高三英语一轮复习 名词性从句课件

1、Noun Clauses,二、分类：,1、宾语从句： Noun clauses as the object 2、表语从句： Noun clauses as the predicative 3、主语从句： Noun clauses as the subject 4、同位语从句： Noun Clauses as the appositive,一、定义：,在主句中起名词性作用、充当宾语、表语、主语或同位语的从句。,宾语从句在复合句中起宾语作用，可以作动词的宾语，也可以作介词的宾语。引导宾语从句的词有: 连词：that if whether； 连接代词：who whose what which； 连接

2、副词：when where how why等。,The Object Clause,e.g. I think (that) women can reach very high achievements in many fields of science. 2) I wonder whether/if she remembered how many babies she had delivered.,3) Do you know who/whom Jack was speaking to? 4) He asked whose car it was. 5) Pay attention to wha

3、t the doctor said. 6) Please tell me when the earthquake took place. 7) Will you tell me how I can keep fit and healthy?,The Object Clause,做动词的宾语,(1)大部分宾语从句直接跟在动词后： e.g. He doesnt know where the post office is. (2)有些宾语从句前要有间接宾语： e.g. He told me what I should read,(3)如果宾语从句后面有宾语补足语，要使用形式宾语 it 而将从句放到补

4、足语后面； e.g. I thought it strange that he failed to call me 我觉得奇怪：他没给我打电话。,The Object Clause,(4)在think, believe, suppose, expect等动词之后的宾语从句中，如果从句谓语是否定含义，则不用否定形式,而将主句谓语动词think等变为否定形式; e.g. I dont think you are right 我想你是不对的。,(5) 在think，believe，imagine，suppose，guess，hope等动词以及 Im afraid 等后，可用so代替一个肯定的宾语从句

5、，还可用not代替一个否定的宾语从句： e.g. Do you believe it will clear up? 你认为天气会转晴吗? I believe so. 我认为会这样。 I dont believe so.(或I believe not.) 我认为不会这样。,The Object Clause,(1)一般情况下，宾语从句直接跟在谓语后; e.g. Did she say anything about how we should do the work? (2) that引导的宾语从句只有在except, in, but, besides等少数介词后偶尔可能用到;,做介词的宾语,Th

6、e Object Clause,e.g. Your article is all right except that it is too long (3)有时在介词和其宾语从句的中间加形式宾语 it; e.g. Ill see to it that everything is ready,that 引导的表语从句 that 仅起连接作用，无意义，在句中不作任何成分，通常不可省略。这种从句往往是对主句主语的内容起进一步解释的作用。 e.g. The chance is that one smoker in four will die from smoking.,在从句中作表语的从句称作表语从句。

7、,2. whether 引导的表语从句 连接词whether起连接作用， 意为“是否、究竟、到底”（注意：if不能引导表语从句) 在句中也不作任何成分。 e.g. The question is whether what man will turn up in time.,3. what, which, who, whom, whose引导的表语从句 连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose除在句子中起连接作用外，还可在从句中从当主语、表语、定语，且各有各的词义。,The Predicative Clause,e.g. Tom is no longer what he

8、 used to be. The question is which of us should come first. The problem is who is really fit for the hard job. The important thing is whose name should be put on the top of the list.,4. where, when, why, how引导的表语从句 连接副词where, when, why, how除在句中起连接作用外，在从句中还充当时间、地点、方式、原因状语，本身具有词义。,The Predicative Clau

9、se,e.g. Thats where I cant agree with you. This is why Sara was late for the meeting. This is how they overcome the difficulties. My strongest memory is when I attended an American wedding.,5. 其他连词as if, because, as, as though 引导的表语从句 because引导表语从句通常只用于“This/That/It is because”结构中。 as if/though引导的表语

10、从句常置于连系动词look, seem, sound, be, become等后面，常用虚拟语气，表示不存在的动作或状态。,The Predicative Clause,e.g. It sounds as if/though somebody was knocking at the door. My anger is because you havent written to me for a long time.,1. Go and get your coat.Its_you left it. A.there B.where C.there were D.where there,B,2.Th

11、e problem is_ he has enough time. if B. whether C./ D. that,B,3.He made a promise_ he would help me. A.what B.when C.that D.which,C,4.I remember_ this used to be a quiet village. A.how B.when C.where D.what,B,5.It is generally considered unwise to give a child_ he or she wants. A.however B.whatever

12、C.whichever D.wherever,B,高考链接,1.-Are you still thinking about yesterdays game? -Oh, thats_ . (2003北京春季) A. what makes me feel excited B. whatever I feel excited about C. how I feel about it D. when I feel excited,A,解析： 这是由what 引导的一个表语从句，在从句中充当主语，这句话的意思为：那是使我感到兴奋的事。故答案为A。,2.-I drove to Zhuhai for the

13、 air show last week. -Is that_ you had a few days off? (NMET1999) A.why B.when C.what D.where,解析:这是一个由why引导的表语从句,表示原因.这句话的意思是这就是你离开的原因吗?。故答案为A。,A,3.Perseverance is a kind of quality and thats _ it takes to do anything well. ( 2002上海春季) A. what B. that C. which D. why,解析:what在表语从句中作takes的宾语,构成It take

14、s sth. to do sth.的句型。答案为A。,A,4.When you answer questions in a job interview, please remember the golden rule: Always give the monkey exactly_ he wants . (2002上海春季) A.what B.which C.when D.that,解析:这是一个宾语从句,wants后面缺少宾语,Always give the monkey exactly what he wants是一句谚语,意思是永远给予他人他确实想要的东西。故答案为A。,A,在复合句中做

15、主语用的名词性从句称主语从句。引导主语从句的有连词that ，whether， 连接代词who ，what ，which， 连接副词when，where， how， why等。,主语从句：,1.连接词：,1）从属连词：that， whether等. that 引导主语从句只起引导作用，本身无实际意义，在主语从句中不充当任何成分，但不能省略。,That she left him cut him to the heart.,2)连接代词who ，what ，which, whatever, whichever, whoever,What seems easy to some people seem

16、s difficult to others.,由whether及其他连词引导的主语从句放在句首，句后都可。,Whether it will please them is not easy to say.,3)连接副词when，where， how， why等。,Why he did it remains a mystery.,2.位置： 主语从句可以前置，也可以后置。后置时用it做形式主语，把主语从句放在句末，常用下面几种句型。,1）It + be + 表语 +主语从句 表语：（名词， 形容词，过去分词）,2）It+不及物动词+主语从句 It seemed (happened, doesnt

17、matter, has turned out) that,It is still uncertain whether he is coming or not.,It happens that they were absent.,It is a fact (a shame, a pity, good news) that,3) It +及物动词的被动语态+主语从句,It has been decided that the exhibition will not open on Sundays.,注意:,1）主语从句在句首时，必须由连接词引导，不能省略这些连接词；但是如果用it做形式主语，而把主语

18、从句放在句末时，从属连词that在非正规语体中可以省略。,误：They should like each other is natural. 正：That they should like each other is natural. 正：It is natural （that ）they should like each other.,2)如果主语从句放在句首，不能用if引导，但是如果用it 做形式主语，而把主语从句放在句末时，也可以用if引导.,误：If Mary really heard him is really doubtful. 正：It was doubtful if Mary

19、really heard him.,1.I have always been honest and straightforward, and it doesnt matter _that Im talking to.A. who is it B. who it is C. it is who D. it is whom,高考链接,【试析】这个句子是一个由and连接的并列句。And后是一个含有主语从句的结构，其主句部分是it doesnt matter, 主语从句则是who it is that Im talking to.而在主语从句中，又有一个定语从句，修饰who. Who既是一个引导词，也

20、在it is中作表语.如果再细一点，说who是 (talking) to的介词宾语也可以。,2. It is pretty well understood _ controls the flow of carbon dioxide in and out the atmosphere today. A. that B. when C. what D. how,【试析】主语从句中缺少做主语的成分，故选C.,3. _ made the school proud was_ more than 90 of the students had been admitted to key universitie

21、s. （2003上海春季） A. What; because B. What ; that C. That ; what D. That ; because,【试析】what 在此作连接代词，引导主语从句，并在从句中作主语。that引导主语从句时，只起引导作用，不作任何成分。,同位语从句,Noun Clauses as the appositive.,1.定义：在复合句中置于某一名词后，具体 说明名词的内容的从句称为同位语从句。,e.g. He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. 他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外

22、回国。,e.g. I insisted upon an answer to my question whether he was coming or not. 我坚持要求他回答我的问题：他来还是不来。,Noun Clauses as the appositive.,2.连接词： 从属连词：that, whether,that引导的同位语从句中，that不充当成分,只起连接作用。,e.g. He told me the news that he would come home from aboard soon. 他告诉我一个消息,他马上要从国外回国。,whether引导的同位语从句，只用whet

23、her引导,不用if。,e.g. I insisted upon an answer to my question whether he was coming or not. 我坚持要求他回答我的问题：他来还是不来。,e.g. The question who should go abroad hasnt been decided yet. I have no idea which one I should choose. Next comes the question what you want to put in the box.,what/which/who在引导的同位语从 句从句中充当

24、成分。,连接代词：what, who, which,我不知道该选哪个。（定语）,谁会出国这个问题还未决定。（主语）,其次就是这个问题：你要在盒子里放些什么。（宾语）,黑洞是怎样形成的，你的这个问题很难回答。,连接副词：how, why，when, where,e.g. It is difficult to answer your question about how black holes came into being.,3. 同位语从句与定语从句的区别：,定语从句对先行词起修饰、限制的作用； 同位语从句具体说明它前面的名词的内容。,e.g. The news that you have h

25、eard is not true. (定语从句) 你听到的消息不真实。,The news that our team has won is true. (同位语从句) 我们队获胜的消息是真的。,that 在定语从句中担任句子成分，是关系代词；在同位语从句中不担任句子成分，是从属连词。,e.g. The fact that we talked about is very important.,(定语从句),我们所谈论的事实是非常重要的。,The fact that we succeeded pleased everybody.,(同位语从句),我们成功了，这一事实让大家很高兴。,The news

26、 that there are no lives on the moon is known to us all.,同位语从句,The news that you heard is not true.,定语从句,Have you any idea who he went with?,同位语从句,Is there any hope that they will be home in time?,The problem that you referred to doesnt exist at all.,同位语从句,定语从句,4.高考链接： 1. Information has been put forward _ more middle school graduates will be admitted into universities.(NMET2001上海) A. while B. that C. when D. as,2. She heard a terrible noise,_ brought her heart into her mouth.(MET91) A. it B. which C. this D. that, The fact _ she works hard is