定语从句(The Attributive Clause)课件

1、The Attributive Clause,定语从句,在句子中起定语作用、修饰句中的名词或代词的从句称为 ；被定语从句所修饰的名词或代词称为 ；引导定语从句的词叫 ，关系词分关系代词和关系副词两种。,who, whom, whose, which, that, as.,when, where, why.,关系代词的作用和分类 关系代词的作用: (1) 连接作用: 关系代词引导从句, 把它和主句连接起来; (2) 替代作用: 关系代词在从句中代替在它前面的先行词; (3) 成分作用: 关系代词在从句中总是充当一个句子成分. 2. 关系代词用法分类: 关系代词的用法与分类依据 根据所引导的从句的

2、限制性和非限制性; 根据所替代的先行词是指人还是指物;,根据它在从句中所充当的成分-主语、宾语 或定语,从 句,关 代,格,指人,指物,只用于限制性从句,主格词,宾格词,属格词,who,who whom,which,whose,that,whose/of which,只用that的几种情况： 当先行词是不定代词all, much, little, something, everything, anything, nothing, none, the one时； e.g. You should hand in all that you have. 2. 当先行词前面有only, any, few

3、, little, no, all, very等词修饰时；,that,e.g. This is the very book that Im looking for. 3. 当先行词是形容词最高级时或它的前面有 形容词最高级修饰时； e.g. This is the most interesting film that Ive ever seen. 4. 当先行词是序数词或它前面有一个序数词 时； e.g. What is the first American film that you have seen? 5. 当先行词既有人又有物时； e.g. Do you know the things

4、 and persons,that they are talking about? 6. 当主句的主语是疑问词who或which时； e.g. Who is the boy that won the gold medal. 7. 有两个定语从句时，其中一个关系代词已用which， 另外一个宜用that； e.g. They secretly built up a small factory which produced things that could cause pollution. 8. 当先行词在主句中作表语，而关系代词也在从句中作表语时.,e.g. Shanghai is no lo

5、nger the city that it used to be. (the city that = what),只用which的情况： 非限定性定语从句一般用逗号把主、从句分开； e.g. Ive lost the pen, which I liked very much. 2)介词后面. e.g. This is our school, in front of which grow many trees.,which,关系代词that与which的区别 I have said all _ I want to say. There is little work _ you can do. T

6、his is the first play _ I have seen since I came here. This is the very book _ I want to buy. They talked about the men and the things _ they saw. Which is the hotel _ he once stayed at? Who is the woman _ shook hands with you just now. China isnt the country _ it was. 9. This is the car in _ we wen

7、t to Shanghai. 10. He is often late for school, _ makes the teacher very angry.,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,that,which,which,who,宜用who而不用that的情况： 当先行词是指人的all, any, few, one(s), anyone, everyone, those, people, he等时，只能用who； e.g. Anyone who is over sixteen is allowed in. He who has a mind to be

8、at his dog will easily find his stick. 注意：those, ones等作先行词时，从句谓语动词用复数；而anyone，one等则用单数谓语。,2. 为避免重复，当句子中带有两个定语从句时，一个句子用that引导，一个从句用who引导； e.g. The man that you talked with just now is the person who will give us a lecture today. 3. 在There be句型中多用who引导定语从句修饰人； e.g. There was a king who loved cats very

9、 much. 4. 当先行词与关系代词之间有较复杂的短语或句子隔开时；,e.g. I was the only person in the office who was invited. A new master will come tomorrow who will teach German. 5. 在非限制性定语从句中，先行词指人且在从句中作主语时，只能用who。 e.g. Toms father, who is over sixty, still works hard day and night.,Zhang Ziyi/actress/ played the leading role i

10、n the film The Banquet,Zhang Ziyi_ is a famous Chinese actress played the leading role in the film The Banquet.,who/that,Change I/Chinas first lunar orbiter/launch/ October 24, 2007,Change I, _ is Chinas first lunar orbiter was launched on October 24, 2007.,which,Which boy is Tom?,The boy _is Tom.,T

11、he boy _ is Tom,whose trousers are yellow,who is wearing yellow trousers,Tom,Which house is mine?,The house _ is mine.,whose roof is green,The house _ is mine.,of which the roof is green,my house/ green roof,The house the roof of which is green is mine.,pig/ badly hurt/ dont know the reason,I dont k

12、now the reason _ the pig was badly hurt. I cant accept the reason_ you explained to me.,why/ for which,which/that/-,September 11, 2001/World Trade Center, strike, terrorist/see great pain of America,September 11,2001_ World Trade Center was struck by terrorists, saw great pain of America. World Trad

13、e Center was struck by terrorists on September 11, 2001, _saw great pain of America.,when/ on which,which,Taihang Mountain/ last summer holiday/ a feast for the eyes,The Taihang Mountain _ I went on a two-day trip last summer holiday, is a feast for the eyes. The Taihang Mountain _ I visited last su

14、mmer holiday, is a feast for the eyes.,where/ to which,which/that/-,20,000 Leagues Under the Sea/ describe the new undersea ship-submarine/Jules Vernes masterpiece,The science fiction, 20,000 Leagues Under The Sea_ Jules Verne described a new undersea ship-submarine, was his masterpiece.,in which,tr

15、avel with them to Hang Zhou on National Day last year/colleagues,The girls, _ I traveled to Hang Zhou on National Day last year are my colleagues.,with whom,关系代词as/which引导非限制性定语从句的区别： （1）which引导的非限制定语从句只能位于主句后，但as引导的非限制性定语从句可位于主句的前、中、后； e.g. John, as you know, is a doctor. As is known to all, China

16、is a developing country. （2）当定语从句是否定句或表示否定时只能用which，而as引导的定语从句一般只表示一个众所周知或意料之中的事，且从句不表示否定；,e.g. He married her, which was unexpected. Mr. Smith usually praises his student Rose in public, which she doesnt like at all. （3）as有“正如”之意，而which则意为“这（件事、一点）”，可用and this/that/it来代替； （4）as多用于固定搭配中：as is often

17、the case(这是常有的事), as was expected(不出所料), as often happens(正如经常发生的那样), as is known to all(众所周知), as has been said before(如上所述), as is,mentioned above(正如上面所提到的)等。 e.g. Jack has won the first prize, as is often happens.,He is one of the students who have been winners of scholarship for three years. 2.

18、He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.,3. Is this factory the one we visited last year? 4. Is this the factory which/that/- we visited last year?,一. 关系代词 who people; whom- people; which things; that -people or things; whose- of people or things 1. Th

19、e man _ is shaking hands with my father is a policeman. 2. The professor _ you wish to see has gone to Shanghai. 3. I live in a room _ windows face the south. 4. The old woman was very happy to get back the gold ring _ she had lost on the plane. 5. China is a country _ has a long history.,who,who,/w

20、hom,/that,/-,whose,which,/that,/-,which,/that,介词+关系代词which/ whom 1. In the dark street there was nobody _ I could turn for help. 2. Yesterday we had a meeting _ we discussed many problems. 3. The dog, _ she used to be afraid, is her favourite animal now. 4. Water, _ man cant live, is really importan

21、t. 5. This is the man _ I learned the news.,to whom,at which,of which,without which,from whom,6. This is the man, _ is a famous writer.(他的儿子) 7. The old man has two sons, _ are doctors.(他们都是医生) 8. There are a lot of dictionaries here, _ is mine.(没有一本是我的) 9. I bought some books from the bookstore, _

22、were English novels.(其中5本) 10. She has six children, _ is John.(最聪明的) 11. I lived in London for six months, _ I learned some English. (在此期间),the son of whom,/whose son,both of whom,none of which,five of which,the cleverest of whom,during which,二. 关系副词 when-time(at/in/on+which); where- place(at/ in/t

23、o+which; why reason(for which) I will never forget the day _ I joined the Party. What is the name of the town _ we stayed yesterday evening. This is the school _ I used to teach English in the 1980s. I dont know the reason _ he left Japan. I will never forget the days _ we spent together. This is th

24、e school _I visited 10 years ago. Is that the reason _ you gave me?,when,/on which,where,/in which,where,/at which,why,/for which,which / that /-,which/that/-,1. (2007 山东卷 30)-Where did you get to know her? -It was on the farm _ we worked. A. that B. there C. which D. where 2. (2007 全国卷I及宁夏海南卷 22)So

25、me pre-school children go to a day care center, _ they learn simple games and songs. A. then B. there C. while D. where,D,D,3. (2007 北京卷 23)we shouldnt spend our money testing so many people, most of _ are healthy. A. that B. which C. what D. whom 4. (2007 天津卷 11)Those successful deaf dancers think

26、that dancing is an activity _ sight matters more than hearing. A. when B. whose C. which D. where 5. (2007 上海卷 37)His movie won several awards at the films festival, _ was beyond his wildest dream. A. which B. that C. where D. it,D,D,A,6. (2007 江苏卷 33)He was educated at the local high school, _ he w

27、ent on to Beijing University. A. after which B. after that C. in which D. in that 7. (2007 重庆卷 30)Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree _ they can be controlled on purpose. A. with which B. to which C. of which D. for which,A,B,8. (2007 辽宁卷 24)Eric received training in computer for one year, _he found a job in a big company. A. after that B. after which C. after it D. after this 9. (2007 福建卷 27)The village has developed a lot _ we learned farming two years ago. A. when B. which C. that D. where,B,D,10. (2007 浙江卷 1