,六、定语：用来修饰名词或代词,They were greatly touched to hear the old mans story. They did everything they could to save the boys life. I said it in fun. (介词短语)

9、 They all rushed over, eager to help. (形容词) They returned, tired and hungry. (形容词) We are working day and night .(词组) He came up shouldering a spade. (分词) We completed the work five days ahead of time. Seeing this, some students became very worried.,七、状语：用来修饰动词，形容词，副词或整个句子,（九）同位语（Appositive）对前面的名词或代

10、词做进一步的解释，通常由名词、数词、代词或从句担任，如： This is Mr. Zhou, our headmaster. （十）插入语（Parenthesis）对一句话做一些附加的解释，通常有to be honest , I think (suppose, believe-)等，如： To be frank, I dont quite agree with you.,一、 陈述句： She arrived quite early. (事实) / She may have arrived now. (看法) 二、疑问句： 1一般疑问句： Has the factory gone into p

11、roduction? Shall I turn on the TV? 2特殊疑问句： Which colour do you prefer? How much is this table-cloth? 3选择疑问句： 一般疑问句 + or + 第二个选择: Are you an Englishman or an American? 特殊疑问句 + 选择部分: Which do you prefer, red wine or white? 4反意（或附加）疑问句： You are not going out today, are you? Yes, I am. / No, Im not.,句 子

12、 种 类,三、祈使句： Be sure to get here before nine. You do it right now. 四、感叹句： what + 感叹句： What a noble-hearted man he was! What good news it is! how + 感叹句： How well she dances! How fast they are working!,按句子的结构层次可分三种： 1）简单句：只有一个主语（或并列主语）和一个谓语（或并列谓语）。 e.g. He often reads English in the morning. Tom and Mi

13、ke are American boys. She likes drawing and often draws pictures for the wall newspapers.,句 子 结 构,2) 并列句：由并列连词（and, but, or等）或分号（；）把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起构成。 e.g. You help him and he helps you. The future is bright; the road is tortuous. 前途是光明的，道路是曲折的。 3）复合句：含有一个或一个以上从句的句子。复合句包含：名词性从句（主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）

14、、定语从句和状语从句等。 e.g. The foreign visitors took a lot of pictures when they were at the Great Wall.,主+谓 e.g. We work. 主+谓+宾 e.g Henry bought a dictionary. 主+系动+表 e.g. He is a student. 主+谓+双宾 e.g. My father bought me a car. 5. 主+谓+宾+宾补 e.g. Tom made the baby laugh.,（二）简单句的五种基本句型,注：其他各种句子都可由这一种基本句型扩展、变化或省

15、略而构成。,主谓结构与高考书面表达,2. Quite a few changes have taken place. (99),4. Whats more, I can go to bed earlier. (01),3. The car didnt stop but drove off at great speed heading west. (00),1. He fell with a cry. (00),主谓结构 本结构是由主语加不及物的谓语动词构成, 常用来表示主语的动作。 如：The sun rises. Tom has already left. 主语可有修饰语-定语，谓语可有修饰

16、语-状语。,如: 1. The red sun rises in the east. 2. So they had to travel by air or boat. 3.We got up early so as to catch the first bus. 4. She sat there alone, reading a novel. 5. He came back when we were eating. 6.Weak buildings will fall down in an earthquake, but strong ones may stay up.,Exercise: T

17、ranslate the following sentences using the proper sentence structure. 、S(主） + Vi（不及物动词）（谓） 做题技巧：先找出中文主语和谓语 1.事故是昨天晚上发生的。 2.在温度temperature控制方面没有严重问题。（There be 结构） 3.自由女神像the Statue of Liberty屹立在自由岛the Liberty Island上。（There be 结构）,The accident happened yesterday evening.,There is no serious problem t

18、o control the temperature.,There stands the Statue of Liberty on Liberty Island.,There lives / sits / stands,1她昨天回家很晚。 2会议将持续两个小时。 3在过去的十年里，我的家乡已经发生了巨大变化 41919年，在北京爆发了“五.四”运动。 5每天八时开始上课。 6这个盒子重五公斤。,1. She went home very late yesterday evening.,2. The meeting will last two hours.,3. Great changes hav

19、e taken place in my home town in the past ten years.,4. The May Fourth Movement broke out in Beijing in 1919.,5. Classes begin at eight every day.,6. This box weighs five kilos.,7五年前我住在北京。 8秋天有些鸟飞到南方去。 9我的爷爷早晨起得很早。 10. 每天下午有许多学生到图书馆来借书。,9. My grandfather gets up early in the morning.,10.Every aftern

20、oon a lot of students come to the library to borrow books.,8.In autumn, some birds fly to the south.,7.I lived in Beijing five years ago.,主谓宾结构与高考书面表达,1. Now I have more free time. (01),2. In the evenings I can watch news on TV or read newspapers. (01),3. About two minutes later I stopped a passing

21、car (00),4. We have also planted a lot of trees in and around the school. (99),主谓宾结构,本结构是由主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语构成。 宾语成分的多样化使得这一结构异常复杂。,如：1. Tom made a hole in the wall. 2. I dont know if he can come tomorrow. 3. They havent decided where to go next. 4. She stopped teaching English two years ago. 5. It took

22、them ten years to build the dam. 7. Mother promises to give me a present.,. S (主）+ Vt （及物动词）（谓）+ O（宾） 医生surgeon（已经）决定给他动手术perform an operation on sb。 你可以把书放在书包里。 我更喜欢prefer to做网页web pages。 我记得出来前把门锁上lock了remember doing sth。,The surgeon has decided to perform an operation on him.,You can put the book

23、s in your bag.,I prefer to make web pages.,I remember locking the door before leaving my room.,巩固练习：,1昨晚我写了一封信。 2今天下午我想同你谈谈。 3这本书他读过多次了。 4他们成功地完成了carry out计划。 5那位先生能流利地说三种语言。,1. I wrote a letter last night.,2. I want to talk with you this afternoon.,3. He has read this book many times.,4. They have

24、carried out the plan successfully.,5. That gentleman can speak three languages fluently.,6我收到了笔友从澳大利亚寄来的信。 7Jim 还不会自己穿衣服。 8我们大家都相信Jack 是一个诚实男孩。 9. 他不知道说什麽好。 10. 我开窗户你在意mind吗？,6. I received a letter from my penfriend in Australia.,7. Jim cannot dress himself.,8. All of us believe that Jack is an hone

25、st boy.,9. He did not know what to say.,10. Do you mind my opening the window?,1. You are right. (99),2. The playground is now in front of the school. (99),5. 60% of the students are against the idea of entrance fees. (02),4. Opinions are divided on the question. (02),3. It was 7:15 on the morning o

26、f February 8, 2000. (00),主系表句型与高考书面表达,主系表结构 本结构是由主语+系动词+表语组成，主要用以说明主 语的特征，类属，状态，身份等。,1. As in China, the weather is different from area to area.,主系表句型：,2. We are greatly surprised to meet him there.,3. It is not a good idea to spend your vacation with strangers.,4. It is kind of you to say so.,5. It

27、 is not easy for them to go there by bike.,6. Is it Tom who is playing the piano?,7. It is a fact that they cant pass the exam.,Our Chinese teacher is forty eight years old.,The cake tastes delicious.,We are used to living in big cities.,The potatoes went bad in the fields.,Their boss seems satisfie

28、d with the work.,Deep water stays still.,III. S (主）+ V （谓）(系动词)+ P(表语) 做题技巧：先找出中文主语和系动词 1.这种食物吃起来很糟糕（terrible, taste) 2.不要吃那种食物，已经变质了(go) 3.我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚(谦虚的modest) 4.中秋节吃月饼是一种传统习俗(It is a to do sth.) 5. 我真正喜欢的是他的品质和才华(用be 动词；品质quality,才华talent),1.This kind of food tastes terrible.,This kind of foo

29、d tastes terrible.,Dont have the food. It has gone bad,We should remain modest at any time.,It is a traditional custom to eat moon-cakes during the Mid-Autumn Festival.,What I really like is his quality and his talent.,巩固练习： 1冬季白天短，夜晚长 2十五岁他就成为有名的钢琴家了。 3孩子们很少保持安静。 4她的工作是在幼儿园nursery里照看儿童。,In winter,

30、the days are short and the nights are long.,At the age of fifteen, he became a famous pianist.,Children seldom keep quiet.,Her job is to look after the children in the nursery.,5他失业了。 6树叶已经变黄了 7这个报告听起来很有意思,He is out of work.,The leaves have turned yellow.,The report sounds interesting,4. 主+谓 +双宾（间宾+

31、直宾） 1). My father gave me a gift. 2). She made herself a new dress. 谓语动词一般只限于某些双宾语及物动词，它们可以分为两类; 第一类可以改为由 to 引导的短语；第二类可以改为由 for引导的短语。 第一类(to)： give, show, send, bring, offer, read, pass, lend, leave, tell, hand, return, write, pay, throw, allow, wish, teach, promise, owe, refuse等。 第二类(for)： make, bu

32、y, do, fetch, get, paint, play, save, reserve, spare, order, cook, sing, find等。 当间接宾语和直接宾语都是代词时： He gave it to me. Ill lend them to you.,. S (主）+ VT （谓）+ In O（间接 宾） + D O（直接 宾） 一位朋友给我带来了一本关于野生动物的教科书 2. 只要你不失去信心，我会给你提供机会的。 3. 你能建议我服哪种药吗？,A friend brought me a textbook of /about wild animals.,Ill offe

33、r you a good chance as long as you dont lose heart.,Can you advise me which medicine to take?,1.Mr Johnson taught us German last year. 2.Grandma told me an interesting story last night. 3.Would you please pass me the dictionary? 4.He showed the ticket to the conductor. 5.Shall I call you a taxi? 6.T

34、he new machine will save you a lot of labour. 7.He bought a new coat for his mother with his first months salary.,1Johnson 先生去年教我们德语。,2奶奶昨晚给我们讲了一个有趣的故事。,3请把那本字典递给我好吗？,4他把车票给列车员看。,5我替你叫辆出租汽车好吗？,6新式机器将会为你节省许多劳动。,7他用他的第一个月工资给他妈妈买了一件毛衣。,巩固练习：,英语基本句型5 复合宾语结构 说明: 此结构由“主语+及物的谓语动词+宾语+宾语补足语”构成。宾语与宾语补足语之间有逻辑上

35、的主谓关系或主表关系，若无宾语补足语，则句意不够完整。可以用做宾补的有：名词，形容词，副词，介词短语，动词不定式，分词等。如： The sun keeps us warm. I heard him singing. You must get your hair cut. They made Tom monitor. He used to do his homework with his radio on. 用 it 做形式宾语，而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面，以使句子结构平衡，是英语常用的句型结构方式。即：主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语。如： I found it very pleasa

36、nt to be with your family.,、S (主）+ VT（谓）+ O（宾） + O C（宾补） 他把墙漆成白色。 国家动物研究所宣布这种老虎为濒临灭绝的动物。 母亲告诉他不要在街上玩。 新方法使这项工作变得轻松. 俚语使得英语更为丰富多彩。,He painted the wall white.,The National Institute of Animals declared the tiger an endangered species.,His mother told him not to play on the street.,New methods make the

37、 job easy.,Slang makes the English language more colorful.,巩固练习： 1我们叫她Alice. 2我们大家都认为他是诚实的。 3他们把小偷释放了。 4我要你把真相告诉我。 5 .卫兵命令我们立即离开。 6. 每天早晨我们都听到他大声朗读英语。 7他每个月理一次发 8我们不会让她在晚上外出的。,We call her Alice.,All of us considered him honest.,They have set the thief free.,I want you to tell me the truth.,The guard

38、s ordered us to leave at once.,Every morning we hear him read English aloud.,We wont let her go out at night.,We wont let her go out at night.,9那可怕的声音把孩子们吓坏了 10她正在听人家讲故事。 11我从来没看见这个字这样用过。 12他感到很难跟你交谈。 13我认为有可能用另一种方法解题。 14学校定了一条规则，开始上课时学生要起立。,The terrible sound made the children frightened.,She is listening to someone telling stories.,I have never seen the word used that way before.,He felt it very difficult to talk with you.,I consider it possible to work out t