高考连词的复习

1、连词是一种虚词，用于连接单词、短语、从句和句子，在句子中不单独用作句子成分。连词按其性质可分为并列连词和从属连词。并列连词用以连接并列的单词、短语、从句或句子，如and, but, or, for等；从属连词主要引出名词性从句（如主语从句，宾语从句，表语从句等）和状语从句（时间状语从句、条件状语从句、目的状语从句等），引出名词从句的连词如that, whether等，引出状语从句的连词如when, because, since, if等。,一、并列连词的用法,1.表示转折关系的连词。这类词主要有but, yet等。 Someone borrowed my pen, but I dont rem

2、ember who. 有人借了我的钢笔，但我不记得是谁了。 He said he was our friend, yet he wouldnt help us. 他说他是我们的朋友，但却不肯帮我们。,2.表示因果关系的并列连词。这类词主要有for, so等。 The child had a bad cough, so his mother took him to the hospital. 这孩子咳得厉害，所以他妈妈带她去看医生。 You are supposed to get rid of carelessness, for it often leads to serious errors.

3、 你们一定要丢掉粗心大意的习惯，因为粗心大意常引起严重的错误。 For表示原因通常不能放在句首，也不单独使用。,3.表示并列关系的并列连词。这类连词主要有and, or, eitheror, neithernor, not onlybut also, bothand, as well as等。 He didnt go and she didnt go, either. The weather is mild today; it is neither hot nor cold. Both New York and London have traffic problems. It is impor

4、tant for you as well as for me. People who are either under or over age may not join the army.,二、从属连词的用法,1.引导时间状语从句的从属连词。 （1）表示“当的时候”或“每当”的时间连词。主要有when, while, as, whenever等。 Dont talk while you are eating. Vegetables are best when they are fresh. He came just as I was leaving. (2)表示 “在之前后的时间连词。只要有b

5、efore, after等。,Try to finish your work before you leave. After we have finished tea, we will sit on the grass. (3)表示 “自从”或 “直到”的时间连词。主要有since, until, till等。 He has been playing tennis since she was eight. Hold on till I fetch help. Never trouble trouble until trouble troubles you.,（4）表示 “一就”的时间连词。主要

6、有as soon as, the moment, the second, the instant, immediately, directly, instantly, once, no soonerthan, hardly/scarcelywhen等。 Ill let you know as soon as I hear from her. The moment I have finished Ill call you. I came immediately I heard the news. Once you begin you must continue.,(5) 表示 “上次”、“下次”

7、、“每次”等的时间连词。主要有every time, each time, any time, next time, last time, the first time. Ill tell him about it next time I see him. We lose a few cells every time we wash our hands. You can call me any time you want to.,2.引导条件状语从句的从属连词。 这类连词主要有if, unless, as/so long as, in case等。 Do you mind if I open

8、the window? Dont come unless I telephone you. As long as youre happy, it doesnt matter what you do. In case it rains they stay at home. 注意： If you will (愿意) sit down for a few moments, I will tell you the manager youre here.,3.引导目的状语从句的从属连词。主要有in order to, so that, for fear等。 He raised his voice so

9、that everyone could hear. She repeated the instructions slowly in order that he should understand. 4.引导结果状语从句的从属连词。主要有so that, sothat, suchthat等。 I went to the lecture early so that I got a good seat.,I had so many falls that I was black and blue all over. He shut the window with such great force th

10、at the glass broke. 5.引导原因状语从句的从属连词。主要有because, as, since, seeing that, now that, considering that等。 He distrusted me because I was new. As you are sorry, Ill forgive you. Since we have no money, we cant buy it.,Seeing that he is ill, he is unlikely to come. Now that she has apologized, I am content

11、. 6.引导让步状语从句的从属连词。主要有although, though, even though, even if, while 等。 Although we are twins, we look entirely different. I like her even though she can be annoying. 说明： however, whatever, whoever, whenever, wherever 等也可引导让步状语从句。,You wont move the stone, however strong you are. Whatever we have achie

12、ved, we owe it to your support. Whoever you are, you cant pass this way. 7.引导方式状语从句的从属连词。主要有as, as if, as though, the way等。 Why didnt you catch the last bus as I told you to？,He bent the iron bar as if it had been made of rubber. Nobody else loves you the way (as) I do. 8.引导地点状语从句的从属连词。主要有where, whe

13、rever, everywhere, anywhere等。 The church was built where there had once been a Roman temple. Ill take you anywhere you like. Everywhere I go, I find the same thiong.,9.引导比较状语从句的从属连词。主要有than和asas等。 He was now happier than she had ever been. I glanced at my watch. It was earlier than I thought. He doe

14、snt work as hard as his wife. 10.引导名词从句的从属连词。主要有that, whether等，它们可以引导主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句和同位语从句，其中that不仅不充当句子成分，而且也没有词义，在句子中只起连接作用；而if, whether虽不充当句子成分，但有词义，即表示“是否”。,He replied that he was going by train. I wonder if its large enough. I worry about whether I hurt her feeling.,三、几组常用连词的用法区别,1.when, while,

15、as的用法区别：三者均可表示“当时候”，区别如下： （1）若主句表示的是一个短暂性的动作，而从句表示的是一个持续性动作时，三者都可用。如： He fell asleep when/while/as he was reading. I met him when/while/as I was taking a walk in the park.,说明：,As 用于引出一个持续性动作表示 “在期间”时，其谓语通常只能是那些含有动作（action)和发展（development)意味的动词，一般不能是那些不用于进行时态的动词（如 be, seem, love, want, agree, see, kn

16、ow, have等），所以下面句子中的while不能换为as: A: Im going to the post office? B: While you are there, can you get me some stamps?,(2)若主/从句表示两个同时进行的持续性动作,且强调主句表示的动作延续到从句所指的整个时间,通常要用while.如： Dont talk while youre eating. I kept silent while he was writing. 但是，若主句、从句表示的两个同时进行的动作含有“一边一边”之意时，通常要用as。如： She sang as she

17、went along.,(3)若从句是一个短暂性动作，而主句是一个持续性动作，可以用as或when,但不可以用while。 When /As he came in, I was listening to the radio. It was raining hard when/as we arrived.,(4)若主、从句表示的是两个同时（或几乎同时）发生的暂时性动作，一般也用as/when。 I thought of it just when/as you opened your mouth. (5)若要表示正在发展变化的情况，相当于汉语的 “随着”，一般用as。如： Things are getting better and better as time goes on. (6)As 和when之后均可直接跟一个名词，构成省略句；但是while一般不这样用。,As/When a boy