英语应用能力考试写作指导.ppt

1、英语应用能力考试写作指导,一、概述 在约25分钟的时间内写出一篇约80 100词左右的英语作文。 题裁:邀请信及回信、求职信、投诉信、寻价信和报价信、催款信、申请表、填问卷调查表、招聘启示、征稿启示、通知、简历、填写广告、和电子邮件等，可谓题裁多样。 评分原则和标准：满分为15分，共分五个等级，即2分，5分，8分，11分，和14分。字数不够应扣分，每少10个字扣1分。跑题得0分。,二、应用文写作应试对策,（一） 优秀作文的三原则 1、 一致性（consistence）原则 段落内所有的句子和材料均应围绕主题句思想展开。以一封求职信（Letter of Application）为例。,May 2

2、7, 2004Dear Sir/Madam, I have read your advertisement in CCTV (China Central Television) of May 25, 2009 for an assistant manager in your company. I should be very grateful if you could consider my application favorably for the proposed position.,Born in 1980 in Ningbo of Zhejiang, I graduated from

3、Shanghai Technical and Vocational College majoring in business management in the department of business administration. I have been working in the local export-orientated family company since my graduation, and I have therefore attained a fair knowledge and experience in this field.,Please take a lo

4、ok at my attached reference, which will tell you that I am a conscientious and agreeable professional getting along with others. If you want a personal interview, I am available for an interview every afternoon from 2:00 p.m. to 5:30 p.m except on weekends. Please contact me at your most convenient

5、time Yours sincerely, Wang Ming,2、 连贯性原则,连贯性（coherence）是指文章中的句子之间、段落之间彼此相互关联、衔接自然，使读者能够清楚明白作者的思路，引导他们自然而然地由上文向下文过渡。,要使语意连贯的方法有：,（1）使用复合句连接上下文 以“我最喜欢的电视节目”的文章为例，有这样一个主题句：My most liking program is the news program. It has many contents: politics, history, culture, sports and education, etc.,我们可以改写为：Th

6、ere are many different kinds of TV programs, among which news reporting is my favorite. As it covers a wide variety of topics from history to education, somehow, watching news on TV has become a important part of my daily life.,（2）使用过渡词连接上下文,经常使用的有以下几类： 表示并列：and, also, as well as, or, first(of all),

7、 secondly, thirdly, finally等。 表示递进：besides, in addition, moreover, furthermore, whats more等。 表示转折：but, yet, however, nevertheless, otherwise等。 表示让步：although, though, in spite of等。,表示时间：long before, in the mean time, while, first, then, next, after, soon after, finally, last等。 表示比较和对比：like, unlike, j

8、ust as, similarly, on the contrary, in contrast, whereas, while, on the other hand等,表示总结：in general, on the whole, in short, in one word, in conclusion, after all等。 表示进一步阐述：namely, that is, for example, for instance, such as, especially, particularly等。 表示结果：so, accordingly, consequently, hence, ther

9、efore, as a result, thus等,（3）段与段之间的连贯方法,和句与句之间的连贯一样，英语中段与段之间也需要以一定的方式向读者表明各段间的逻辑关系，从而使所有段落形成一个统一的整体。段与段的连贯主要借助于一些篇章层次上的连接性词语，如however, on the other hand, on the contrary, in contrast, similarly, therefore, in short 等。请参见范文：,With the rapid improvement of peoples living standard, many people tend to r

10、aise pets(宠物) in cities. Some people claim that pets such as dogs are dirty and dangerous. They say that raising pets should be banned (禁止) in urban (城市的) areas. However. I think the advantages of raising pets outweigh (超过) its disadvantages.,firstly, pets like dogs can be a guard for us. As we know

11、. dogs have the natural ability to keep the house of their owners safe. Dogs are peoples honest friends. Secondly, pets like dogs are good fellows of people. Accompanied by a dog, old people do not feel lonely.,To sum up, the advantages of raising pets are more than the disadvantages. Pets give us m

12、uch happiness. On the other hand, the critics decry (谴责) that pets like dogs are dangerous to people, especially to children. They point out that many people have the experience of being bitten by dogs. But it is not the responsibility of dogs. Indeed, it is the duty of their owner who deliberately(

13、故意地) train dogs to attack people.,3、 条理性原则,所谓写作中的条理性原则主要是指文章是如何引入关键话题，紧接着又是如何展开讨论这个话题。以及在展开讨论该话题的过程中，作者是利用一个什么顺序来展开叙述的，最后的结论又是什么。按时间、空间顺序，或按重要性顺序，按归纳法、演绎法来安排内容、展开协作等方法都可归纳为条理性原则。下面是写作中常见的两种安排顺序：,(1)按重要性安排文章内容,英文写作中常见的是越重要的内容，越是放在最前面，例如： Why do many Chinese families still prefer boys to girls? First

14、of all, many people have been influenced by feudalism (封建主义). Some girl babies are deserted(遗弃) as soon as they are born.,One reason is that some parents do not think girls can do as much physical work as boys. The other reason is that some parents worry about their old age. It is believed that daug

15、hters will not be and some companies refuse to employ women on the assumption that they have much trouble. their family members when they have got married. Finally, some mothers hope their children will be more fortunate.,In addition, it is because of sexual discrimination(性别歧视). Women are looked do

16、wn upon in many aspects. For example, they have much difficulty in getting good jobs. and some companies refuse to employ women on the assumption that they have much trouble.,As women, they have to give birth to their children, look after their families and do endless homework. The terrible experien

17、ce has some mothers prefer boys to girls. They hope their children will not be treated as unfairly as themselves.,（2）按时间和空间的顺序安排文章内容,通常记叙文和求职信是按照这样的顺序安排的。以求职信为例，通常是按照出生时间、受教育背景和工作经历的顺序进行写作的。,二、 作文备考须知,1、平时多阅读多积累，自觉培养英文 思维能力。 2、储备大量有关词汇、短语、句型,储备词汇、短语、句型要围绕主题进行。以商业信函中的询价信为例，考生需要储备诸如如下专业词汇、句型：“inquiry,

18、 offer, sample, catalogue, price list, quotation, terms of business, delivery schedule/date, discount”等词，以及 “We shall be obliged if you will send us a copy of your latest catalogue.” “ We are very interested in yourand hope you will send us a copy of the newest catalogue together with the price list

19、s.” 等画线的短语及句型。,3、在实际运用中巩固语法知识,一般应使用通俗易懂、简洁明了的句子，不要写没有掌握的复合句式、结构复杂的长句。应该使用自己熟悉的单词、短语和句型，尤其时态和语态使用特别要注意准确无误。写作时无论采用哪一种时态，必须上下兼顾，前后呼应。,4、熟练掌握各种题材和体裁应用 文的写作技巧，正确套用或使用常见应用文格式和语域,5、制定系统的写作计划，平时 反复练习，考前强化训练。,制定系统的写作计划，把各种题材和体裁的应用文都纳入写作计划，反复练习、模仿和实践。 每周最好写一至两篇应用文，每篇的字数控制在100字左右。,三、社交与商务书信,从命题的角度来分析，书信是应用文写作

20、考察的首选。,(一) 英文书信的结构与格式,1、 书信结构 （1）信头（heading） 信头指写信人的地址。顺序为从小到大：例如： Beijing Sugar Company 26 Huayuan Road Haidian District, Beijing 100037 P. R. China,(2) 日期 英文书写日期的顺序是日、月、年或 月、日、年。如：June 6, 2005 或 6 June, 2005。 （3）信内地址（Inside Address） 信内地址是指收信人的地址，一般置于信纸的左上角。,（4）称呼 (Salutation) 常用的称呼方式是：Gentleman; D

21、ear Sir; Dear Madame; My dear Rose。在英国英语中后面用逗号，在美国英语中后面用冒号。 （5）正文（Body of the letter） 信件的正文是考查的重点。包括起始段、目的段和结束段。,（6）结束语(Complimentary Close) 这部分在正文后面，独立成行。常见的结束语有：写给陌生人或公务与商务信件：Faithfully Yours, Sincerely Yours, Truly Yours, 写给朋友或较为熟悉的人：Yours, With love, Love always, With best wishes。 （7）签名（Signatur

22、e） 例：John Brown Manager,（8）附言和附件（Postscript and Enclosure） 附言一般见于私人信件中，常用P. S.表示。一般是在写完信后又想起别的事附在信后的几句简短的话。在正式信函中标则避免使用。 附件则与附言相反，一般出现在正式信函中，常用Enclosure的缩写Encl. 或Enc.表示。例：Encl. Quality Certificate,2、书信的格式,全齐头式 半齐头式,(二) 社交书信,1、 询问信（Letter of Inquiry） 2 、邀请信（Letter of Invitation） 3、 感谢信 (Letter of Tha

23、nks) 4、 祝贺信 ( Letter of Congratulation) 5、 慰问信 (Letter of Sympathy) 6、 欢迎信 (Letter of Welcome),7、 介绍信 ( Letter of Introduction ) 8、 求职信 (Letter of Application) 9、 投诉信 (Letter of Complaint) 10、道歉信 ( Letter of Apology ) 11、电子邮件（E-mail） 12、问卷调查 (Questionnaire ),链接真题,1、2005年1月英语应用能力考试A级真题 Directions: Th

24、is part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to complete a LETTER OF INQUIRY and a LETTER OF REPLY in English according to the following content given in Chinese. Remember to write the message in the corresponding space on the Translation / Composition Sheet,说明：根据下列中文信息拟

25、一封询价信和一封报价信。 询价信（letter 1） 发信人：Mr. David Johnson 收信人：Mr. Peter Kevil 日期：2004年11月29日 内容：Mr. David Johnson欲购买Mr. Peter Kevil所在的HP公司生产的激光打印机，写信了解有关价格及售后服务的情况。,报价信（letter 2） 发信人: Mr. Peter Kevil 收信人：Mr. David Johnson 写信日期:2004年12月6日 内容：Mr. Peter Kevil非常感谢Mr. David Johnson对他们公司生产的激光打印机（jet printer）感兴趣，随信

26、附上目录以及价目表，并告知公司为客户提供的优良服务。不仅如此，如果购买的数量较大，还可以享受折扣。,参考答案. letter 1,November 29,2004 Dear Mr. Peter Kevil, I am pleased to write to you for some information about the jet printer produced in your company. I would like to buy it, and I will be very grateful if you could give me information about the pri

27、ce and the service after sale. Your prompt reply will be highly appreciated. Sincerely,Letter 2,December 6, 2004 Dear Mr. David Johnson. I appreciate that you are interested in our jet printer and I am glad to tell you our company provide excellent service for the customers. Whats more, if the numbe

28、r of printers you buy is big,you can enjoy the discount. The current catalogue and the price list are enclosed. If you have any other questions, please let me know. Thank you. Your faithfully, Peter Kevil,介绍信 ( Letter of Introduction),2000年12月英语应用能力考试B级真题 Directions: This part is to test your abilit

29、y to do practical writing. You are required to write a letter according to the following instructions given. 收信人:刘军 写信人:杨岭 写信日期:2000年7月8日,内容: 杨岭写信告诉刘军，他的朋友张兰将于本月15日从厦门到南京，请刘军到机场接张兰。如果张兰需要帮助，请他做必要的安排。对刘军的好意表示感谢。,参考答案,July 8,2000 Dear Liu Jun, How time flies! Its a long time since we met each other la

30、st time. I would like to introduce my friend Zhang Lan to you. She is leaving Xiamen for your city Nanjing on her business this month. I would be grateful,if you meet her at the airport and arrange something necessary for her. Thank you very much for your help. Yours sincerely, Yang Ling,求职信(Letter

31、of Application),2004年6月英语应用能力考试B级真题 说明: 请以王曼丽的名义写一封求职信。 壬曼丽，24岁，毕业于龙江技术学院，主修企业管理，各门课程都优良。学过速记与打字，速度各为每分钟90字和70字。请为她拟出一份给公司的自荐信，希望能在该公司谋得总经理秘书一职。请注意书信的格式。书信的日期为2004年6月25日。,Words for reference: 技术学院:Technical college 企业管理: Business Administration 速记与打字: shorthand and typing,参考答案,June 25. 2004 Dear Sir

32、 or Madam, It is my pleasure to apply for the position of the General Managers secretary in your company, which you have advertised in the China Daily last week. (开篇表明求职打算及信息来源) I am 24 and graduated from Longjiang Technical College with an excellent,academic record in all courses. While I majored i

33、n Business Administration, I am skillful at shorthand and typing with a speed of 90 and 70 words per minute respectively. (简要介绍了自己的资历和能力) I am enclosing my resume and a recent photograph. (这部分可有可无) I look forward to your early reply. (希望得到机会) Yours faithfully, Wang Manii,投诉信(Letter of Complaint),200

34、1年12月英语应用能力考试A级真题 假设你叫王兰，上个月去广州出差时，在一家商店买了一架照相机,并在广州拍了一些照片。回家后将胶卷冲洗出来，却发现什么也没照上，因此非常恼火。今天(12月23日)给该店写信投诉，并寄回相机，坚决要求退款。 Words for reference: 出差: be on business 冲洗: develop 退款: refund,参考答案,December 23,200; Dear Sir or Madam, I am writing about a camera I bought in your shop last month when I was on bu

35、siness in Guangzhou. I took a lot of pictures with it. However, when I arrived home and got the film developed, there is nothing on the picture! I guess there must,be something wrong with the camera. I am quite annoyed at this because at your price I expect the top quality. I have sent the camera ba

36、ck to you by post with a copy of the receipt, and I demand your attention and a refund as soon as possible. Looking forward to an early reply. Yours sincerely Wang Lan,问卷调查 (Questionnaire),2005年6月高等学校英语应用能力考试B级真题 Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required

37、 to complete the English Question（问卷调查）From based on the information given in Chinese. 说明:假定你是王明(中国籍)，去海口旅游度假，于2005年6月10日入住白云宾馆3002房间。6月20日离店。临走时填写了一份问卷调查表。,内容如下: 1. 对酒店的总体管理感到满意。 2. 对酒店提供的各种服务感到满意。 3. 建议。 A) 因酒店位于海边，交通并不方便，周围的商业设施也较少，建议酒店每天能提供免费班车，方便来海边度假的住店客人去市区购买所需商品; B) 建议酒店与相关公司联系，为住店客人提供租车服务。,

38、Words for reference: 总体的overall 商业的commercial 班车shuttle bus 相关公司related company,参考答案,Questionnaire To improve the quality of our service, we would be grateful if youd complete the following questionnaire. Name; Wang Ming Nationality: China Room number: 3002 Check-in Date: June, 10 Check-out date: Ju

39、ne. 20,Did you receive polite and efficient service when you arrived? Yes Are you satisfied with the room service of our hotel? Yes Whats your opinion of our health facilities? Good Please give your impression of Our restaurant service. Good,Do you have any other comments to help us make your stay m

40、ore enjoyable? I am satisfied with the overall management of your hotel. And I am happy with the services you provided.,It might be an idea here to help you improve the service for the guests. Have you ever thought of providing free shuttle bus for guests who need go to downtown to buy necessary goo

41、ds since the hotel locates at the seaside? The traffic is not convenient and the commercial facilities are rare. Another idea I had was that your hotel contact related company and provide car rent service for Guests who stay in the hotel.,常用句型,询问信常用句型 1I am writing to inquire about 2I wonder if ther

42、e is 3Kindly send me your 4I would like to get more details of ,邀请信常用句型 1. You are warmly invited to attend 2. On behalf of .I am pleased to invite you 3. Please accept the invitation to come to ,感谢信常用句型 1. I would like to take this opportunity to express my heartfelt thanks to your hospitality. 2.

43、Im writing to thank you for the memorable weekend I had at your home. 3. It is so thoughtful of you to remember my birthday.,祝贺信常用句型 1.Please accept our warmest congratulations on your promotion / success 2. What a delightful surprise to know you are married.,慰问信常用句型 1.I am sorry at the news that yo

44、ur house was on fire yesterday. 2. I was shocked to hear of Marys death and wish to extend our sympathy to you and your children. 3.I just cant tell you how sorry I was to learn of / that 4.Please let us know if there is anything you need in hospital.,欢迎信常用句型 1. It is a great pleasure to welcome you

45、 to. 2. We are fortunate to have you join us. 3. On behalf of the directors of our company, I would like to say how delighted we are to,介绍信常用句型 1.I am writing to introduce to you. 2.The bearer of this letter is 3. Please allow me to introduce myself to you.,求职信常用句型 1. In answer to your advertisement

46、 in for a , I would like to apply for the position. 2. I have learned from . . . that your firm is looking for a . . . and I would like to apply for this job. 3. In reply to your advertisement, I wish to apply for . , . 4. I am writing in response to the advertisement you placed in .for . . . I have

47、 pleasure in applying for the post.,5. Born in. in., I graduated from . . . University, majoring in . . . 6. I have been working in . . . since my graduation. 7. I believe I have the appropriate qualifications and experience for the post. 8. I am experienced in operating computers. I have a fair mas

48、tery of English, both spoken and written.,9. I have passed College English Test Band 4 / 6. 10. I should welcome a personal interview at your convenience. 11. Looking forward to hearing from you soon. 12. Enclosed: please find a resume, a photo and an autobiography. 13. I should be glad to have a pe

49、rsonal interview.,投诉信常用句型 1. I am writing aboutI bought in your shop 2 .I am quite annoyed at / I am quite dissatisfied with your 3. I demand your attention and a refund as soon as possible.,道歉信常用句型: 1. sincere and humble (谦卑的)apology for my thoughtlessness（粗心大意）and rudeness（鲁莽）. 2. Once again expre

50、ss my regret and apology. 3. Please accept our sincere apologies for any distress（困扰） this situation may have caused you and be assured（保证）that it will never happen again.,常用词汇,邀请信常用词汇 banquet 宴会 tea party 茶话会 reception 招待 cocktail party 酒会 wedding ceremony 结婚典礼 opening celebration 开业庆典 wedding anni

51、versary结婚纪念日,慰问信常用词汇 flood水灾 loss 损失 drought旱灾 snowstorm雪灾 earthquake地震 traffic accident交通事故 catch fire着火 destroy/destruction破坏 sympathy同情,投诉信常用词汇 a copy of the receipt 一份收据 refund 退款 quality 质量 unqualified 不合格 disappointed 失望的 disappinting令人失望的,（三）商务书信,1、撰写原则 完整（completeness） 简洁(conciseness) 明确(cla

52、rity) 具体(concreteness) 礼貌(courtesy) 正确(correctness) 体谅（consideration）,2、商务书信写作实战,（1）建立商务关系(Establishing business relations) ( 2 ) 讯价(Inquiry) ( 3 ) 报盘 (offer) ( 4 ) 订购 (Order) ( 5 ) 装运(Shipment) ( 6 ) 保险 (Insurance) ( 7 ) 抱怨、索赔与理赔 (Complaints, Claims and Adjustments),链接真题订购,2005年6月全国高等学校英语应用能力考试A级真题

53、 Directions: This part is to test your ability to do practical writing. You are required to write a business letter according to the following information given in Chinese. Remember to do the task on the Translation / Composition Sheet.,说明: 以Daniel Trade公司市场部经理李华的身份于6月15日给John Holland先生写一封催款信，信中应当包括

54、以下内容: 1. 问及Holland先生近况; 2. 要求Holland先生尽快支付10，000元货款，核笔款项已经过期10天；,3、随信寄上公司最新的夏季产品目录, 希望Holland先生尽早寄来新的定单，可 享受公司的优惠价格。 注意: 务必按业务信函的格式书写。 Words for reference: 优惠价格special offers 过期overdue,参考答案,June. 15, 2005 Dear Mr. Holland, How about your recent work and life? Im Li Hua, the manager of the marketing

55、department in Daniel Trade Company. I wish we would have a good cooperation between us.,I am writing to you to push a quick payment of $10,000 for the products which our company sold to you. The payment is 10 days behind the schedule and it is overdue. Enclosed please find the catalogue of our summe

56、r products. I hope Mr. Holland will send new order as soon as possible, and,you can enjoy the special offers from our company if you make early orders. Best wishes for you. Were looking forward to your prompt reply. Yours faithfully, Li Hua,常用句型,建立商务关系常用句型 1.We are experienced manufacturers and expo

57、rters of, and are enjoying a good reputation all over the world. 2. We are willing to establish trade relations with your company. 3. We await your soon reply. 4. We sincerely hope that this, our first transaction, will be the beginning of the long and pleasant business cooperation.,讯价信常用句型 1. I am

58、writing to inquire about 2. I wonder if there is 3. Kindly send me your 4. I would like to get more details of ,报价信常用句型 1. In reply to your inquiry of May 10, we are pleased to quote as follows. 2. We have pleasures in sending you our catalogue, which gives full information about our various products. 3. Our price is quite reasonable. We hope you will accept our offer and give us your order soon. 4. We would be pleased to grant you a discount of 5% from our list prices for