高三英语非谓语动词

1、语法复习,非谓语动词,一、非谓语动词的考点 1、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别； 2、非谓语动词作定语； 3、非谓语动词作主语和表语； 4、非谓语动词作宾语； 5、非谓语动词作宾补； 6、非谓语动词作状语； 7、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动。,二、非谓语动词的句法功能,三、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别 高考题点击： 1. “Cant you read?” Mary said _ to the notice. (93 N) A. angrily pointingB. and point angrily C. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing 2. Sudden

2、ly, a tall man driving a golden carriage _ the girl and took her away, _ into the woods. （04上海春季） A. seizing.,disappeared B. seized., disappeared C. seizing, disappearing D. seized, disappearing,两个动作之间用 and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性，故B、D皆错；不用 and 连接时称之为状语，只能用非谓语动词作状语，故C错。,seized 和 took 是并列谓语，disap

3、pearing 是伴随状语。此题的关键是and 的位置，如果 and 在 disappear 前，则三个动词并列。,A,D,四、非谓语动词作主语和表语 高考题点击： 1. Fishing is his favorite hobby, and _. (01 上海) A. hed like to collect coins as well B. he feels like collecting coins, too C. to collect coins is also his hobby D. collecting coins also gives him great pleasure 2. I

4、ts necessary to be prepared for a job interview. _ the answers ready will be of great help. (05北京卷) A. To have had B. Having had C. Have D. Having,在 and 连接的并列句中，两个主语要保持一致的形式。动名词 fishing 和 collecting coins 分别作两个简单句的主语。这句话的意思为“钓鱼是他的爱好，集邮也给他带来极大的乐趣。”,D,D,非谓语动词作主语时要注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，如：Seeing is belie

5、ving. / To see is to believe. 第二需要注意一些结构： A) 在 Its no use (good; value; importance) 等结构中只用动名 词作主语。如：Its no use quarrelling with such a fellow . 注意比较：Theres no need to tell him about it. B) 在 Its + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。注意两种句型： Its easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, neces

6、sary, better; the first, the next, the last, the best, too much, too little, not enough) 后加 for sb. to do Its kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的), silly, selfish (自私的) )后加 of sb. to do,3. The purpose of new technologies is to make life easie

7、r, _ it more difficult. (99 N) A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make,B,动词不定式短语 to make life easier 及 not to make it more difficult 都作 purpose 的表语。非谓语动词作表语时要特 别注意两个问题，一是并行结构问题，二是时间问题一 般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故表 示“目的、愿望、梦想、需求”等名词作主语时其表语该 用不定式。动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业等。 另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。,五

8、、非谓语动词作定语 高考题点击： 1. The flowers _ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature. （04上海） A. to smell B. smelling C. smelt D. to be smelt 2. A man is being questioned in relation to the _ murder last night. （04江苏） A. advised B. attended C. attempted D. admitted,该题的谓语动词是 attr

9、act，“闻起来很香”用来作定语修饰 主语 flowers。,B,C,“谋杀”只能被预谋，故该用过去分词作定语表示被动。,3. The picture _ on the wall is painted by my nephew. (00 北京春季) A. having hung B. hanging C. hangsD. being hung 4. There are five pairs _, but Im at a loss which to buy. (99 上海) A. to be chosenB. to choose from C. to chooseD. for choosing,

10、B,B,hang 作及物动词用时表示人为的“挂”；作不及物动词用时 表示东西挂在某处的状态。本句中的 hang 为不及物动 词，所以用现在分词作定语。,动词不定式 to choose from 和 to choose 都可以作定语，问题 是 to choose 作定语时该名词是 choose 的对象；to choose from 作定语时，该名词是 choose 的范围。该题指的是范围.,非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别： 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系； 动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义； 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构： 在 time, chance, right

11、 等名词后； 在序数词后； 在 wish, need, demand, requirement 等词后。 D)表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法： done 表示已经完成的动作 to be done 表示尚未开始的动作 being done 表示正在进行之中的动作,六、非谓语动词作宾补 高考题点击： The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street, but his mother told him _. (95 N) A. not toB. not to doC. not to itD. do not to,A,为了避免重复，常用省略形式 t

12、o 来代替前面的动作。如：Would you like to visit our school? Yes, Id like to. 有些动词后面需要用不定式作宾补，除 tell 外，常见的还 有：adviseallowcauseconsider encourage forbid forceintendorder permitpersuade remind request requireurge warn ask wish want 等 特别注意： hope, agree, demand, suggest 等没有宾补。,2. Paul doesnt have to be made _. He a

13、lways works hard. (95 N) A. learnB. to learnC. learnedD. learning 3. A computer does only what thinking people _. (99 上海) A. have it doB. have it done C. have done itD. having it done,使役动词 make / have / let sb. do sth. 但改为被动语态后， 则应为：be made / let to do。注意其它不带 to 的动词不定 式的用法。,此句中的 it 指代的是 a computer，w

14、hat 在从句中作 do 宾 语，表示“人们让计算机所做的事“应该用 people have a computer do 这一结构。需要注意的是 have 的几个常用 结构：have sb. / sth. do ; have sb. / sth. done ; have sb. / sth. doing ; have(有) sb. / sth. to do,B,A,4. The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see _ the next year. (00 N) A. carry outB. carrying out C

15、. carried out D. to carry out 5. The missing boys were last seen _ near the river. (94 N) A. playingB. to be playingC. playD. to play,that 引导的是定语从句，修饰 plan，在从句中作 see 的宾 语。因此从句中的结构应为 see the plan carried out。特别注 意现在分词和过去分词作宾补的区别。,感官性动词后面的宾补若用不定式，则表示一个完整的动 作；若用现在分词，则表示正在进行的动作。本句应理解 为正在进行的动作。,C,A,七、非谓语

16、动词作宾语 高考题点击： 1. We agreed _ here but so far she hasnt turned up yet. (95 N) A. having met B. meeting C. to meetD. to have met 2. Ive worked with children before, so I know what _ to my new job. (00 N) A. expectedB. to expect C. to be expecting D. expects,C,B,注意1：仅带不定式作宾语的动词有：agree, refuse, offer, pr

17、omise, decide, determine, intend, manage, fail, hope, expect, long, wish, tend, desire, plan, pretend, 等； 注意2：动词 know, show 等常带疑问词加 to do 作宾语。,3. I really appreciate _ to relax with you on this nice island. (01 上海) A. to have had timeB. having time C. to have timeD. to having time,B,仅带动名词作宾语的动词为：adm

18、it appreciate avoid delay enjoy escape excuse prevent finish imagine mind practise resist risk suggest stand forgive keep allow advise permit forbid 但如果在 allow advise permit forbid 后提到有关的人， 就只能用不定式作宾补。 在动词 want, need, require, demand 等词后加动名词作宾语 时表示被动意义，相当于 to be done。,4. - You were brave enough to r

19、aise objections at the meeting. - Well, now I regret _ that. (95 N) A. to do B. to be doingC. to have done D. having done 5. - Let me tell you something about the journalists. - Dont you remember _ me the story yesterday? (99 上海) A. toldB. tellingC. to tellto have told 6. In some parts of London, mi

20、ssing a bus means _ for another hour. (02 上海春季) A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting,D,B,A,特别注意带不定式和动名词作宾语时意义不同的动词： remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, miss, stop,7. How about the two of us _ a walk down the garden? (93 N) A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking 8. - I must apologiz

21、e for _ ahead of time. - Thats all right. (94 N) A. letting you not knowB. not letting you know C. letting you know notD. letting not you know 9. Sandy could do nothing but _ to his teacher that he was wrong. (01 上海春季) A. admitB. admittedC. admittingD. to admit,C,B,A,介词的宾语一般都用动名词，但有三个介词 but (except)

22、 / than / be about 后要接不定式作宾语。,10. Rather than _ on a crowded bus, he always prefers _ a bicycle. (94 N) A. ride rideB. riding ride C. ride to rideD. to ride riding,注意 prefer 的几个常用句型： prefer to do sth. than do sth. prefer doing sth. to doing sth. prefer + n. to + n.,C,11. Mr. Reed made up his mind to

23、 devote all he had to _ some schools for poor children. (01 上海春季) A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up 12. - How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers? - The key _ the problem is to meet the demand _ by the customers. (02 北京) A. to solving makingB. t

24、o solving made C. to solve makingD. to solve made,B,B,要特别注意 to 的词性，分析其为介词还是不定式。 admit to，be accustomed to 习惯于， be used to ，stick to ， turn to，devote oneself to ，be devoted to，look forward to， pay attention to, get down to 等,八、非谓语动词作状语 高考题点击： 1. - Mum, why do you always make me eat an egg every day?

25、- _ enough protein and nutrition as you are growing up. (99 上海) A. GetB. GettingC. To getD. To be getting 2. _ late in the afternoon, Bob turned off the alarm. (01 北京春季) A. To sleepB. SleepingC. SleepD. Having slept 3. In order to make our city green, _. (02 上海春季) A. it is necessary to have planted

26、more trees B. many more trees need to plant C. our city needs more trees D. we must plant more trees,C,A,D,4. _ in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him. (96 N) A. LosingB. Having lostC. LostD. To lose 5. _ the general state of his health, it may take him a while to recover from the op

27、eration. (00 北京春季) A. GivenB. To giveC. GivingD. Having given 6. He sent me an E-mail, _ to get further information. (00 上海) A. hopedB. hopingC. to hopeD. hope,lose oneself in sth. 表示“陷入”，主语 he 为 lose 的宾语。,given 作状语意为“考虑到”，意思相当于 considering。,注意 hoping 为伴随状语而非目的状语，真正的目的是后面的 to get 。,C,A,B,7. The rese

28、arch is so designed that once _ nothing can be done to change it. (02 N) A. beginsB. having begunC. beginningD. begun 8. Finding her car stolen, _. (01 上海). A. a policeman was asked to help B. the area was searching thoroughly C. it was looked for everywhere D. she hurried to a policeman for help,on

29、ce 在此处只是副词，后面的分词必须考虑到与句子主语 的关系。begin为及物动词，意为“开始、启动”，故该用过 去分词。,本句要特别注意其逻辑主语。,D,D,九、非谓语动词的时态语态和被动 高考题点击： I would love _ to the party last night but I had to work extra hours to finish a report. (97 N) A. to go B. having goneC. goingD. to have gone 2. Robert is said _ abroad, but I dont know what count

30、ry he studied in. (99 N) A. to have studiedB. to study C. to be studyingD. to have been studying,D,A,would love to have done 表示本想去做，但没做成。,本题的关键是“what country he studied in”，由此可知事情发生在过去。,3. Do let your mother know all the truth. She appears _ everything. (01 上海) A. to tell B. to be told C. to be tell

31、ing D. to have been told 4. Having a trip abroad is certainly good for the old couple, but it remains _ whether they will enjoy it. (02 N) A. to seeB. to be seenC. seeingD. seen,本题中母亲被告知真象显然发生在以前，所以你现在没有 必要再隐瞒了。,remain 后接 to do，此处 it 指代的是后面的主语从句。他 们是否喜欢有待于观察，此处应为被动。,D,B,5. _ to sunlight for too much

32、 time will do harm to ones skin. (02 上海) A. ExposedB. Having exposed C. Being exposedD. After being exposed 6. _ such heavy pollution already, it may now be too late to clean up the river. (01 N) A. Having sufferedB. SufferingC. To sufferD. Suffered 7. Tony was very unhappy for _ to the party. (00 上

33、海) A. having not been invitedB. not having invited C. having not invited D. not having been invited,该句缺主语，只能用动名词才能作主语。,C,A,D,8. With a lot of difficult problems _, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. (02 上海春季) A. settledB. settlingC. to settleD. being settled,with + n. / pron. + O.C.

34、构成一个独立主格结构，在句作 状语。用 settled 表示已经解决了的问题；用 being settled 表示正在被解决的问题；用 to be settled 表示将要被解的 问题。而此处的 to settle 是用来作定语修饰前面的 problems。 另外还要注意一下分词的独立主格结构的基本用法。,C,Good-bye!,被秦顺儿和书院两各丫环连搀带扶地请咯进来，王爷刚刚心中那点儿敬佩之心又本能地变作咯抵触之意：他与婉然被撞破私情之事，虽然水清是被排字琦当咯枪使，但是她不对这各结果心生快乐吗？现在听说他以她名义给婉然送咯嫁妆，就急急火火地寻来咯书院，她这是要干啥啊？虽然他有满肚子火气要

35、撒向水清，但是因为她跪得时间太长，没有那两各丫环搀扶，她根本连站都站不住，可是他们两各主子之间这些话，总不能当着这些奴才面说出来吧。面对这么各窘迫局面，他原本就是心情不悦，此刻更加地头痛起来。第壹卷 第404章 讨赏水清当然晓得她自己现在情形，本来就是站立不稳，而且她又有求于他，放低姿态最重要，因此她朝两各丫环看咯壹眼说道：“麻烦你们两各，还是让我继续跪着吧。”听咯这话，两各丫环也不晓得该怎么办才好，都面面相觑地望向咯王爷。他也晓得这是唯壹办法，于是就点咯点头。丫环们得咯他首肯，壹各赶快去寻咯垫子，小心地放在水清面前，又服侍她在垫子上重新跪好，才悄没声地退咯下去。待屋中没有咯旁人，他冷冷地开口

36、道：“说吧。”“妾身开口之前，还请爷恕罪。”“你有啥啊罪？”“妾身违反咯爷禁令，但这也是迫不得已事情，所以还请爷恕罪。”“爷有啥啊禁令？你是说禁足吗？不是已经过咯壹各月吗？到期咯，爷恕你无罪。”“不是，是爷禁止妾身踏入爷房间半步命令。”“你！”王爷被水清这各恕罪请求搞得极为光火。这都是过去咯那么多年事情咯，而且还是当时他在情急之下口不择言，他早就忘记他还曾经对她说过这样话，现在要不是她提醒，他完全都不记得咯，可是她居然还记得这么牢靠！这各诸人，不但有心机，还有记性！“这里算是书房，爷只是禁止你踏入爷卧房半步。不过你能记住就好，爷赏识有记性人，爷更赏识知错就改人。爷已经恕你无罪，你说吧，啥啊事情！”“谢爷恩典。妾身此番前来，是求爷壹件赏赐。”赏赐？她有啥啊功劳？有啥啊资本？难道两手空空、红口白牙地就能从爷这里讨来赏赐？她算老几？还敢大颜不惭地跟爷开口提要