高三英语《非谓语动词的运用和比较》ppt课件

1、非谓语动词的运用与比较,不定式,动名词,分词,非谓语动词,一、 非谓语动词的句法功能,X,X,X,X,二. 句法功能的区别：,1 主语,动名词 不定式,In many countries, shaking ones head means “no” and nodding means “yes”. To write a science fiction is his wish.,Its dangerous to play/playing with fire.,It is no good _(argue) with him about that.,arguing,在含有no, -less，常用动名词

2、短语作主语。 eg. It is no use doing.; It is useless doing It is no good doing; It is no help doing,2. 表语,不定式 动名词 分词,The story is moving. A way of saying “I am hungry” is patting the stomach before a meal. My task this class is to teach you how to grasp the grammar.,3. 宾语,动名词 不定式,根据习惯搭配和语义区分 (详析精练 P. 91),习

3、惯接动名词作宾语的有：mind, finish, enjoy, avoid, risk, consider, practise, suggest, advise, miss, appreciate, imagine, put off, keep (on), give up, insist on, be used to, look forward to, stick to, devote ones life to, be busy, be worth, cant help, excuse, escape, admit(承认)，delay, risk, object to（反对）, pay att

4、ention to, etc.,习惯于后接动词不定式而不接动名词作宾语的动词有： want, wish, hope, expect, promise, pretend, decide, manage, refuse, learn, agree, plan, offer, long, demand, help, manage, prepare, learn, determine, intend, etc.,动名词与不定式的不同含义： be afraid to do 不敢、害怕、胆怯去做某事 be afraid of doing 担心、恐怕出现 We are never afraid to lay

5、 down our lives for the right cause. 为了正义的事业我们绝不怕牺牲自己的生命。 She was afraid of waking her husband up.,2) forget to do sth. 忘记去做某事（未做） forget doing sth.忘记做过了某事（已做） The light in the office is off. It was she who turned it off, but she herself forgot _( turn ) it off. The light in the office is still on.

6、She forgot _(turn )it off.,3)remember to do sth. 记着去做某事（未做） remember doing sth.记着做了某事（已做） Do you remember _(meet) me at a party last year? You must remember _( leave) tomorrow.,4) stop to do sth. stop doing sth.,5) regret to do sth. 遗憾地说/告诉= be sorry to say / to tell regret doing sth. 后悔做了 I regret

7、_ ( tell) that you didnt pass the exam again. I regret _( tell ) her the bad news.,6)try to do sth. try doing sth. We tried _ ( persuade) him to go with us, but he wouldnt listen . Lets try _( do ) the work in some other way.,7) mean to do sth. mean doing sth. If it means _( delay ) more than a week

8、, Ill not wait. I mean _( go ), and nothing can stop me. 8) go on to do sth. go on doing sth. 9）cant help doing sth. 情不自禁，不禁 cant help (to) do sth. 不能帮忙做,10). permit / allow / advise + doing sth. + sb. to do sth. 11). start / begin / continue / like / love / hate + to do sth. + doing sth. 但有些动名词在句中是

9、主动形式，却有被动含义 The house requires / needs / wants repairing. The book is worth reading.,4. 定语,动名词 分词 不定式,Do you know the man talking with a black there? The carrying pole reminds me of our bitter days in the past. There will be many people to help you.,=who is talking ,The pole for carrying things,The

10、lab,to be built next year being built now built last year,Cf.,is our splendid.,3. 现在分词和过去分词,falling leaves fallen leaves,exiting news exited students,-ing 令人; -ed 表示所修饰词本身的特征,a disappointing voice; a disappointed voice,注:1)现在分词作定语时，表示动作正在进行或与谓语动词的表示的动作几乎同时发生。如两个动作有先有后，一般不能用现在分词作定语，而要用定语从句。,The teach

11、er criticized the student who had broken the window. Yesterday, mother told me an event which happened five years ago?,2). 不定式作定语 He thought out a plan _ (punish) Tom. He is always the last _ (come) to office Please give me a knife _ (cut) with. 作定语的不定式如是不及物动词，不定式后面须有相应的介词。,5.宾语补足语,不定式 分词,使役动词：make,

12、 have, let, etc. 感觉动词： hear, listen to, see, watch, notice, observe, look at, find, feel, etc.,Its cold out side, we had the fire burning all night. Mum had him wash the plates. I saw him go upstairs. I saw him going upstairs,（已经上去了，全过程）,（此刻的行为）,注：不能用不定式作宾补的动词：,hope, suggest, agree, insist, plan, su

13、ppose, demand, think, announce, ,make 后不能用doing作宾补,She is often listened _( sing) the song.,6. 状语,不定式 分词,1.Every day he climbed to a high rock near his cave to keep watch. 2. Two years later, her father disappeared , never to return. 3. Im very glad to have this stamp again. 4. It is too dark for us

14、 to see anything in the room. 5. He is old enough to look after himself.,目的,结果,原因,程度,程度,不定式主要作目的，结果和程度状语,1). Once fleeing Germany, Einstein went first to France, then to Belgium 2). Being a shy man, Einstein didnt attend the great celebration. 3). The trainer appeared, followed by six little dog. 4)

15、. Given more time, I can do it better.,时间,原因,方式，伴随,条件,分词在句中主要作时间，原因，方式或伴随，条件，让步，结果状语。,分词和不定式作结果状语,Tonys father died, leaving him a lot of money. He went home, only to find his money stolen.,现在分词和过去分词作状语,He lay on the ground, looking at the sky. Once published, his work became famous for the absence

16、of rhyme at the end of each line.,The game _ (interest) the boys. The boys are _ the game. The game is _. I wonder why football _ boys. A. has interestedB. is interested in C. interesting D. interested _ (excite) at the news, the boys rushed to watch the game. _ (Fill) with joy, I started off.,inter

17、ests,interested in,interesting,A,Excited,Filled,Can you do the following?,generally speaking, judging from, talking of, supposing, considering, compared with,注1：分词作状语时，其逻辑主语须与句子的主语一致，构成主动或被动的关系。 注2： 表示时间关系的分词短语有时可由连接词while或when引导。 注3：有时，”with + 名词（或代词宾格）+ 分词”的结构表示伴随状况。 注4: 当分词的逻辑主语与主句的主语不同时，分词须有自己的主

18、语，构成独立主格结构。,While watching TV, he heard someone shouting shout for help.,With the work done, he went home.,Weather permitting, well go outing tomorrow.,Moved by his words, he decided to study harder.,三、 非谓语动词的各种形式：（以动词do为例）,不定式,分词,to do,to be done,to have done,to have been done,to be doing,doing,bei

19、ng done,having done,having been done,1.不定式的时态与语态： 1）一般式：不定式表示的动作常与谓语的动作同时（或几乎同时）发生，或在它之后发生。 I saw him go out. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. 2）进行式：不定式表示的动作正在进行。 Im very glad to be working with you. 3）完成式：不定式的动作发生在谓语动词之前 Im sorry to have kept you waiting. The article is said to hav

20、e been read by many people.,2.动名词的时态和语态 1）动名词的时态：一般式和完成式 如doing的动作没明确表示出时间是与谓语同时发生或在谓语之前发生，用一般式。 We are interested in _ (play) chess. 如doing的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前，通常用完成式。 Im sorry for not _ (keep) my promise. 但在某些词后，常用一般式，尽管其动作是在谓语所表示的动作之前发生。 On hearing the bad news, she cried. Ill never forget seeing t

21、hat film for the first time.,playing,having kept,2）动名词的语态 doing being done having done having been done He was afraid of _ (leave) at home. The house showed no sign of _ (damage). Xu Benyu insisted on being sent to the mountain area to serve the children there.,being left,having been damaged,3 现在分词的

22、时态及语态：,分词的动作如发生在谓语动词之后,doing用一般式，如发生在谓语动词之前，用完成式having done。,Having enjoyed the rides at the Headland, visitors can take a shuttle to the Lowland.,But theme parks also try to make sure that visitors leave knowing more about their theme.,如果要说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，可以在不定式前加一个由for/of 引起的短语。 It is easy for the s

23、tudents to read. It will be a mistake for us to help you.,1). 不定式的复合结构: for/of sb. to do sth.,Its wrong of/ for him to speak bad behind others.,4 非谓语动词的复合结构,在一些表示对某人的“称赞 ”、“责备”等意义的形容词后， 如kind, good , nice, unwise , clever, silly , wrong , foolish , stupid , careless , rude , impolite等词， 其后用“of + sb.

24、+ to do sth. ”结构。 Its unwise of them to take such an action. (=Theyre unwise to take such an action .),2). 动名词的复合结构： 名词所有格(Marys)/形容性物主代词（my）+动名 逻辑主语是有生命的名词：作主语时，须用名词所有格或形容词性物主代词；作宾语时，也可用普通格或人称代词宾格。 Toms (His) coming is what we have expected. She didnt mind Jack/ Jacks (him/ his) coming here.,不定式一般不能作介词的宾语，只有在极少数介词如 ：but, except等后才行，此时不定式可带to 或不带to. He seldom comes except _( look) at my pictures. We have no choice but _( wait) outside.