高考英语虚拟语气

1、虚拟语气,Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气,用于表达说话人的愿望,请求, 意图, 假想, 建议等不能实现的情况或在说话人看来实现的可能性很小的情况. 有时也有使语气缓和, 委婉的作用.,1、if 条件句的虚拟 2、wish后的宾语从句中的虚拟 3、混合（错综）时间条件句 4、含蓄条件句 5、(should)+动词原形 6、其他虚拟语气情况 7、特殊用法 8、省略if 9、表达委婉语气 10.高考题演练,1、If条件句 虚拟的谓语动词形式,1）与现在事实相反,2）与过去事实相反,3）与将来事实相反,1）与现在事实相反,从句： if + 主语+动词过去式 （be动词用were) 主句：

2、主语+would/could/might/should +动词原形,If I were you, I would go at once.,如果我是你的话, 我会用另一种方法做. _. 2. 我现在要是有时间,我会和你一起去. _.,If I were you, I should do it in another way.,If I had time now, I would go with you.,2）与过去事实相反,从句： if +主语+动词过去完成式 主句： 主语+would/could/might/should+have+过去分词,If you had come a few minut

3、es earlier, you would have met him.,刚才你如果在这儿就可以问他这件事了. 2. 假如我学习不那么刻苦, 就不会通过那次考试了.,If you had been here a moment ago, you could have asked him about it.,If I had not studied hard, I would have failed in the exam.,3）与将来事实相反,从句： If +主语+动词过去式 If+主语+were to +动词原形 If +主语+should+动词原形,主句： 主语+would/could/mig

4、ht/should+动词原形,要是再发一场洪水, 他可能才会认识到他的错误. 2. 假如今晚错过了这部电影, 你将会感到遗憾的.,If there should be another flood, he might realize his mistake.,If you missed (were to miss/ should miss) the film tonight, you would feel sorry for it.,2. 在wish后的宾语从句中,与过去事实相反 be 变成had been, do变成had done She wishes (wished) she had be

5、en braver . 与现在事实相反.be变成were (was), do变成did I wish (wished) I were a bird. 与将来事实相反. Be用would/could/might/should be; do 用would/could/might/should do I wish (wished) that the rain would stop at once.,3. 当条件状语从句表示的行为和主语表示的行为所发生的时间不一致时，被称为“混合(错综)时间条件句”，动词的形式要分别根据它所表示的不同时间做相应的调整。,If you had followed my a

6、dvice, you would be better now.,从句 与过去事实相反 过去完成时,主句 与现在事实相反 用would +动词原形,假如我以前学过法语, 现在就能给我们的法国朋友当翻译.,If I had learned French, I would be able to interpret for our French friend.,4. 含蓄条件句,有时为了表达的需要，虚拟语气中并不是总出现if引导的条件句，而通过其他手段来代替条件句。,介词短语替代条件句。 常用的有：with, without, but for，or,We couldnt have succeeded

7、without your help.(=if we hadnt got your help) But for the rain(=if it hadnt been for the rain), we would have finished the work.,He telephoned to inform me of your birthday, or I would have known nothing about it.,他打电话告诉我你的生日，不然我不会知道。,(=if he hadnt telephoned to inform me of your birthday),5. 在下列句型

8、中，常用“should+动词原形” 且should可省略。,1）在动词demand, order, require, insist, suggest等后that 引导的宾语从句中。如： The doctor suggested/insisted that she (should)stay in bed for a few days.,注意！,当suggest 作“暗示，表明”讲时，insist作“坚持说”时， 即：坚持事实是怎样的时，后面的that从句不用虚拟语气。如：,Mike insisted that he had never stolen anything. The look on h

9、is face suggested that he was angry.,2）在名词advice, order, suggestion, request等后面that引导的同位语从句，或这些名词作主语时后面that引导的表语从句中。如： We all agreed to his suggestion (that) we (should) give up the plan. My idea is that he (should) accept the job.,3)在it is +形容词（necessary,natural, strange, etc.+that从句中。如： It is nece

10、ssary/important/natural that we (should) clean the room every day.,4) 在it is/was a pity (a shame, no wonder, etc.)+that从句中。如： It was a pity/ a shame/ no wonder that our team （should） lose the game.,6. 其他虚拟语气情况： 对现在的虚拟：do变成did 对将来的虚拟：do变成would/could/might+do 对过去的虚拟： do变成had done,1）as if (though)引导的表语

11、从句或方式从句中。 He looks as if/though he were an artist.,2)would rather 后的宾语从句中。 Id rather you hadnt gone there.,3) If only引导的感叹句中。 If only I were a bird.(我要是只鸟就好了）,4）在含有if it were not for或if it had not been for条件句的虚拟语气中。 If it were not for the rain, the crops would/should die.,7. 特殊用法： It is (high/about)

12、time (that)句式中常用动词的过去式。,这种句型表示“早该”，用来表示提议。如： It is high time we started out.,8.省略if的情况,如果从句中含有系动词，情态动词，或助词时，可省略if,把从句中的were,had,或should提到其主语前形成倒装结构。,Were I you, I wouldnt do that. Had you come earlier, you would have seen him. Should it rain tomorrow, I would stay at home.,9.虚拟语气表示委婉语气的句型。,Would, co

13、uld 等词也常被用来表示委婉语气。,It would be better for you not to stay up too late. Would you be kind enough to show me the way? Would you be so kind as to show me the way?,高考试题演练,I told Sally how to get here, but perhaps I _for her.(94) A. had to write it out B. must have written it out C. should have written i

14、t out D. ought to write it out,2. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she_, she would have met my brother.(94) A. has come B.did come C.came D. had come,3. -Shall I tell John about it? -No, you_, Ive told him already.(94) neednt B. wouldnt C. mustnt D. shouldnt,4. -When a pencil is partly in

15、a glass of water,it looks as if it_. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 5. Its nearly seven oclock, Jack _be here at any moment. A. must B. need C. should D. can,6. -There were already five people in the car but they managed to take me as well. -It_ a comfortable journey. A. c

16、ant be B. shouldnt be C. mustnt have been D. couldnt have been,7.Johnny, you_play with the knife.You_hurt yourself. A. wont;cant B. mustnt;may C. shouldnt; must D. cant; shouldnt 8. The fire spread through the hotel very quickly but everyone_get out. Had to B. would C. could D. was able to 9. -when can I come for the photos?I need them tomorrow afternoon. -They_be ready by 12:00 A. Can B. should C. might D. need,10. -I stayed at a hotel while in New York. -oh, did you?You_with Barbara. Could have stayed B. co