词汇学词构成

1、Chapter 3 word-formation,1.Ag,act(L)=to do,to drive e.g ag-ent, ag-itate,act-ive ,transact 小练习：猜测下列词义： Coact, counteract, retroact(retro-=backward) 2.am,amat(L)=to love e.g. aminable(可爱的),amateur(业余爱好),amour(恋爱,偷情) 小练习：猜测下列词义： unamiable, amorist 3. anim(L)=life e.g animate, animal, longanimity(持久) 小

2、练习：猜测下列词义(in=not; -cule=small thing;) Inanimate, animalcule, reanimate 4.ann,enn(L)=year e.g annu-al(每年的) semi-annual(半年) 小练习：猜测下列词义： millennial(mille-=thousand), centennium(cent-=hundred),5.anthrop(GK)=man e.g anthop-ology(人类),anthropoid（类人的）,anyhropogenesis（人类起源学和发展学） 小练习：猜猜下列词义： Antheropogeograph

3、y,anthroposociology 6.arch(GK)=rule e.g. an-archy（an-(a-)=no）无秩序,mon-archy(mon-=one,alone)国王, olig-archy（olig-=few）寡头政治architect(建筑设计师) 小练习：猜测下列词义： patriarch (patri=father), matriarch(matri=mother) 7. aud,audit(L)= to hear e.g audit-orium(-orium=place)礼堂，aud-ible(-ible=capable of being)听得见的 小练习：猜测下列

4、词义： audiphone,audiotypist 8.aug,auct,auth(l)=to increase e.g.aug-ment(-ment v.)增加，auct-ion(-ion=the act) 小练习：猜测下列词义：aug-ust(-ust=the most),9.bi,bio(GK)=lifee.g.bio-logy(-logy=branch of science）生物学，bio-cide（-cide=that which kills）杀虫剂，bio-chemistry（-chemistry）生物化学小练习：猜测下列词义：micro-be(be是bi的异体)，microbi-

5、an(an=of)10.cad,cas,cid(L)=to fall,to befalle.g.de-cad-ent(de-down,-ent=-ing)堕落的，cas-ual（-u;-al=having the quality）偶然的小练习：猜测下列词义：in-cid-ent(in-on,upon;-ent=thing)，de-cid-uous(de-=off,-u-;-ous=having the quality),de-cay(de-=down,cay(cad的变形)11.cap,capt,cept,ceive(L)=to takee.g.cap-able(-able=able)有才能的

6、，cap-acious(-acious=having the nature)容量大的，re-ceive(re-=back)收到，de-ceive(de-=away)欺骗小练习：猜测下列词义：anti-cip-ate(anti-=before,-ate=to take before),pre-cept(pre-=before)12.ced,ceed,cess(L)=to goe.g.ante-ced-ent(ante-=before,-ent=-ing)先行的，ante-cess-or(ante-=before,-or=preson)先行者，pro-ceed(pro-=forward)前进小练习

7、：猜测下列词义：re-cede(re-=backward),se-cede(se-=apart),13.centr(GKL)=the middle pointe.g.centre中心,centric(-ic=having)有中心的，concentric（con-=together,-ic=having）同心的小练习：猜测下列词义：con-centr-ate(con-=together,-ate=to cause to be),decentralize(de-=to undo)14.cern,cret(L)=to separatee.g.con-cern(con-=throughly)关心，关系

8、，dis-cern(dis-=apart)认出小练习：猜测下列词义：dis-crete(dis-=apart)15.cid,cis(L)=to cute.g.decide(de-=away,-eto cut away)决定，precise（pre-=beforehand）明确的，excide（ex-=out，away）切开小练习：猜测下列词义：undecided,suicide(sui=oneself)16.claim,clam(L)=to call oute.g.de-claim(de-=completely)演讲，re-claim(re-back)改造小练习：猜测下列词义：ac-claim

9、(ac-,ad-=to),clam-our(-our=the state),17.clud,clus(L)=to shut or closee.g.con-clud-e(con-,com-=thoroughly)结束，决定，in-clude(in-=in)包住，包括小练习：猜测下列词义：ex-clude(ex-=out),pre-clude(pre-=beforehand)18.cord(L)=hearte.g.ac-cord(ac-,ad-=towards)一致，con-cord(con-,com-=together)同心，小练习：猜测下列词义：re-cord(re-=back),cord-

10、ial(-i-,-al=pertaining to)19.cresc,cret,cre(L)=to growe.g.cresc-ent(-ent=the state)月牙，in-crease(in-=into)增长小练习：猜测下列词义：de-crease(de-=downward),in-cre-ment(in-=into,-ment=the result)20.cub,cumb(L)=to lie downin-cumb-ent(in-=upon,-ent=-ing)作为责任的，suc-cumb(suc-,sub-=under)屈服,in-cub-ate(in-=on,-ate=to cau

11、se)孵卵，使发展小练习：猜测下列词义：in-cub-us(in-=upon,-us=thing),cub-icle(-icle=small thing),21.cult(L)=to tille.g.cult-iv-ate(-iv,-ate=to make capable of)耕作，改进，cult-ur(-ure=the act or result)耕作，培养，文明，eapi-culture(api,api=bee)养蜂业，小练习：猜测下列词义：uncultured,uncultivated22.cur(r),curs,cours(L)=to rune.g.oc-cur(oc-,ob-=to

12、wards)出现，curr-ent(-ent=-ing)流行的，re-cours-e(re-=back,-e“running back or return”)追索权小练习：猜测下列词义：countercurrent,undercurrent23.cur（L）=caree.g.cur-ious(-i;-ous=causing)奇怪的，ac-cur-ate(ac-,ad-=to,-ate=having)准确的,se-cure(se-=apart)安心的，安全的小练习：猜测下列词义：incurable,incurability24.cycl(GK)=circlee.g.cycle(cycl=circ

13、le)循环，bi-cycle(bi-=two)自行车，hemi-cycle(hemi=half)半圆形小练习：猜测下列词义：recycle,25.dem，demo(GK)=the peoplee.g.demo-crat(-crat=supportor of a government)民主主义者，demo-cracy(-cracy=power)统治,en-dem-ic(en-in,-ic=being)地方性的，小练习：猜测下列词义： pan-dem-ic(pan-=whole,-ic=pertaining to)，undemocratic,democratization26.dic,dict(L

14、)=to saye.g.in-dic-ate(in-=towards,-ate“to say towards something”)表明，dic-tate(-ate=to do)口述，e-dict(e-,ex-=out from)法令小练习：猜测下列词义： dictatress,predictor,predictable27.doc,doct(L)=to teache.g.doc-ument(-u-,-ment=thing)文件,doc-trine(-ine=something done)教条,小练习：猜测下列词义： doc-ile（-ile=capable of）易管教的28.duc,duc

15、t(L)= to leade.g.con-duct(con-表加强词义)引导，e-duc-ate(e-,ex-=out of; -ate“to lead out of”)教育，in-duct(in-=into)使正式加入小练习：猜测下列词义： self-education,underproduction,non-conduction,semiconductor,29.equ(L)=even,equale.g.equ-ate(-ate=to make)使相等，ad-equ-ate(ad-=to,-ate=being)胜任的，equ-able(-able=able to be)平稳的小练习：猜测下

16、列词义： unequable,unequivocal,inadequate,equilibrator30.fac,fact,fect(L)to do,to makee.g.fac-ile(-ile=able or easy to be)熟练的，fact-or(-or=thing)因素，de-fect(de-=away,down)背叛小练习：猜测下列词义： in-fect(in-=into),per-fect(per-=throughout),ef-fect(ef-,ex-=out)31.fer(L)=to carry,to bring to beare.g.con-fer(con-,com-=

17、together)协商，dif-fer(dif-.dis-=apart)不同，of-fer（of-，ob-=towards）提供小练习：猜测下列词义： re-fer(re-=back),suf-fer(suf-，sub-=under),transfer(trans-=across)32.fid(L)=to truste.g.fid-elity(-elity=the quality)忠诚，con-fide(con-,com-=completely，-e “to trust completely”)信任,fideism(fide=faithe,ism=belief or doctrine)小练习：

18、猜测下列词义： in-fid-el(in-=not,-el,-al=having the quality),per-fid-ious(per-=through,to destruction,-i-,-ous=causing),33.fin(L)=end,limite.g.fin-al（-al=of）最后的,fin-ish（-ish,-ise=bring to）结束，fin-ite(-ite=having)有限的小练习：猜测下列词义： unconfined,undefined34.flu,flux(L)=to folwe.g.flu-id(-id=having the quality)l流动的，

19、flu-ent(-ent=-ing)流畅，ef-flu-ent(ef-,ex-=out,-ent=-ing)流出的小练习：猜测下列词义： re-flu-ent(re-=back,-ent=-ing)，super-flu-ous(-ous=having the quality)35.form(L)=shape;to forme.g.form-al(-al=of)表面的，in-form(in-=in,form=to give form to)告知，de-form(de-=away)使变形小练习：猜测下列词义： inform,reformer,deformer,transformer36.fort,

20、forc(L)=stonge.g.ef-fort(ef-,ex-=out)努力，fort-ify(-ify=to make)设防，加强，fort-itude(-i-,-tude=the quality)刚毅小练习：猜测下列词义： discomfort,uncomfortable,unfortified,unforced,37.frag,fract(L)=to breake.g.frag-ile(-ile=easy to be)易破的，frag-ment(-ment=the result)碎片，fract-ure(-ure=the act or state)小练习：猜测下列词义：frangibl

21、e,frangibility,infrangile,infrangibility38.fund,found,fus(L)=to melt,to pour e.g.re-fund（re-=back）归还，found-ry(-ry,-ery=place),con-found(con-together)使混乱小练习：猜测下列词义： effuse(ef-，ex-=out,-e“to pour out”),refuse(re-=back,-e“to pour out”)39.gen,gener(GK,L)=birth,racee.g.gen-ius(-ius=the quality)天资，gen-uin

22、e(-u-,-ine=connected with)生来的，gener-al(-al=relating to)小练习：猜测下列词义：gen-esis(-esis=the act or state),gen-etic(-etic=of) ,eu-gen-ic(eu-=fine,-ic=of)40.ger,gest(L)=to carrye.g.belli-ger-ent(bell-=war,-i-,;ger=to carry or wage,-ent=-ing)交战中的,di-gest(di,dis=away)消化，sug-gest(sug-,sub-=under)建议小练习：猜测下列词义：ge

23、st-ure(-ure=the act),in-gest(in-=into),41.gons,gint,gniz(L,GK)=to knowe.g.dia-gnos-e(dia-=through,gnos=to know,-e“to know through inquiry”)诊断，co-gnit-ion(con-=completely,-ion=the act)认识，a-gnos-tic(a-=not,-tic=of)不可知论的小练习：猜测下列词义：incog-gnit-o(in-=not,co-=conpletely,o=-ing),pro-gnosis(pro-=forward)42.g

24、rad,gress(L)=to stepe.g.grad-ual(-u-,-al=of)逐步的，grad-uate(-u-,-ate=to make or take)毕业，aggress(ag-,ad-=toward)挑衅小练习：猜测下列词义：pro-gress(pro-=forward),con-gress(con-=together),regress(re-=backward)43.gram(GK)=written charactere.g.gramm-ar(gramm=letter,-ar=thing)语法，pro-gram(pro-=forward)方案，tele-gram(tele-

25、=distant)电报小练习：猜测下列词义：kilogram(kilo=thousand),gram-atom（atom原子）,gram-molecule(molecule分子)44.grat(L)=pleasing,thankfule.g.con-grat-ulate(con-,com-=together-ul,-ate=wo make)祝贺,grat-eful(-e-,-ful=hving the quality)有性质的小练习：猜测下列词义：grat-uity(-u-,-ity=thing with quality),in-grat-iate(in-=into,-i-,-ate=to m

26、ake),45.it(L)=to goe.g.amb-it-ion(amb-=round,-ion=-ing)强烈欲望，ex-it(ex-out)出去，trans-it(trans-=across)通过小练习：猜测下列词义：circu-it(circu=ring),in-it-al(in-=in,-i-,-al=of),in-it-iate(in-=in,-i-.-ate=to make)46.jac,ject(L)= to throwe.g.ad-jac-ent(ad-=to,next to,-ent=-ing)邻近的，in-ject(in-=into)注射,pro-ject(pro-=fo

27、rward)投射小练习：猜测下列词义：e-ject(e-,ex-=out),re-ject(re-=back),ad-ject-ive(ad-=to,-ive=being)47.junct,join(L)=to connecte.g.con-junct-ion(con-,com-=together,-ion=the act or state)连接，junct-rure(-ure=the state)交界处，dis-junct-ive(dis-=not,-ive=having the quality)分离的小练习：猜测下列词义：in-junct-ion(in-=in,-ion=the act),

28、ad-junct(ad-=to),sub-junct-ive(sub-=under,-ive=having the quality)48.jur,just(L)=law,righte.g.jur-ist(-ist=person engaged in)律师,in-jur-y(in-=not,-y=the result)损害，just-ify(-ify= to cause)证明正当或有理小练习：猜测下列词义：just-ice(-ice=the quality),ad-just（ad-=to）,49.lat(L)=to carry,to bring,to beare.g.trans-lat-e(tr

29、ans-=fromto,-e“to carry an idea from a language to another”)翻译，re-lat-e(re-=back,again,-e “to bring back in mind so as to say again”)叙述；联系小练习：猜测下列词义：super-lat-ive(super-=abve,-ive=having the quality),ab-lat-ion(ab-=away,-ion=the act),il-lat-ion(il-=to,-ion=the act)50.leg,lig.lect(L)to choosee.g.col-

30、lect(col-,com-=together)收集，e-lect(e-,ex-=out)选举，se-lect(se-=apart)选择小练习：猜测下列词义：neg-lect(neg-=not),intel-lect-ual(intel-,inter-=among,-u-,-al=of),e-leg-ant(e-,ex-=out,-ang=being)51.loc(L)=palcee.g.loc-al(-al=of)地方的,loc-ate(-ate=to make or put into)是设置于，loc-o-mot-ive(-o-,mot=to move,-ive=capable of )运

31、动的小练习：猜测下列词义：al-loc-ate(al-,ad-=to,-ate=to make or put),col-loc-ate(col-,com-=together,-ate=to put)52.log,logue(GK)=speech,reasone.g.log-ic(-ic=the science or art of)逻辑学，dia-logue(dia-=between)对话，apo-log-ize(apo-=away,off,-ize=to make)道歉小练习：猜测下列词义：ilogic,illogical,53.loqu,locut(L)=to speake.g.e-loqu

32、-ent(e-,ex-=out,l-ent=having the quality)雄辩的，e-locut-ion(e-,ex-=out,-ion=the act or manner of)演说小练习：猜测下列词义：col-loqu-ial(col-,com-=tother,-i-,-al=of),inter-locut-or(inter-among,or=person)54.lud,lus(L)=to play or mocke.g.il-lus-ion(il-,in-=in,-ion=the state)错觉,lud-icrous(-icrous,-ous=having the qualit

33、y)滑稽有趣的小练习：猜测下列词义：e-lud-e(e-,ex-=out,-e“to play out of the rule”),col-lud-e(-=together,-e “to play together”)55.man,manu(L)=hande.g.manu-al(-al=pertaining to)手工制作的，mann-er(mann,man=hand,er=the mood)方式,man-age(-age=to do)操纵小练习：猜测下列词义： man-acle（-acle=small thing）,main-tain(main-=man的异体,tain=to

34、 hold)56.medi(L)=middlee.g.im-medi-ate(im-.in-=not,without,-ate=having)即刻的，medi-ate(-ate=to act)调解,mendi-an(-an=belonging to)当中的小练习：猜测下列词义：modbrain,midland,midmost,57.min(L)=smaller,lesse.g.min-ute(-ute=thing)一分钟，minor-ity(minor=smaller,-ity=the quality)少数，di-min-ish(di,dis-=apart,-ish=to make)较少的小练

35、习：猜测下列词义：minibus,minicab58.mit,miss(L)=to sende.g.ad-mit(ad-=to)接纳，com-mit(com-表示加强词义)把送押,dis-miss(dis-away)打发走小练习：猜测下列词义：miss-ile(-ile=capable of)，e-mit(e-,ex-=out),per-mit(per-=through)59.mort(L)=deathe.g.im-mort-al(im-,in-not,mortal必死的)长久的，mort-gage(gage=pledge)抵押协议，mort-ify(-i-,-fy=to make)羞辱小练习

36、：猜测下列词义：immortalization,nonmortal,mortally60.mov.mot,mob(L)=to movee.g.re-move(re-=back)移走，e-mot-ion(e-,ex-=out,-ion=the act)冲动，mob-ile(-ile=able to)运动的小练习：猜测下列词义：automobile,mobilization,commove,locomove,61.nasc,nat(L)=to be borne.g.nat-ion(-ion=the state)国民，nat-ive(-ive=characterized)本国的，pre-nat-al

37、(pre-=before,-al=of)胎教小练习：猜测下列词义：international,internationalism62.not(L)=to get to knowe.g.not-ice(-ice=things)注意，not-ion(-ion=the state or result)概念，not-ify(-ify=to know)宣布小练习：猜测下列词义： notebook,footnote63.ord,ordin(L)=ordere.g.ord-er(-er=the way)整齐，命令，ordin-al(ordin=order,-al=of)顺序的,ord-ain(-ain=to

38、do)命令小练习：猜测下列词义：reorder,preorder64.part(L)=parte.g.a-part(a-=in)分离着，de-part(de-=away)离开小练习：猜测下列词义：part-ner(-ner=person),im-part(im-,in-=in),65.pati,pass(L)=to suffer or enduree.g.pati-ent(-ent=-ing)忍耐的，pati-ence(-ence=the ability)忍耐，com-pati-ble(com-=together,-ble-able to)兼容的小练习：猜测下列词义：pass-ion(-ion

39、=the result),pass-ive(-ive=tending to),pass-ible(-ible=easy)66.patri,patern(GK)=father,fatherlande.g.patri-arch(-arch=ruler)家长，patri-ot(-ot=person or native)爱国者，ex-patri-ate(ex-=out of,-ate=to cause to be)流放小练习：猜测下列词义：patricide,unpatriotic67.pel,puls(L)=to drive ,to -pel(com-表加强词义)迫使，re-pel(re-=back

40、)击退,ex-pel(ex-=out)驱出小练习：猜测下列词义：re-pluse(re-=back),pro-pel(pro-=forward)68.pend,pens(L)=to hang,to weigh,to paye.g.de-pend(de-=down)依靠，in-dependent(in-=not)独立的，sus-pend(sus-,sub-吊；暂停)小练习：猜测下列词义：ap-pend(ap-,ad-=to),ex-pend(ex-=out),69.pet,petit(L)=to seek to strivee.g.ap-petent(ap-,ad,=to,ent-=-ing)渴

41、望的，petit-ion(-ion=the act)请求，im-pet-us(im-.in-=into,on,-us=thing)动力小练习：猜测下列词义：incompetent,inappetence70.ple,plet,plen(L)-ple-ment(com-=together,-ment=the means)补充，plen-ty(-ty=the state)充分小练习：猜测下列词义：plenipotence,plenilune71.plic,plicate,ply(L)=to ben or folde.g.ap-ply(ap-,ad-=to)运用，申请，im-ply(im-,in-=

42、in)暗指，re-ply(re-=back)回复小练习：猜测下列词义：com-ply(com-=together),ex-plic-ate(ex-out,-ate=to make)72.pon,pos,posit(L)=to palce,to pute.g.de-posit(de-down)储存,ex-pose(ex-=out,-e“to place out so as to be seen ”)小练习：猜测下列词义：position,preposition,purpose,73.port(L)=to carrye.g.port-able(-able=capable of)轻便的，ex-por

43、t(ex-=out)出口，im-port(im-=into)进口小练习：猜测下列词义：porter,sportsman,reimport,reexport74.prehend,prehens,pris(L)=to -prehend(com-=together)理解，ap-prehend(ap-=to)逮捕，pris-on（-the act or result）监狱小练习：猜测下列词义：re-prehend(re-=back),prehens-ile(-ile=able)75.press(L)=to presse.g.ex-press(ex-=out)挤压出；表达，im-press(im-,in

44、-=in)压印；使感动，oppress(op-,ob-=against)使沉重，压制小练习：猜测下列词义：com-press(com-=together),de-press(de-=down)76.prob,prov(L,F)=to b-able(-able=able)验证,prob-ate(-ate=to cause)检查，re-prob-ate(re-=back,-ate=to cause)谴责小练习：猜测下列词义：prove,disprove,reprove,77.reg,rect(L)=to rule,to guide,to governe.g.reg-ion(-

45、ion=the state)行政区，地区，reg-ular(-ular=like)正规的，cor-rect(cor-,com-=completely)纠正小练习：猜测下列词义：directional,indirection,regularization,regulator 78.rupt(L)=to breake.g.cor-rupt(cor-,com-=throughly)腐败的，inter-rupt(inter-=between)打断，e-rupt(e-,ex-=out)爆发小练习：猜测下列词义：interrupter,ruption79.sci(L)=to knowe.g.scient-

46、ist(-ist=person)科学家，con-sci-ous(con-=表加强词义，-ous=having the quality)有意识的小练习：猜测下列词义：unconscious,geoscience,self-conscious80.scrib,script(L)=to writee.g.post-script(post-=after)信后的附言，script-ure(-ure=thing)文件小练习：猜测下列词义：a-scrib-e(a-,ad-=upon,-e“to write a result upon”),in-scribe(in-=in),81.sect(L)=to cut

47、e.g.sect-ion(-ion=the result)块，sect-or(-or=thing)部分，in-sect(in-=into)昆虫小练习：猜测下列词义：bis-sect(bis-=apart),tran-sect(tran-=across)82.sent,sens(L)=to feele.g.sent-ence(-ence=thing)句子，sent-iment(-i-,-ment=the state or result)情感，sens-itive(-itive=having a special quality)敏感的小练习：猜测下列词义：consenter,dissenter83

48、.sequ,secut(L)=to followe.g.con-sequ-ent(con-,com-=completely,-ent=-ing)随之发生的,sub-sequ-ent(sub-=under,-ent=-ing)随后的小练习：猜测下列词义：sequ-ence(-ence=the quality or condition)，sequ-el(-el=thing)84.sid,sess(L)=to site.g.pre-side(pre-=before)主持，presid-ent(presid=preside,-ent=person)总统，dis-sid-ent(dis-=apart,-

49、ent=person)反对者小练习：猜测下列词义：as-sid-uous(as-,ad-=to,at,-u-,-ous=having the quality) in-sid-ious(in-=in,-i-,-ous=like),85.sign(L)=marke.g.sign-al(-al=the result)信号，sign-ify(-ify=to make)表明；要紧小练习：猜测下列词义：sign-ature(-ature=the result)，as-sign(as-,ad-=to)86.sist(L)=to stande.g.as-sist(as-,ad-=to,at)帮助，con-si

50、st(con-=together)由组成，re-sist(re-=against)抵抗小练习：猜测下列词义：resister,resistless,nonexistence,nonexistent,nonresistent87.speci,spect,spic(L)=to looke.g.ex-pect(ex-=out)盼望，in-spect(in-=into)检查，re-spect(ree=again)尊敬小练习：猜测下列词义：pro-spect(pro-=forward),spec-ies(-ies=thing)88.spir(L)=to breathee.g.spir-it(-it=th

51、e act)精神，in-spire(spi=to breache,-e“to breathe into body or mind”)鼓舞小练习：猜测下列词义： con-spir-e(con-,com-=together,-e “to breathe together”),per-spire(per-=through,-e “to breathe through the pores”),89.st,stat(L)= to stande.g.st-ate(-ate=thing)政府,stat-ion(-ion=the act or state)车站,re-st(re-=back)停留小练习：猜测下列词义：con-st-ant(-=throughly,-ant=-ing),contra-st(contra-=in opposition)90.tang,tact(L)=to touche.g.c