《计算机专业英语》电子教案第1章

1、Computer English，chapter 1 the history and future of computers，计算机专业英语，1-2，Key points 3360 useful terms and definitions of coofthe trend of computer hardware and software，2 .basic character istics of modern computers，3 .major character istics of the four generations of modern computers，4 .了解技术英语的特点，

2、了解技术英语翻译的要点，计算机专业英语，1-4，New words it weighted 30 tons and contained over 18，000 vacum tubes。也许早期最具影响力的类似计算机的设备是电子数字点计算机或简单的ENIAC。由宾夕法尼亚大学的J. Presper Eckert和John Mauchly开发。这项工程始于1943年，1946年竣工。这台机器重达30吨，包含18000多个真空管。1.1 The Invention of the Computer，计算机专业英语，1-8，1 . 1 . 1 The eniac The eniac was a majo

3、r advancement for its time。it was the first general-purpose、电子计算系统和was capable of performing thousands of operations per second。it was controlled、however、By switches and plungs that had to be manually set . thus、although it was a general-purpose电子设备therefore，it did not have all the character istics

4、of a computer。eniac是当时的重要成就。第一台通用电子计算机，每秒能执行数千次运算。但是，它由开关和继电器控制，必须手动设置。因此，虽然是通用电子设备，但没有存储过程。因此，它没有计算机的所有特性。1.1 The Invention of the Computer，计算机专业英语，1-9，1 . 1 . 1 The eniac while working on The eniac，Ec kert and mau chly were joined by a bby ait was not completed、however和until 1951。在ENIAC的开发中，一位天才数学

5、家Von Neuman (von neumann)加入了Eckert和Mauchly的团队，他们一起提出了存储程序计算机的想法。这台机器叫电子离散变量自动计算机或简单地叫埃德EDVAC，是第一台包含计算机所有特性的机器。但直到1951年才完成。1.1 The Invention of the Computer，计算机专业英语，1-10，1 . 1 . 1 The eniac before The ed vac was finished，Several other machines were builtit first operated in may of 1949 and is probaby

6、 the worlds first electronic stored-program，General-purpose computer to become operatedthe first computer to operate in the United States was the binary automatic computer，or binac，Which beccame operational in August of 1949在EDVAC完成之前，其他吸收了Eckert、Mauchly和Neuman设计元素的机器已经建成。其中之一是1949年5月首次运行的英国剑桥开发的电子延

7、迟存储自动计算机或EDSAC，它可以启动世界上第一个电子存储程序，通用计算机。在美国运行的第一台计算机是二进制自动计算机，运行于1949年8月，或者简单地说是BINAC。，1.1 The Invention of the Computer，计算机专业英语，1-11，1.1 the invention of the computer，1 . 1 . 2 The univoac I like other computing piingtheir ob Jective was to design and build the universal automatic computer or univoa

8、c . because of difficulties of getting financial supportEC kert and mau chly continued to work on the univac at Remington rand and completed it in 1951。Known as the univoac I，this machine was the first commercial ly available computer。和他们之前的其他计算机先驱一样，Eckert和Mauchly在1947年创立了开发商业计算机的公司。公司名为Eckert-Mauc

9、hly computer corporation。目标是设计和构建通用自动计算机或UNIVAC。由于很难得到财政支持，他们不得不在1950年将公司出售给雷丁顿兰德.Eckert和Mauchly继续在Remington Rand开展UNIVAC的开发工作，并在1951年取得了成功。众所周知，UNIVAC I机器是世界上第一台商业化的计算机。计算机专业英语，1-12，1.1 the invention of the computer，1 . 1 . 2 the univ oac I the first univoac I was delivered to the census bureau and

10、 used fusedthe second univac I was used to predict that DWI light eisen howwer would win the 1952 presidential election，less than an hour after the polls closedthe uniac I began the modern of computer use。第一个联刚特派团I于1950年被引渡到人口普查局进行人口普查。投票点关闭一小时后，第二次UNIVAC I被用作d . iten hawar将赢得1952年大选的预测。联刚特派团I启动了现代计

11、算机应用程序。计算机专业英语，1-13，new words result in a continuation of the trend begun in the second generation。these trends include reduced size、reduced cost、Increassed speed、and reduced need for air conditioning。作为第三代计算机标志的技术开发是在计算机中使用集成电路或简称IC。集成电路是包含许多晶体管的一个硅片(芯片)。一个集成电路取代了计算机中的许多晶体管，带来了从第二代开始的一些趋势的延续。这种趋势包括

12、减少计算机体积、降低成本、提高速度和减少空调需求。计算机专业英语，1-22，1.2 computer generationns，1 . 2 . 3 third-generation computers 3360 1964970 although integrated circuits were inntegrated circuitsin that year，Ibm introducted a line of mainframe computers called the system/360。the computers in this line becomame the most widely

13、 used third-generation machines .there Were many models in the system/360 line，Ranging from small，relatively slow，and inexpensive ones，to large，verythis feature of compatibility across many computers in a line was ado Pted by other manufacturers of third-generation computers .集成电路于1958年发明，但直到1964年才出

14、现第一台广泛使用IC的计算机。那一年，IBM推出了名为System/360的大型计算机系列。这一系列计算机成为使用最广泛的第三代计算机。System/360系列有许多型号，从小型、相对较慢、价格较低的型号到大型、非常快、价格较高的型号。但是，所有模型都兼容，因此在一个模型中编写的程序可用于另一个模型。许多计算机系列中兼容的此功能已被其他第三代计算机制造商采用。计算机专业英语，1-23，1 . 2 . 3 third-generation computers : 1964970 the third computer generation was also the time when mini computers becomamasthe most popull arm Odel was the PDP-8，manufactured by dec . other companies，including data general corporation and Hewlett-powered第三代电脑也是小型电脑普及的时代。最受欢迎的小型机型是DEC制造的PDP-8。数据GM和其他公司(包括Hewlett-Packard(Hewlett-Packard)在第三代产品中开发了小型计算机。1.2