英语中主动表被动情况小结

1、英语中主动表被动情况小结,主动表被动：指形式无被动结构而含被动意义的主动形式，即句中某个名词或代词与某个动词存在逻辑动宾关系或为被动关系，用主动结构表被动意思。小结如下：,一、谓语动词用主动表被动的五种情形 (1) 某些连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste, prove, turn out等)要用主动表被动，因为连系动词没有被动语态形式： That dog looks dangerous. Your idea sounds good . My advice proved (to be) wrong.,（2）某些可以和well, easily, smooth

2、ly等副词连用的动词如read, write, wash, clean, draw, burn, cook, sell, lock, open, shut,且主语是非生命的名词或代词,用主动结构表被动意思,e.g. This kind of book sells well. The pen writes smoothly. The cloth washes well. The poem reads smoothly. The table doesnt clean easily. This kind of rice cooks more easily than that kind.,（3）某些表

3、示开始和结束的动词(begin, start, end等)，当主语为事物且不强调动作的执行者时，可用主动语态表示被动意义。 When does the concert begin? 音乐会什么时候开始？ The play ended at ten oclock. 戏10点钟结束。,（4）一些不及物动词或短语是不用被动的，如：happen , take place ,come about , break out , date back to，belong to 等 1.Great changes have taken place in the village recently. 2.Two wo

4、rld wars broke out last century. 3.A fire broke out in the hospital in the mid-night. 4.Can you tell me how the accident came about? The story happened in 2003. 5.A car accident happened to her this morning?,(5)当need/want/require/deserve等动词后的动词用v-ing形式时,用主动结构表被动意思,相当于to be done, e.g. My watch needs

5、repairing（to be repaired）. The house wants painting （to be painted）.,二、非谓语动词用主动表被动的几种情形 (1) 不定式to blame, to let, to seek用作表语时，通常要用主动形式表示被动意义： Who is to blame? 该怪谁呢？ He shouldnt be to blame for the accident. 他不该为此次事故负责。 A better way is yet to seek. 还得找一种更好的办法。,(2) 某些“名（代）be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表

6、示被动意义： The question is difficult to answer. 这问题很难回答。 Your writing is impossible to read. 你的书写没法认。 Do you think the water is safe to drink? 你认为这水喝起来安全吗? He is easy to get along with. 他很好相处。,【注】 有时形容词后跟有名词，在名词后用作定语的不定式用主动形式表示被动意义： Its a difficult book to read. It is a pleasant thing to remember.,在该结构中

7、，不定式动词必须是及物动词，如果是不及物动词，需加上适当的介词。 The chair is comfortable to sit in.,(3) 不定式在某些动词(如have, have got, get, want, need等)的宾语后作定语时，如果不定式的逻辑主语就是句子的主语，则要用主动形式表示被动意义： I have some letters to write. 我有一些信要写。 I want something to drink. 我想喝点什么。 I want to get something to read. 我想找点东西看。,【注】如果不定式的逻辑主语不是句子的主语，则应用被动

8、式，比较： I have something to type. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指自己打字) I have something to be typed. 我有些东西要打(字)。(指请人打字),(4) 不定式用于with复合结构时，主动表被动 例:With a lot of work to do , he will be busy all day. With many things to buy, he went to the supermarket.,（5）be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。如： In all, the book is worth reading. 总之，这本书

9、值得一读。 This might be worth thinking about. 这可能值得考虑。 【注】与worth相似的worthy却不一样，其后不接动名词而接不定式(若接动名词则其前应有介词of)，且要用被动式表示被动含义。如： This book is worthy to be read of being read. 这本书值得一读。,三、介词短语用主动表被动的四种情形： “in+名词” / “under+名词”短语/ on+名词” The new music hall is under construction. Your proposal is under considerati

10、on. Is the machine still in action? When was paper money in use in China? The building is on fire. Every article on view will be on sale. 【注】这类表达中的名词前通常没有冠词，且该名词一般都具有动作意义。如 ，under attack，under discussion， under examination，under repair(在修缮中) in sight(看得见)，in (good) repair(维修良好的)，in store(贮藏着)on sale

11、 on trial(在试用)，on display(在展出)，on show(在展出)，on exhibition(在展出)等。,有些类似的短语有the表被动，无the表主动： in charge of 负责 in the charge of 由负责 in possession of 拥有 in the possession of 被拥有 1.The factory is in the charge of my brother. 2.Mary is in charge of the children. 3.A single man in possession of a good fortune, must be in want of a wife. We are in possession of your opinion. 4.This car is in the possession of Mr. Smith.,In those cases there was often a way to get the 29 baby back. You could 30 the Changeling on the fire-then it would rise up the chimney, and you would hear th