高级英语第一册Mark Twain- Mirror of America

1、Lesson 9 Mark Twain- Mirror of America Para (15-18),Para 15 As early as 1870 Twain had experimented with a story about the boyhood adventures of a lad he named Billy Roger. 早在1870 年，马克吐温就试着写了一篇关于一个他名之为比利罗杰斯的男孩子的童 年历险故事。 Two years later, he changed the name to Tom, and began shaping his adventures in

2、to a stage play . 两年后，他又将主人公的名字改为汤姆，并着手将故事改编成剧本。 shape 1. v A into B ( to make sth into a particular shape )使成为形状（或样子）塑造,e g. Shape the dough into a ball. 把和好的面揉成一团。 2. v. to have an important influence on the way that sb / sth develops 决定影响 ;影响发展 e g .His ideas had been shaped by his experiences du

3、ring the war. 他的思想深受战时经历的影响。 3. v. to prepare to do sth , especially hit or kick sth 准备做某动作，摆好姿势。 e g . She was shaping to hit her second shot . 她正准备再一次击球。,短语: 1. shape up or shape out used to tell sb that if they do not improve ,work harder , ect they will have to leave their jobs or position .不好好干

4、，卷铺盖走人。 e g. He finally faced up to his drug problem when his band told him shape up or shape out . 乐队警告他要么好好干，要么走人，这使他终于正视自己的吸毒问题。 2. shape up to develop in a good way 进展（顺利 e g. Our plan are shaping up nicely. 我们的计划进展的很好。,Not until 1874 the story begin developing in earnest . After publication in

5、1876, Tom Sawyer quickly become a classic tale of American boyhood. 直到1874年他才开始认真地扩展故事情节汤姆索亚于1876年出版后，很快成为美国儿童故事的经典之作。 in earnest adv . earnestly ; in a serious manner 严肃的；认真的；坚定地 e g . I could tell he spoke in earnest. 我看的出她是郑重其事的说的。 earnest adj very serious and sincere 非常认真的； 诚实的；真诚的,e g . Despite

6、 her earnest efforts , she could not find a job . 尽管他已尽心尽力 ，但是仍然找不到工作。 短语 ：in sad earnest 一本正经地 in real earnest 认真地 Tom s mischievous daring , ingenuity ,and the sweet innocence of his affection for Becky Thatcher are almost as sure to be studied in American schools today as is the Declaration of In

7、dependence. 这部 描写汤姆的顽皮、勇敢、机智以及他对贝琪莎切尔的天真纯洁的感情的故事几乎像独立宣言一样成了今天美国学校里的必读书本。,mischievous mstvs 1.adj enjoying playing tricks and annoying people 顽皮的；捣蛋的 e g . Tom is a mischievous boy . 汤姆是个淘气的男孩。 a mischievous grin / smile /look 顽皮的咧着嘴笑； 顽皮的微微一笑；显出淘气的神情 2. （of an action or a statement 行为或者是言论） causing

8、trouble ,such as damaging sbs reputation招惹是非的；恶意的 mischievous lies /gossip 招惹是非的谎言/闲言碎语,Ingenuity ,ndnjut noun the ability to invent things or solve problems in clever new ways 独创力；聪明才智；心灵手巧 e g. It is not cash that is needed ,so much as ingenuity and willingness. 因为与钱相比，我们更需要的是 人们的巧思和意愿。 innocence

9、nsns noun1. the fact of not being guilty of a crime , etc 清白；无辜；无罪 e g .This new evidence will prove their innocence. 这一新证据将证明他们的清白。,2. lack of knowledge and experience of the world ,especially of evil or unpleasant things 天真；纯真；单纯 e g . Children lose their innocence they grow older. 儿童随着年龄的增长而失去其天真

10、。 注释：句子的主语是三个并列的名词daring ,ingenuity , innocence,使用了asas比较级结构。句子的主干是Toms daring ,ingenuity, innocence are sure to be studied as is the Declaration of Independence .比较级后半部分as is the Declaration of independence 是省略用法，完整形式是as the Declaration of Independence is sure to be studied.省略是为了避免重复，is 前置是为了让句子平衡，

11、避免头重脚轻。,Para 16 Mark Twains own declaration of independence came from another character. Six chapters into Tom Sawyer , he drags in “ the juvenile pariah of the village , Huckleberry Finn, son of the town drunkard.” 马克吐温本人的独立宣言却是由另一个人物表达出来的。在汤姆索亚第六章里，他引出了“村里的流浪少年，镇上酒鬼的儿子哈克贝利费恩”。 drag in 在本文中相当于intro

12、duce, describe介绍； 描述；,drag sth /sb in 1. to start to talk about sth/sb that has nothing to do with what is being discussed.把毫不相干的事插入谈论；毫无必要的扯到； e g. Do you have to drag politics into everything ? 你什么事都要把政治扯进去吗？ 2. to try to get sb who is not connected with a situation involved in it .硬要把毫无关系的人卷入；硬把拉

13、进去 e g. Do not drag the children in our argument. 不要硬把孩子也卷入我们的争论。 drunkard drkdn 醉鬼，酒鬼,juvenile duvnal adj. connected with young people who are not yet adults 少年的；displaying or suggesting a lack of maturity 不成熟的，幼稚的 n. a youthful person e.g. Dont be so juvenile! 不要再那么幼稚了! pariah pra n. a person who

14、is not acceptable to society is avoided by everyone为社会所遗弃者；流浪者,“ Fleeing a respectable life with the puritanical Widow Douglas, Huck protests to his friend, Tom Sawyer: ”Ive tried it, and it dont work; it dont work, Tom. It aint for me . The widder eats by a bell; she goes to bed by a bell; she gits

15、 up by a bell everythings so awful reglar a body cant stand it.” 从那里逃出来后对他的朋友汤姆索亚发牢骚说：“我试过了，还是不行；不行啊，汤姆。那不是我过的日子那寡妇家吃饭要听钟声，睡觉要听钟声，起床也要听钟声，什么事情都得规规矩矩，简直叫人受不了。”,注释：本句使用了非正式语言，是马克.吐温对淘气鬼哈克.贝利费恩语言的逼真模仿。哈克没有受过学校教育，所以多使用方言俚语和不和语法的口语体语言。这种语言特别自然生动，而且特别符合人物的性格身份。这就是马克.吐温作品的一大特色，是他对文学的重大贡献之一。这句话符合英语语法的说法是： I

16、ve tried it ,and it doesnt work ; it doesnt work , Tom .It isnt for me The window eats by a bell; She gets to bed by a bell; she gets up by a bell- everything is so awfully regular that a person cant stand it .,flee verb (from) sb /sth ;( to/into) to leave a person or place very quickly ,especially

17、because you are afraid of possible danger.迅速离开；（尤指害怕有危险而）逃避，逃跑 e g. He fled to London after an argument with his family.他与家人争吵以后离家去了伦敦。 respectable adj 1. considered by society to be acceptable ,good or correct体面的，得体的，值得尊敬的； e g. Go and make yourself look respectable . 去把自己弄得体面点。,2.fairy good ;that

18、there is not reason to be shamed of 相当好的，不丢面子的 e g. a perfectly respectable result . 一个非常好的结果。 puritanical ,pjuritnikl adj. extremely or excessively strict in matters of morals and religion 清教徒的，清教徒主义的；对宗教(或道德)行为持极端态度的 puritan n. 清教徒 Puritanism n. 清教主义,para 17.nine years after Tom Sawyer swept the n

19、ation, Huck was given a life of his own, in a book often considered the best ever written about Americans. His raft flight down the Mississippi with a runaway slave presents a moving panorama for exploration of American society. 汤姆索亚风靡美国九年之后，哈克被赋予独立的生命，成为一本被许多人认为是最成功的描写美国人的作品的书中的主人公。他同一个逃跑出来的奴隶一起乘坐木

20、筏沿着密西西比河顺流而下的漂流航程展现了一幅幅揭示美国社会生活全貌的生动画面。,raft n. 1.木排，筏； 2.橡皮艇，充气船； 3.of sth( informal) a large number of大量；许多； e g. A whole raft of new proposals . 大量新建议。 runaway1.n. 逃跑；逃走的人 2.adj. 逃走的 e g .Thoreau also helpedrunawayslaves and defended those who fought for the end of slavery. 梭罗也帮助那些逃跑的奴隶，并且和那些要求废除

21、奴隶制度的人站在一起。 3.adj. 失去控制的，轻而易举的，迅速（成功）的,e g .Runaway inflation will depress the economy. 无法控制的通货膨胀将会使经济萧条。 e g . His second book turned out to be arunawaybestseller. 他的第二本书成了抢手的畅销书 panorama pnrm1.n. the visual percept of a region n. 全景，全貌； we canseethepanoramaofthe city. 我们可以看到这个城市的全景。 2.n. a picture

22、 (or series of pictures) representing a continuous scene全景画；概论 e g . We visited the Jing gang shan strugglepanoramamuseum. 我们参观了井冈山斗争全景画馆。,para18.On the river, and especially with Huck Finn, Twain found the ultimate expression of escape from the pace he lived by and often deplored, from lifes regula

23、rities and the energy-sapping clamor for success. 通过对密西西比河，尤其是对哈克费恩这一人物的描写，马克吐温将自己想从那束缚自己并常常令自己苦恼的生活步调中摆脱出来，从生活中的各种清规戒律以及为了事业成功而进行的艰苦挣扎中解放出来的愿望表达得淋漓尽致。 ultimate ltmt adj 1. happening at the end of a long process最后的，最终的，终极的； e g. The ultimate decision lies with the parents . 最后的决定权握在父母手上。,2. most extreme ; best ; worst ; most important;极端的；最好（或坏，或重要） e g . This race will be the ultimate test of your skill.这次竞赛将是对你技能的最大考验。 3.from which sth originally come根本的；基本的； e g. The ultimate truths of philosophy and science.哲学与科学的终极原理. deplore dplr 1.vt vexpress strong disapproval o