高一英语语法

1、定语从句 the Attributive Clause 名词性从句,定语从句 (一).定语从句 构成及种类: 1.The school where we live and study lies west of the town. 2.I, who am your English teacher, will try my best to help you.,限制性定语从句,非限制性定语从句,结构：,先行词 + 关系词 + 定语从句,(二).如何使用引导词: 1.关系代词,2. 关系副词 _,_, _,who (that),whom (that),whose,which that,which th

2、at,whose,when,where,why,链接高考: 1.(2006北京) Women _ drink more than two cups of coffee have a greater chance of having heart disease than those _ dont. 2.(2004上海) A fast food restaurant is the place _, just as the name suggests, eating is performed quickly.,who,who,where,3.(2003北京) We are living in an

3、age _ many things are done on computer. 4.(2005北京春) Do you still remember the chicken farm _ we visited three months ago? 5.(1996NMET) After living in Paris for 50 years, he returned to the small town _ he grew up as a child.,when,that / which,（,）,where,总结: 下列5种情况下, 要用 that 引导 定语从句, 不能用 which. 1).当先

4、行词是 all, much, little, something, anything, everything. nothing 等不定代词时; 或者先行词 被all, much, little,some, any, every, no 等词修饰时;,that,2.当先行词被序数词和最高级修饰时; 3.当先行词被 the only; the very; the first; the last 等词修饰时; 4.当先行词中既有人又有物时; 5. 当主句中有 who 或者 which 时, 为了避免重复, 定语从句只能用 that 引导.,B.1. (2005浙江卷) Jim passed the

5、driving test, _ surprised everybody in the office. 2.(1998NMET) Wilma became the first woman to win 3 Olympic gold medals in track, _ made her mother very proud. 3.(2004北京卷) Luckily, we had brought a map without _ we would have lost our way.,which,which,which,-,-,总结: 下列两种情况下不能用 that 引导 定语从句: 1.引导非限制

6、性定语从句, 不能用that; 2. 关系代词前有介词前置时,不能用that; 再如: This is the classroom _ we study in. This is the classroom in _ we study.,(that / which),which,总结: 下列两种情况下不能用 that 引导 定语从句: 1.引导非限制性定语从句, 不能用that; 2. 关系代词前有介词前置时,不能用that; 再如: This is the classroom _ we study in. This is the classroom in _ we study.,(that /

7、 which),which,高考热点2: 介词 + 关系代词 的考查 1.(2006湖南卷)We saw several natives advancing towards our party, and one of them came up to us,_ we gave some bells and glasses. A.to which B.to whom C.with whom D.with which 2.(2005山东卷) He was educated at a local grammar school, _ he went on to Cambridge. A.from whi

8、ch B.after that C.after which D.from that,3.(2006浙江卷) I was given three books on cooking, the first_ I really enjoyed. A.of that B.of which C.that D.which 4.(2005重庆卷) Mark was a student at this university from 1999 to 2003, _ he studied very hard and was made Chairman of the Students Union. A.during

9、 which time B.for which time C.during whose time D.by that time,被动语态: 我们知道, 被动语态是由be + done(动词的过去分词)构成的被动语态构成比较,10: 动词不定式的被动语态 be to do- be to be done be going to do-be going to be done Be about to do-be about to be done Eg: He is to read a novel A novel is to be read by him They are going to hold a

10、 meeting tomorrow. A meeting is going to be held tomorrow. They are about to shoot the murderer. The murderdr is about to be shot by them.,(1) The police found that the house _and a lot of things _. A. has broken into; has been stolen B. had broken into ; had been stolen C. has been broken into; sto

11、len D. had been broken into; stolen (2) If city noises _ from increasing, people _ shout to be heard even at the dinner table 20 years from now. A. are not kept; will have to B. are not kept; have to C. do not keep ; will have to D. do not keep ; have to,D,Practice,A,(3) -_ the sports meet might be

12、put off. -Yes, it all depends on the weather. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told (4) The maths problem _ among the students soon. A. is about to be discuss B. is going to be discussed C. is to discuss D. is going to have been discussed,A,B,(一)语态转换时要注意的问题 1. 把主动语态变为被动语态时，其谓语动词的时态要与原句时态

13、保持一致，其谓语动词的数要与新主语保持一致。 We have bought a new computer. A new computer has been bought. (正确) A new computer have been bought. (错误) 2. 含有双宾语的主动句变被动句时，可分别将其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个不动，一般变间接宾语为主语时比较多。 My uncle gave me a present on my birthday. I was given a present on my birthday. 如果把直接宾语(指物)改为主语，则在间接宾语(指人)前加适当的介词，

14、如上句还可以说： A present was given to me yesterday.,保留宾语,注意：一般在下列动词后，常在间接宾语前用介词 to，如： bring, give, lend, offer, pass, promise, sell, show, teach, tell 等。 The cup with mixture was showed to the class. My bike was lent to her. 一般在下列动词后，间接宾语前用介词 for, 如： buy, cook, choose, fetch, get, ,make, order, 等。 Mother

15、made me a new skirt. (A new skirt was made for me. ) The meat was cooked for us.,3. 由动词+ 介词或副词构成的短语动词，要把它们作为整体看，即把它们看成一个及物动词，介词或副词不可拆开或漏掉这类动词有 laugh at, operate on, look after, make fun of, make use of take care of, carry out, give up, hand in, point out, put away, put off, turn down, work out, talk

16、 about等。 The patient is being operated on. The problem is solved. It neednt be talked about. His request was turned down. The sports meet will be put off because of the bad weather. A child is taken good care of,4. 带复合宾语(宾语+ 宾补)的动词改为被动语态时，一般把主动结构中的宾语改为主语，而宾语补足语保留在谓语动词后面。如： a,动词+宾语+adj We always keep

17、 the classroom clean. The classroom is always kept clean. b,动词+宾语+ n They chose Tom captain. Tom was chosen captain c.动词+宾语+ to do She told us to follow her instructions. We were told to follow her instructions. d,动词+宾语+doing I found him lying on the floor he was found lying on the floor e,动词+宾语+don

18、e we found all our seats occupied. all our seats were found occupied. 注意：在see, watch, hear, notice, listen to, look at, make, feel等动词后作宾语补足语的动词不定式都不带 to，但改成被动语态后都带to， We often hear him play the guitar. He is often heard to play the guitar. His mother makes him clean the room every day. He is made to clean the room every day.,1.The new dictionaries are very useful.They _well and _already. sell; have been sold out B. sold; had sold out C. sell, sell out are sold;