2016高考英语二轮复习 第二部分 专题十 定语从句课件

1、怎么考 在语法填空与短文改错中考查定语从句中关系代词及关系副词的用法，侧重考查that，which，when，where的用法。 怎么学 在平时的学习中，不死抠，不死背语法条目，而要在语篇中认真体会学习与印证。 怎么解 1.弄清关系代词和关系副词所代替的先行词和关系词在从句中所作的成分；2.思考其语法特征和语义特征，注意区分意义相近的关系词。,.体验考向 用适当的关系代词或关系副词填空。 1.(2015江苏卷)The number of smokers，_ is reported，has dropped by 17 percent in just one year. 2.(2015湖南卷)It

2、 is a truly delightful place，_ looks the same as it must have done 100 years ago with its winding streets and pretty cottages.,3.(2015北京卷)Opposite is St.Pauls Church，_ you can hear some lovely music. 4.(2015浙江卷)Creating an atmosphere in _ employees feel part of a team is a big challenge. 5.(2015重庆卷)

3、He wrote many childrens books，nearly half of _ were published in the 1990s.,答案 1.as句意：据报道，吸烟者的数量在一年内下降了17%。as引导的定语从句，在这里作主语，意为“正如，这一点”，代替整个主句的内容。 2.which句意：这真是一个令人开心的地方，它看起来和一百年前一模一样，有着蜿蜒的街道和漂亮的小屋。which代替先行词place，在定语从句中用作主语，引导非限制性定语从句。不可用that。,3.where句意：对面是圣保罗教堂，在那里你可以听到一些优美的音乐。先行词是St.Pauls Church，从

4、句主谓宾成分完整，去掉空后依然是完整的句子，可推断出关系词在从句中作的是地点状语，故用where。 4.which句意：创造一种使员工感到自己是团队一部分的氛围是一大挑战。先行词为an atmosphere，在从句中作地点状语，此处in which相当于where。 5.which句意：他写了很多的儿童书，其中接近一半是在20世纪90年代出版的。根据句子结构以及选项可知是考查非限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语。此处关系代词which代指前面的books，作介词of的宾语。,.语境感悟 完成下列短文，然后朗读或背诵短文，体会定语从句的用法。 Do you know the man _1_ wrot

5、e this book？He was Jason，one of the engineers _2_ came from Russia in the 1950s.He worked in the same factory _3_ my father once worked.When he came to China，the first thing _4_ he did was to visit the factory _5_ did research on trolleybuses and found out the reason _6_ China was so backward in it.

6、Then he spent every minute _7_ he could spare to help China develop transportation._8_ is mentioned above，Jason was a foreigner _9_ made great contributions to our country and was a kind man _10_ we should say thanks.,答案 1.who关系代词。代替先行词表示人，在从句中作主语。 2.who同上。 3.where关系副词。其先行词表示地点。 4.that关系代词。其先行词前有序数词

7、或最高级修饰时，用that作主语或宾语。 5.which/that关系代词。代替先行词表示“物”，在从句中作主语。,6.why关系副词。表示原因的先行词后用why。 7.that/which或不填关系代词。作从句的宾语并指物时，用that/which或不填。 8.As关系代词。在从句中可以作主语、宾语或表语，指代后句提到的整个结构。 9.who/that同第一题。 10.to whom“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句，重点考查固定搭配中的介词。,.正反探究 1.【误】 This is the jacket which I bought it last month. 【正】 This is the

8、 jacket which I bought last month. 解析which 在从句中作宾语，it 多余。 2.【误】 They stood on the top of the building，from which they could see the whole city. 【正】 They stood on the top of the building，from where they could see the whole city. 解析from wherefrom the top of the building；from whichfrom the building，显然前

9、者比较合适。,3.【误】 The fisherman lives in an old house，in front of which a well lies. 【正】 The fisherman lives in an old house，in front of which lies a well. 解析in front of.放在定语从句句首，且从句中含有动词 lie，stand 等，主语为名词，这时要采用倒装结构，把lie，stand 等放在作主语的名词前。 4.【误】 I had told them the reason，why I didnt attend the meeting. 【

10、正】 I had told them the reason，for which I didnt attend the meeting. 解析that，why 通常不用于引导非限制性定语从句。,5.【误】 Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers who consumer complaints have resulted in changes in the law. 【正】 Later in this chapter cases will be introduced to readers where consumer co

11、mplaints have resulted in changes in the law. 解析主句是cases will be introduced to readers，所以用where 引导定语从句。在定语从句中有时会出现先行词与定语从句分隔的现象。此时要注意准确辨认。,.考点确认 一、关系词的用法 引导定语从句的关系词包括关系代词和关系副词两类。关系词在定语从句中起连接作用，同时代替先行词在从句中充当主语、宾语、表语、定语和状语成分。,The people who called yesterday want to buy the house. The author (whom) you

12、 criticized has written a letter in reply. Do you know the girl whose father is a doctor? The person that you talked about just now is Mr Liu. Football is a game which is liked by most boys. Tom was late for work again this morning，which made the boss angry.,As ia known to all，China is the biggest d

13、eveloping country in the world. I still remember the day when (on which) I first came to this school. This is the small village where (in which) he was born. The reason why (for which) he refused the invitation is not clear.,二、“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 定语从句中的介词或定语从句的谓语部分中的介词有时会提到关系代词前面，形成“介词关系代词”的结构。使用该结构时要注意

14、以下几个问题： 1.介词的确定 该结构中的介词应依据定语从句的谓语部分的习惯搭配或介词与先行词的搭配来确定。 Who is the girl with whom you just shook hands？(根据shake hands with.确定) He built a telescope through which he could study the skies.(根据先行词的需要确定，即through the telescope),2.关系代词的使用 介词放在关系代词之前时，关系代词不用that。指物时用which，指人时用whom，作定语时用whose。 The factory in

15、 which he once worked is torn down. The woman to whom I talked just now is my English teacher. Last month，part of the province was struck by floods，from whose effects the people are still suffering.,3.“不定代词或数词of关系代词”结构 “不定代词或数词of关系代词”常在定语从句中作主语，说明整体中的一部分。 China has a lot of islands，one of which is T

16、aiwan. There are a lot of students here，none of whom like the film.,4.“名词of which”结构 “名词of which”常代替“whose名词”在定语从句中作定语。 I saw some trees，the leaves of which(whose leaves) were black with disease. He mentioned a book，the title of which(whose title) Ive forgotten.,三、which和as引导非限制性定语从句的区别 当先行词不是主句中的某个词而是整个主句时，关系代词用which或as，但二者的用法也有区别。 1.which引导的非限制性定语从句一般跟在主句之后，而as引导的从句可在主句前、主句后，也可以在主句中间。 I failed again in the match，which was a great pity. As we had expected，he opposed the plan.,2.which通常意为“这；这一点”，as通常表示说话人的态度、看法、解释等，意为“正如”。 He sold his bicycle，which surprised me. As we know