中学英语解题教学定语从句

1、定语从句概念：在复合句中修饰某一名词或代词的从句称为定于从句，被修饰的名词或代词称为先行词。,who指人：作主语 Eg: I know the man _ is talking with my mother. Whom 指人：作宾语 可以省略 Eg: The people _ you met in the campus yesterday are from England. which 指物：作主语 The bicycle the brake of _was damaged has now been repaired. which指物：作宾语可以省略 The book _ you are re

2、ading is written by an American novelist. that 指人：作主语 that 指物：作宾语可以省略,关系副词： when why where 关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点或理由的名词，在从句中作状语。 作状语符合的条件（1）主语谓语宾语 （2）主语 vi (3) 主语be p.p (被动语态） Eg: He will always remember the day when his father returned from America. Eg: This was the time when she left for Beijng. Eg: l

3、dont know the reason why he didnt come to the meeting yesterday morning. Eg: The bookstore where his sister works is the largest one in Nanjing. 注意：地点名词后当然可以接从句，但其他如case，point，condition，situation等表示“情况，方面”等的名词后也可接where从句。 Eg: There are some cases where this rule does not hold good. Eg: They are in a

4、 difficult situation where all efforts seem futile Eg: I will show you the point where you fail.,介词+关系代词 结构问题 要点如下： 1.介词+关系代词 结构可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定于从句。 2.关系代词只能有两个：whom（指人），which （指物） 3.介词可以是in, on, about, from, for , through , with, to, at, against, without, during 4.介词的选用或根据上下文表达的意思，或根据先行词的习惯搭配

5、，或根据定语从句中某些词或短语的习惯搭配，有时候，这个介词可能就是做定于从句谓语动词的一个固定介词（如 sail for 中 的for, choose from中from.) eg: She stood near the north window, from where she could see the whole garden. eg: The author with whom all of us are familiar will visit our company. eg: I cant remember the age at which he won the prize. eg: T

6、here is only one problem about which the disagree. 注意：两个词或三个词构成的固定短语动词，在定语从句中一般不宜将介词分开放在关系代词前， 如 listen to , look at, depend on, pay attention to, take care of, 等。 eg: This is the girl whom he will take care of,只用that的几种情况：,1、先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。 This is the most interesting book that l have ever read. 2

7、、先行词是序数词或被序数词修饰。 The second foreign country that l expect to visit is Greek. 3、先行词是不定代词时，如all、few、little、much、anything、nothing、something This is the very good dictionary that I want to buy. 4.、先行词既有人又有物时 Can you remember the scientist and his theory that we have learned? 5、先行词被“only”、“the every”、“no

8、”、“one of”等修饰 He is the only person that l want to talk to. 6、在以“which”、“who”、“whom” 引起的问句中，为避免重复，常用that Who is the man that is standing there? Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? 7、先行词在主句中作表语，或者关系代词本身作从句的表语是宜用“that” “that”在作宾语时可省略 eg: our school is not the largest place that it used to be,只用whi

9、ch不用that 1）当主句先行词后有介词时，用which。2）非限定性定语从句，用which。 as,which非限定性定语从句 由as,which引导的非限定性定语从句，as和which可代整个主句，相当于andthis或andthat。As一般放在句首，which在句中。 Asweknow,smokingisharmfultooneshealth. Thesunheatstheearth,whichisveryimportanttous. 典型例题 1）Alicereceivedaninvitationfromherboss,_cameasasurprise. A.itB.thatC.w

10、hichD.he 答案C.此为非限定性从句，不能用that修饰，而用which.，it和he都使后句成为句子，两个独立的句子不能单以逗号连接。况且选he句意不通。 2.Theweatherturnedouttobeverygood,_wasmorethanwecouldexpect. A.whatB.whichC.thatD.it 答案B。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定语从句，而what不可。That不能用于非限定性定语从句，it不为连词，使由逗号连接的两个句子并在一起在英语语法上行不通。 3）Itrainedhardyesterday,_preventedmefromgoingtoth

11、epark. A.thatB.whichC.asD.it,答案B. as和which在引导非限制性定语从句时，这两个关系代词都指主句所表达的整个意思，且在定语从句中都可以作主语和宾语。但不同之处主要有两点： (1）as引导的定语从句可置于句首，而which不可。 (2）as代表前面的整个主句并在从句中作主语时，从句中的谓语必须是系动词；若为行为动词，则从句中的关系代词只能用which.。 在本题中，prevent由于是行为动词，所以正确选项应为B。,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的差异的比较：,1:I dont like people who lose their temper easily

12、. 2:Boys who attend this school have to wear uniforms. 3:He lent me a thousand dollars, which was exactly the amount I needed. 4:He has two sisters ,who are working in the city. 5:Harry was clever, diligent and willing to help others, for which he was often praised by the teachers. 用关系代词还是用关系副词： 弄清楚

13、代替先行词的关系词在从句中作什么成分，是主语，宾语，定语，还是状语。 辨别先行词表示的是人，物， 时间，地点，还是原因。 辨别从句时限制性的还是非限制性的。,定语从句练习:,1.Donttalkaboutsuchthingsof_youarenotsure. A.which B.what C.as D.those 2.Isthisthefactory_youvisitedtheotherday? A.that B.where C.inwhich D.theone 3.Isthisfactory_someforeignfriendsvisitedlastFriday? A.that B.wher

14、eC.which D.theone 4.Isthisthefactory_heworkedtenyearsago? A.that B.where C.which D.theone,5.Thewolveshidthemselvesintheplaces_couldntbefound. A.that B.where C.inwhich D.inthat 6.Thefreezingpointisthetemperature_waterchangesintoice. A.atwhich B.onthat C.inwhich D.ofwhat 7.Thisbookwillshowyou_canbeuse

15、dinothercontexts. A.howyouhaveobserved B.whatyouhaveobserved C.thatyouhaveobserved D.howthatyouhaveobserved 8.This is the reason_heisunabletooperatethemachine. A.because B.why C.that D.whether 9.Illtellyou_hetoldmelastweek. A.allwhich B.that C.allthat D.which,10.Thattree,_branchesarealmostbare,isver

16、yold. A.whose B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.onwhich 11.Ihaveboughtthesamedress_sheiswearing. A.as B.that C.which D.what 12.Hefailedintheexamination,_madehisfatherveryangry. A.which B.it C.that D.what 13.Weretalkingaboutthepianoandthepianist_wereintheconcertweattendedlastnight. A.which B.whom C.who D.that 14

17、.Thegirl_anEnglishsonginthenextroomisTomssister. A.whoissinging B.issinging C.sang D.wassinging 15.Those_notonlyfrombooksbutalsothroughpracticewillsucceed. A.learn B.who C.thatlearns D.wholearn,16.Anyone_thisopinionmayspeakout. A.thatagainsts B.thatagainst C.whoisagainst D.whoareagainst 17.Didntyous

18、eetheman_? A.Inoddedjustnow B.whomInoddedjustnow C.Inoddedtohimjustnow D.Inoddedtojustnow 18.Canyoulendmethenovel_theotherday? A.thatyoutalked B.youtalkedaboutit C.whichyoutalkedwith D.youtalkedabout 19.Isthereanything_toyou? A.thatisbelonged B.thatbelongs C.thatbelongD.whichbelongs,20.-“Howdoyoulik

19、ethebook?” -“Itsquitedifferentfrom_Ireadlastmonth.” A.that B.which C.theone D.theonewhat 21.Mr.Zhanggavethetextbooktoallthepupilsexcept_whohadalreadytakenthem. A.theones B.ones C.some D.theothers 22.Thetrain_shewastravellingwaslate. A.which B.where C.onwhich D.inthat 23.Hehaslostthekeytothedrawer_th

20、epapersarekept. A.what B.inwhich C.underwhich D.which 24.Antarctic_weknowverylittleiscoveredwiththickicealltheyearround. A.which B.where C.that D.aboutwhich 25.Itsthethirdtime_latethismonth. A.thatyouarrived B.whenyouarrived C.thatyouvearrived D.whenyouvearrived,26.Itwasin1969_theAmericanastronautsu

21、cceededinlandingonthemoon. A.that B.which C.when D.inwhich 27.Maythefourthistheday_weChinesepeoplewillneverforget. A.which B.when C.onwhich D.aboutwhich 28.WearegoingtospendtheSpringFestivalinGuangzhou,_livemygrandparentsandsomerelatives. A.which B.that C.who D.where 29.Thehotel_duringourholidayssta

22、ndsbytheseaside. A.westayedat B.wherewestayedat C.westayed D.inthatwestayed 30.Isitinthatfactory_“RedFlag”carsareproduced? A.inwhich B.where C.which D.that,31.ItistheSuezCanal_separatesAsia_Africa. A.which,to B.where,from C.that,from D.that,with 32.Underthebridge,however,almostdirectlybelow,_wasasma

23、llcanoe,withaboyinit. A.there B.where C.it D.which 33.Heisnot_afool_. A.such,asheislooked B.such,ashelooks C.as,asheislooked D.so,ashelooks 34.Isthatthereason_youareinfavouroftheproposal? A.which B.what C.why D.forthat 35.HemustbefromAfrica,_canbeseenfromhisskin. A.that B.as C.who D.what,36.Hehastwo

24、sons,_workaschemists. A.twoofwhom B.bothofwhom C.bothofwhich D.allofwhom 37.I,_yourgoodfriend,willtrymybesttohelpyouout. A.whois B.whoam C.thatis D.whatis 38.Heisamanofgreatexperience,_muchcanbelearned. A.who B.that C.fromwhich D.fromwhom 39.-Doyouknowthetownatall? -No,thisisthefirsttimeI_here. A.wa

25、s B.havebeen C.came D.amcoming 40.Idontlike_youspeaktoher. A.theway B.thewayinthat C.thewaywhich D.thewayofwhich,41.Thetwothings_theyfeltveryproudareJimsgoldwatchandDellashair. A.aboutwhich B.ofwhich C.inwhich D.forwhich 42.Thedinnerwasthemostexpensivemealwe_. A.wouldhave B.havehad C.hadneverhad D.h

26、adeverhad 43.Doyouknowwhichhotel_? A.sheisstaying B.sheisstayingin C.isshestaying D.isshestayingin 44.Thereisonlyonething_Icando. A.what B.that C.all D.which 45.Whocanthinkofasituation_thisidiomcanbeused? A.which B.that C.where D.inthat,46.Ihavemanybooks,someof_areonchemistry. A.them B.that C.which

27、D.those 47.Theywereinterested_youtoldthem. A.inwhich B.inthat C.allthat D.ineverything 48.Theastronautdidmanyexperimentsinthespaceship,_muchhelpforknowingspace. A.whichwethinkitis B.whichwethinkareof C.ofwhichwethinkis D.Ithinkwhichisof 49.Thegreatdaywelookedforwardto_atlast. A.come B.came C.coming

28、D.comes 50.Ilikethesecondfootballmatch_washeldlastweek. A.which B.who C.that D./,参考答案： 15AADBA610ABBCA1115AADAD 1620CDDBC2125ACBDC2630AADAD 3135CABCB3640BBDBA4145BDBBC 4650CDBBC,1.IS there a bar around _ I can have something to eat? A that B.what C. which D.where 2.The house,_ was destroyed in the t

29、errible fire,has been repaired A.The roof of which B.which roof C.its roof D. the roof 3.Edison made a lot of inventions,_ of great importance. A.Which I think are B.which I think they are C.Which I think they D. I think which are 4.I will talk about a newly-opened market_ you may get all_ you need

30、In which ;which B. where ; that C. where; what D. which ;that 5. Can you lend me the novel _the other day? A. that you talked B. you talked about it C. which you talked with D. you talked about 6._ is mentioned above, the number of the students in senior high school is increasing. Which B. AS C. Tha

31、t D .It,7.The fence in our garden,_ my father built many years ago, has lasted for a long time. A. That B. which C. what D. where 8.When lost in work,_ he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. what B. so C ,just like D. as 9.A football fan is _ has a strong interest in football.

32、a thing that B. something that C. a person who D. what 10. We travellled together as far as Chicago,_ we said goodbye to each other. 11.The matter_ you were arguing about last night has been settled. A. that B. what C. why D for which 12.Will you please show me the way to the only tall building _sta

33、nds near the post office? A. / B. in which C. that D. where,13.His sister had become a teacher, _ was what he wanted to be Who B. what C. that D. which 14.With the development of agriculture, the people_ village I taught before have lived a happy life. Who B. whose C. in whose D. in which 15.I hope

34、you will find this valley a beautiful place_ you may spend your weekend. A, which B, that C. when D . Where 16.He must be from Africa,_ can be seen from his skin . that B. as C. it D. what,非谓语动词,定义：在句子中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词(the Non-Finite Verbs)。非谓语动词也是动词的一种，他们有着动词的其他特点，可以充当主语、宾语、状语等。非谓语动词与谓语动词

35、是相对的概念。 分词：现在分词 v-ing,作定语 单个分词作定语时放在所修饰名词前 arunningboy a sleeping girl a dancing girl 分词短语作定语：= 定语从句 A girl standing there is my sister.=A girl who is standing there is my sister. 作表语： 主语+系v.+表语 系动词: be ,get , become , seem, sound. Eg: The news she brought us was very exciting . 注意：有些动词用现在分词作表语(补语，定

36、语） lie stand sit miss丢失 Eg: The boy is sitting at the back of row Eg: The old man is missing. Eg:The boy is standing at the gate. 补语：感官动词 see ,hear ,feel , watch , notice 使役动词 have, get ,keep, send ,set ,find Eg: I hear Xiao Ming singing . Eg: I will get your car going again. 注意：hear，see 两种用法： hear

37、sb do sth 变被动语态：还原to,Eg:I saw him cross the road.- He was seen to cross the road. see /hear sb doing sth Eg: I heard a girl singing - A girl was heard singing . 作状语：现在分词作状语表时间， 原因，条件， 让步，结果， 伴随或方式，且可以转化成相应的状语从句。 作状语符合的条件：主从句主语一致 主从句动作由同一主语发出 动作表主动 时间： When they heard the bad news, they couldnt help

38、crying . - Hearing the bad news, they couldnt help crying. 2.表原因： Because he had been to Great wall many times, he didnt go there last week. Having been to Great wall many times, he didnt go there last week.,条件状语： If you go there by train, you will get there early. Going there by train, you will get

39、 there early. 注意： 祈使句+and/or + 句子 出题对比： Working hard, you will pass the exam. Work hard, and you will pass the exam. Hurrying up, you will be late. Hurry up, or you will be late. 表结果（自然结果） In Sydney the Chinese got 28 gold medals, ranking the third of all the competing countries. Other waste may be

40、thrown into the sea, depending on the nature of the materials,让步： Although the box was so heavy, it was moved by him alone. Being so heavy, it was moved by him alone. 伴随： He sent me an e-mail, hoping to get further information. You can not catch me , Marry shouted, running away. She sat at the desk

41、, reading a book. 过去分词： 1.作定语 单一的过去分词作定语至于名词之前 the broken cup the polluted water the wasted time 注意： the money left the remaining money 2.作表语： The shop is closed. The cup is broken .,作补语：a:感官动词: hear . see. notice. feel . find b:使役动词：make, let , have, get, keep have/get + 过去分词 表示该动作不是由主语完成的，而是由别人完成的

42、。Eg: How often do you have /get your hair cut? He had some pictures taken in the park. c:have/get+过去分词,表主语的一种经历 Eg:I had my right hand broken yesterday. LiMing had his bike stolen . d: make oneself + 过去分词 Eg: I speak louder in order to make myself heard. Eg: I explain this sentence again and again i

43、n order to make myself understood. 作状语：过去分词作状语， 修饰谓语， 表时间， 原因条件，结果， 让步 或伴随。 A: 表时间： When the ice is heated, it changes into water.,Heated, it changes into water. 2. When he was questioned about this thing , he came tense. Questioned about this thing, he came tense. 3.After I had been asked many time

44、s, I told him the result. Having been asked many times, I told him the result. 4.表原因： Because he had finished the work, he went home . Having finished the work, he went home. 5.表条件： If we are compared with you, we still have a long way to go . Compared with you, we still have a long way to go. 6.表伴随

45、： The teacher came into the classroom followed by his students.,He came back, very excited. 动名词：动名词在句子中起名词的作用，可作主语，表语， 宾语，定语。,下列词可以加动名词形式： advise, suggest ,admit, appreciate ,avoid ,bear ,allow, permit ,dislike, forbid , delay, stand, consider, enjoy, finish, mind, imagine, risk, escape ,keep ,miss

46、practise, report, forgive , prevent.,下列短语后可接动名词： think of , result in, succeed in, set about, be busy, get down to, object to, pay attention to, be responsible for, prevent from, keep from, stop from, look forward to , depend on, feel like, devote to , get used to/be used to, be fond of, see to. 固定短

47、语搭配： have /has difficulty in doing sth. Be worth doing = be worthy of being done =be worth to be done. 动名词的复合结构：为了强调动名词动作的发出者，此时在前加一个逻辑主语。 1.当动名词出现在句首时，它的逻辑主语是名词所有格，形容词性物主代词。 Eg: His / Toms being late made me angry. 2. 当动名词没有出现在句首时，其逻辑主语为形容词性的物主代词，名词所有格，名词普通格，人称代词的宾格。 Eg: I cant imagine you /his/him

48、/Tom/Toms passing the exam.,动名词的否定形式： a: 一般式的否定式直接在动名词前直接加not b:完成式的否定式在动名词前加not c:含有逻辑主语的否定句在逻辑主语和动名词的中间加not 动名词的基本用法： 1.作主语： Checking information is very important . 2.作表语： His hobby is painting 。 3.作动词的宾语 He imagined finding a wallet on the sidewalk. 4.作介词宾语： go on , get through , insist on , kee

49、p on, care for , give up put off , dream of, be engaged in, 5.作定语： writing table , sleeping bag,不定式：,不定式一般式： Eg: I am glad to see you.(所表动作和主要动词动作同时发生） Eg:They invite us to go to the party this evening(所表动作发生在主要动词动作之后） 不定式的完成式：不定式的动作发生在主要动词动作之前，强调对现在造成的影响） I am sorry to have done that They are said

50、to have passed the exam. She seems to have known the secret. 不定式的进行式：所表动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行） They seem to be talking something unimportant. 不定式的完成进行式：所表动作在谓语动词所表动作之前发生，而且一直进行着） He was happy to have been staying with his uncle . 形式宾语： 构成：主语+谓语+it +adj/ n.+ to do. 谓语：find make consider think believe feel

51、Eg: I think it necessary to go to school.,疑问词+不定式 主语：what to do next is not known. 表语： The question is where to go. 宾语：I cant decide which to buy. 补语：He was seen to play football. 下列动词必须用不定式充当宾语 Allow , forbid , advise , get , force , invite , wish, force, warn , prefer, remind , cause, prefer He wa

52、s forbidden to smoke . 注意；一些如 think , consider, believe, suppose, feel, prove, imagine 后 加 to be + adj. Eg: I think it to be right. Eg: His words proved to be right. 作定语： 不定式作定语， 放在所修饰名词之后，通常表将来的一个动作，与名词之间存在有动宾关系,（1）有些名词常用不定式作定语 Way , chance , time , opportunity , right , reason. Eg: The way to prod

53、uce the most food is to let farmers grow crops. Eg: I miss the chance to give the lessons the first , the second , the last , the only Eg: He was the first person to come here. 注意： 不定式和前面的名词存在逻辑的动宾关系，因此不定式后的动词是及物动词，若为不及物动词，动词后必须有相应的介词。 Eg: We have a lot of work to do. Eg: They have a lot of rooms to

54、 live in Eg:This is the music to listen to 作状语：不定式作状语， 表目的， 结果， 原因， 修饰动词。 1.目的状语：可以放句中，句首 The whole family went to beach to spend their holiday. To save the child , he laid down his life. To pass the exam, he worked hard at his lessons.,结果状语：固定句型：too.to He is too hurry to go home . so as to . He was

55、 so kind as to help me . adj /adv+ enough +to do You are old enough to do that. such + n +as + to do I am such a fool as to believe that only+ to do : (表出乎意料） I hurried to the station only to find the train had gone. 原因状语：be+adj.+to do / to have done 充当表语的形容词有： happy, glad , pleased , angry, willing

56、 ,sad, anxious, eager, worried.) Eg: I am glad to see you . Eg: I am pleased to help you. 动词不定式的特殊情况： 不定式的完成式：a: intended, expected, hoped, promised ,were, wanted, planned, wished, promised, desired, was.表示未实现的愿望， 期待或计划，也用来先与谓语动词动作发生或状态。 Eg: I hoped to have finished the work early. Eg: I intended to

57、 have come to see you . Eg: He was to have fetched you here. b:用在seem ,appear, think , consider, believe + to have done. 表一个动作先于另一个动作发生。,Eg: I seem to have seen him somewhere before. Eg: He was believed to have been a reporter. Eg: He seems to have been ill. 不定式的省略： 1.当几个不定式具有同样的功能时，to 只用在第一个不定式之前，避免重复。 Eg: The policeman ordered me to clean the floor and close the window. 2. 在以 why 引导的疑问句中不用to Why not try again? Why not do it rig