定语从句专项讲解加练习4课件人教版必修二.ppt

1、定语从句,定语：,用于修饰名词或代词,He is a clever boy. 他是一个聪明的男孩。 He is a physics teacher. 他是一个物理老师。 Australia is an English-speaking country. 澳大利亚是一个讲英语的国家。,定语从句：,由一个句子充当定语,即在复合句中修饰名词或代词的从句,定语从句的位置：,在修饰名词或代词后,先行词：,引导词：,引导定语从句的词 关系代词 who, whom, whose, which, that, as 关系副词 when, where, why,被定语从句修饰的名词或代词,e.g. This is

2、 the car which he bought last year.,先行词,定语从句,引导词的作用： (1) 引导定语从句 (2) 在从句中作一成分 (3) 代替先行词在从句中的 位置,关系代词,apple,the red the green the small the big,The apple which is red is mine.,The apple which is green is yours.,The apple which is red is small.,The apple which is green is big.,指人,作主语,作宾语,作定语,指物,既指人 也指物

3、,who that,whom who that,whose,that which,that which,whose,that,that,whose,作表语,that,that,that,关系代词的指代关系,whose指物时, 可以与 of which 调换,关系代词作宾语可省略,引导定语从句关系代词的用法：,1)A plane is a machine that/which can fly.,2)The noodles that/which I cooked were delicious.,3)Lets ask the man that/who is reading the book over

4、 there.,4)The girl whom/who/that we saw yesterday is Jims sister.,(主语),(宾语),(主语),(宾语),指人whom/who/that都可作宾语，whom为最好选择,5)Thats the man whose house was burned down.,(定语),3. The house _ they built in 1987 stayed up in the earthquake.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, that, which or whose.,1. The earthq

5、uake_ hit the city in 1906 was the biggest in American history.,2. We dont know the number of people _ lost their homes in 1906 earthquake.,that / which,that / who,which /that,6. Harry is the boy _ mother is our maths teacher .,4. A house _ is built on sand may fall down in a earthquake.,5. Luckily

6、none of the people _ I know were killed in the earthquake .,which / that,who/whom/that,whose,whose 引导的定语从句应注意以下几点： 1.whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词 Thats the child whose drawing we looked at just now.,2. whose 引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，也可指物 I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.,4. Whose 的先行词指物时,

7、可用of which 代替whose.指人不可 whose + n = the + n + of which= of which+ the + n. He lives in the room whose window faces south. = He lives in the room, the window of which faces south.,3. whose 在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间 Tom , on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.,that和which在指物

8、的情况下一般都可以互换, 但在下列情况下,只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词,(1)先行词是不定代词all, no, none,everyone, something, much, little等或被不定代词所修饰 I am sure she has something (that) you can borrow.,Note,(2)先行词被序数词或形容词最高级修饰时。,a. This is the first book (that) he has read. b. She is the most beautiful girl (that) I have ever seen.,注意：当先行词指

9、人时，偶尔也可以用who Any man that/.who has a sense of duty wont do such a thing.,This is the very book that belongs to him. The old car is the only thing (that) he owned. This is the same book (that) I lent you yesterday.,(3)先行词被the only, the very, the same, the last修饰时。,正是,the samethat同一 the sameas同样,(4) 先

10、行词中指人又指物 (5) 若主句中有疑问代词which ,what a. Who is the man that is standing there? b. Which is the T-shirt that fits me most? c. what that is on the table belongs to you?,当先行词指人时，偶尔也可以用who Wang Hua is the only person in our school who will attend the meeting？,补充:若主句中有疑问代词who(指人)用that引导,(6) 关系代词在定语从句作表语时 Sh

11、e is no longer the girl that she was before she went to the university. (7)在there be 句型中 There is a book that is on the table. There is a girl who is my sister.,there be 句型中, 先行词是人, 关系代词用who, 是物用that.,(8)句中有两个定语从句时，第 一个的关系代词已用了who 或 which, 第二个定语从句的关系代词用that. Our English teacher is the man who is tal

12、king with the girl that is in red.,1. Ive read all the books which I borrowed from the library.,which that或去掉which。当先行词被all, every, no, some, any, little等修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。,2. This is the best film which I have ever seen.,which that或去掉which。当先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级或the only, the very等所修饰时,常用that引导定语从句。,3. My

13、 father and Mr. Smith talked about things and persons who they remembered in the country.,如果先行词既指人又指物时, 常用that引导定语从句。,that,4. Everything which we saw was of great interest.,当先行词为something, anything, everything, nothing, all等时,常由that引导定语从句。,which that或去掉which。,不用that的场合如下： 1）非限制性定语从句中 Last night ,I s

14、aw a very good film, which was about the Long March . 2）介词放在关系代词之前时 This is the man from whom I learnt the news 3）句中出现了that，或先行词是that时 I have found that which I was looking for.,1.The man _ I saw told me to wait. 2.The man to _ I spoke was a foreigner. 3. I know a boy _ father is an acrobat. (杂技演员)

15、4. He saw a house _ windows were all broken.,Fill in the blanks with who, whom, whose, which and that.,who,whom,whose,whose,1.This is all_I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2Is there anything else_you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3.The last place _we visited was t

16、he Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it,A,B,B,4.He talked happily about the men and books_ interested him greatly in the school. A. which B. that C. it D. whom 5.There is no dictionary_you can find everything. A. that B.which C. where D. in that 6.This is one of the best books_. A. that have

17、ever been written B. that has ever been written C. that has written D. that have written,B,A,A,7.He wrote a letter to me,telling me everything_ _ he saw on the way to the Paris. A. what B. that C. which D. where 8.Is oxygen the only gas_helps fire burn? A. that B. / C. which D. it 9.Is there anythin

18、g_to you? A. that is belonged B. that belongs C. which belongs D. that belong 10.The scientist and his achievements_you told me about are admired by us all. A. which B. that C. who D. whose 11.Which of the books_were borrowed from him is the best? A. which B. what C. that D. whose,B,A,B,B,C,指人时，一定要用

19、“who”的： 先行词为 those等不定代词 Anyone who doesnt study hard will not pass the exam. 主句为“There be” 句型 Theres a student who is from Beijing. 人称代词：he, me, we等 He who has never been to the Great Wall is not a true man. 非限制性定语从句中用who不用that Toms brother, who lives in London, is an engineer.,Note, 先行词后有一个较长的句子成分

20、I met a foreigner in the city last week who could speak Chinese well. 1.This is all_I know about the matter. A. that B. what C. who D. whether 2Is there anything else_you require? A. which B. that C. who D. what 3.The last place _we visited was the Great Wall. A. which B. that C. where D. it,A,B,B,介

21、词关系代词引导的定语从句 先行词：物 - 介词+which 人 - whom 物/人 - whose+n,The room in which there is a machine is workshop. The man with whom I talked just now is my maths teacher. This is the boss in whose factory my father works,注意: 1. 介词关系代词引导的定语从句,关键是判断介词的选择 看从句谓语部分缺少什么介词(习惯搭配) 先行词放在从句中需不需要添介词 通过整个句子整体含义来判断 2. whom,

22、 which作介词宾语时,介词一般可放在which之前, 也可放在从句原来的位置上,在含有介词的动词固定词组中,介词只能放在原来的位置上.,1.Do you know who lives in the building _there is a well? A. in front of it B. in front of whose C. in front of which D. in front which 2. The woman _ my brother spoke just now is my teacher. who B. to whom C. to who D whom 3. His

23、 glasses, _ he was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke. A. which B. with which C. without which D. that,4.I have bought two ballpens, _ writes well. A. none of which B. neither of which C. none of them D. neither of them 5.The Second World War _ millions of people were killed was in 1945.

24、 A. during which B. in that C. where D. on which,6. They held a meeting, _ which the hospital director made a speech. 7. The book, _ which he paid 6 yuan ,is worth reading. 8. Is this the man _ whose house the police found the lost coloured TV?,at,for,in,9. Wu Dong,_ whom I went to the concert, enjo

25、yed it very much. 10.The stories about Long March, _ which this is one example, are well written.,with,of,注意: 3.介词关系代词前可有some, any, none, all, neither, most, each, few等代词或数词 He loved his parents deeply, both of whom are very kind to him. 2) The book contains 20 stories, 8 of which are about Leifeng.

26、 3) I have many good friends, each of whom helped me a lot.,注意: from where为介词关系副词结构, 但也可引导定语从句 He hid behind the door, from _ he could see what was happening in the room. There is a library near my home, from _ I can borrow many books.,where,which,whose 引导的定语从句应注意以下几点： 1.whose 引导定语从句，在从句中作定语其后应紧跟名词

27、Thats the child whose drawing we looked at just now.,2. whose 引导定语从句，其先行词可指人，也可指物 I saw some trees whose leaves were black with disease.,4. Whose 的先行词指物时, 可用of which 代替whose.指人不可 whose + n = the + n + of which= of which+ the + n. He lives in the room whose window faces south. = He lives in the room,

28、 the window of which faces south.,3. whose 在定语从句中与它所修饰的名词一起可作介词宾语,可以与介词一起放在先行词与从句之间 Tom , on whose bike I went to school is a friend of mine.,1. Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase,_ was very reasonable. A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose 2. The dictionary,

29、_ I paid 80 dollars, was stolen. A. which B. that C. for which D .to which 3. Grandma Liang has two sons,_ are soldiers. A. two of whom B. whom C. both of whom D. one of them 4. He arrived half an hour late, _ made us unhappy. A. that B. as B. what D. which,B,C,C,D,关系副词 when, where, why的用法,关系副词都等于一个

30、适当的介词which，在从句中作状语,When = in/at/on/+which; Where = in/at/on/+which; Why = for /+which,作状语：关系副词 when 时间 where 地点 why 原因,1. This is the factory _ he works. 2. I dont know the reason _ he was late. 3. I still remember the day _ I met him.,where,why,when,=in which,for which,on which, The day I met him f

31、irst was May 1st. The year I came here was 1998. The reason he was late was that he got up late.,when,when,for which,on which,in which,why,关系代词和关系副词如何区别？,1.取决于从句中的谓语动词。不及物动词后面无宾语，就必须用关系副词或介词+关系代词；而及物动词后接宾语，则要求用关系代词。 2.要看他们在从句中作什么成份而定。或者说，假如把先行词放到从句中是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。 1）This is the mountain village where

32、 I stayed last year. 2）Ill never forget the days when I worked together with you. 3）Ill never forget the days (which) I spent in the countryside.,1.Ill never forget the days _we spent together in Paris. 2.Ill remember the days _we stayed together. 3.This is the factory _we visited last year. 4.This

33、is the house _Lincoln once lived.,thatwhich,when,thatwhich,where,vt.,vi.,vt.,vi.,during which,in which,5.The reason _he missed the speech is that he forgot the time. 6.The reason _he gave us sounded reasonable.,why,thatwhich,(合理的）,for which,This is the house . I lived in it two years ago.,This is th

34、e house_ I lived in two years ago.,This is the house _ I lived two years ago.,This is the house _ I lived two years ago.,(that/which),in which,where,限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的部分，去掉它 主句意思往往不明确；,非限制性定语从句是先行词的附加说明，去掉了也 不会影响主句的意思，它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。,(1)This is the house which we bought last month.,（限制

35、性）,(2)The house, which we bought last month, is very nice.,(非限制性）,(3)Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.,(非限制性）,说明：1.关系代词that和关系副词why不能引导非限制性定语从句。 2.引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词在 从句作宾语不可省略。,1.We should learn from those_are always ready to help others. A.who B.whom C.they D.that 2.Mr. Her

36、pin is one of the foreign experts who_in China. A.works B.is working C.are working D.has been working 3 .Tom is the only one of the students who_to Shanghai. A.have gone B.have been C.has been D.had gone,A,C,C,4.He has left for Beijing,_a meeting is to be held. A.when B.where C.as D.which 5.This is

37、the very place_Im wishing to live in. A.where B.which C.that D.in which 6.She wrote a letter to her father,_she made her secret known. A.which B.that C.in which D.where 7.Oxygen is a kind of gas,_we couldnt live. A.without it B.without that C.without which D.if not 8.I,_your good friend,will try my

38、best to help you out. A.who is B.who am C.that is D.which am,B,C,C,C,B,1.which和as都能引导限制性定语从句，指代主句的某一个词，在从句中充当主语或宾语。,但as通常用在the same.as , suchas , asas结构中 I will give you such things as you may need. This is the same watch as I lost. This is the same watch that I lost.,“as”和”which”引导定语从句的区别,同一,同样,2.w

39、hich和as都能引导非限制性定语从句,a. As we expected, he passed the exam. b. He took away my photo, which made me unhappy. c. The house, which they built 2 years ago, fell down in the earthquake.,1)as引导非限制性定语从句时只能指代整个句子。而which既可指代前面整个句子，也可指代前面句子中的一个词或短语。,3)as 本身有“正如.正象”. 的含义,常用于as is announced / expected / known /

40、 reported / said / imagined / shown或as usually happen, as is often the case, as we know等句型,2)as和which引导的非限制性定语从句指代整个主句, as引导的从句可放在主句之前、之后或中间,而which引导的从句只能放在句末.,4）当后置的非限定性定语从句是否定结构时，只能用which引导 He made a long speech, as was expected. He made a long speech, which was not expected/unexpected. Tom drinks

41、 a lot everyday, which his wife doesnt like at all.,1._was natural,he married Jenny. A.Which B.That C.This D.As 2.Such signs_we use in the experiment_Greek letters. A.as ,are B.as,is C.that,are D.that,is 3.I passed him a large glass of whisky,_ he drank immediately . A.that B.as C.which D.who 4.She

42、is very good at dance,_everybody knows. A.that B.which C.who D.as,D,A,C,D,5.It was raining,_was a pity. A.what B.that C. the which D. which 6._has been said above, grammar is a set of dead rules. A. Which B. What C. That D. As 7.We are reading the same book _ they are. A.which B.as C.that D.like,D,D

43、,B,定语从句必须注意的特殊例子 1.先行词为situation , case , stage, point, position关系词要用where, in which eg. Can you imaging the situation where/ in which you can use the word. 2.先行词为way ,关系词要用that, in which 或省略 eg. Do you know the way (that/in which/-) he worked the problem.,3.定语从句的必须注意的两个句型。 Is this school the one we

44、 visited that year? Is this the school that we visited that year ? He is one of the students who are from the south. He is the (only) one of the students who is from the south.,区分定语从句与其相似句型,Mr.Wu has two sons, and both of them are fond of playing golf.,(这里and连接的是并列句，不能用whom代替 them。如去掉and，就必须用whom代替t

45、hem 成定语从句。,It was last night that the terrible fire broke out.,(这里是“It was+被强调部分+that. ”构成的强调句型，故连接词不用when。),1A.Is this the factory_you visited last year? B.Is this factory_you visited last year? a.that b.where c.in which d.the one 2.A.Mr Smith is one of those foreigners who_working in China. B.Mr Smith is the only one of