高中英语基础课件---构词法

1、构词法,英语构词法主要有派生法(即词根加前缀或后缀构成的新词)、合成法和转化法三种。 从近几年的高考题来看，阅读理解中除了有汉语注明的个别生词，以及大约2.5%的派生词和合成词外，没有出现过考纲外的生词。因此，熟练掌握考纲词汇和掌握常见的构词法，阅读这一关就好突破了。,语法填空中必有一道题是考查词类转换的。考查不同词性在句中的不同用法，其中主要涉及到以下三条： 1. 在句中修饰动词或形容词等作状语, 用副词； 2. 在句中作定语、表语或补语, 一般用形容词； 3. 作主语、及物动词或者介词的宾语, 用名词。,1. He must be 20 (mental) disabled. 解析：修饰分词

2、形容词disabled，作状语，用副词形式，故填mentally。 2. His teacher took a deep drink, smiled 34 (warm), and thanked his student very much for the sweet water. 解析：修饰谓语动词smiled，作状语，用副词形式，故填warmly。,近年高考真题：,3. But Jane knew from past experience that her 36 _ (choose) of ties hardly ever pleased her father. 解析: 在that引导的宾语

3、从句中作主语应当用名词, 或者说, 在形容词性物主代词后, 一定是用名词形式, 故填choice。,4. This proverb is saying we have to let things go in their 39 _(nature) course. 解析：在名词course前作定语, 要用形容词, 故填natural。 5. We drank together and talked 38 _ (merry) till far into the night. 解析：修饰谓语动词talked, 作状语, 应用副词, 故填merrily。,在五年高考中，由形容词变副词考了3年，由名词变形

4、容词考了1年，由动词变名词考了1年。 下面我们对常见的构词法进行扼要的归纳： 一、形容词加-ly变为副词的规律 1. 一般情况加-ly。如：real really/ careful carefully/ polite politely /quick quickly,2. “辅音字母+y”结尾的，将y改为-ily。如：angry angrily/ busy busily/ heavy heavily 3. 以-ble结尾的，将ble改为bly。如：probable probably/ possible possibly,4. 个别单词，去掉e再加ly。如：gentle gently/ true

5、truly 5. 以-ic结尾的，加ally。如：basic basically/ energetic energetically 注意：有的名词+ly 形容词 如： friend friendly/day daily,1. I was supposed to arrive at the airport on time. _ (fortunate), I was held up by the heavy traffic jam. 2. Therefore, when they become older they are _ (able) to do any other kind of work

6、.,一、单句填空,unable,unfortunately,3. Very early the next morning, amazingly, we got completely satisfied in a totally _(expect) way. 4. I wont do the purchase because the price of this dress is _(reason).,unreasonable,unexpected,5. Job _ (apply) need to show their ability to be both organized and flexib

7、le in taking on many tasks at the same time. 6. All facts are the source of _ (conclude).,conclusions,applicants,7. However, most _(science) agree that EQ has a lot to do with _ (educate). 8. Excellent oral and written _ (communicate) skills in Chinese and English are of _ (important).,importance,sc

8、ientists,education,communication,9. Fresh fruits and vegetables can provide much of our daily _ (require). 10. It is your _ (free) to do what you want after class.,freedom,requirement,11. As is known to us all, the Entrance Exam is a great _, and the students are _. (compete) 12. I am _(grate) to yo

9、u for your help. 13. He gave me some _(construct) suggestions.,grateful,competition,competitors,constructive,14. A jurys decision in a court case must be absolutely _ (object). 15. He devoted much money to building schools in _(mountain) areas. 16. Unfortunately, my car broke down on a _ (mud) road.

10、,muddy,objective,mountainous,17. Everyone should play his part in building a _(harmony) society. 18. The _(mystery) letter sent from Taiwan made the professor lost in thought. 19. To make myself _, I would do some _exercise after work. (relax),relaxing,harmonious,mysterious,relaxed,20. All the child

11、ren felt _ when they heard the _ news. (discourage) 21. We _ (apology) for the late departure of this flight.,apologized,discouraged,discouraging,22. The article can _(long) out a little by adding some examples. 23. His illness _(worse) during the night. 24. Letting that animal escape was no acciden

12、t; you did it _(intention).,intentionally,lengthen,worsened,25. The black people were against slavery and fought for their freedom _(brave). 26. Our products are sold _, (world). 27. He went out of the office _ (hurry) to run after her.,hurriedly,bravely,worldwide,28. I lost my balance and fell _ (b

13、ack). 29. They live in the _(west) part of the village. 30. Its very important to eat _ (health).,healthily,backward,western,二、 语法填空 A group of robbers dug their way into the basement of a bank in Paris and emptied almost 200 private safes. They entered the Credit Lyonnais branch using building 31 _

14、(equip) to dig holes and destroy walls 32 _Saturday night.,31. 名词作宾语。 32. 星期前用介词on。,equipment,on,They tied up a 33 _(secure) guard and spent the next nine hours robbing the bank. One 34 _(investigate) described the robbery as a “35 _ (profession) job”.,33. 名词作定语，security guard“保安”。 34. 名词作主语, 再根据谓语动

15、词可知是指人。 35. 形容词作定语。,security,investigator,professional,The robbers came in at about 22:00 on Saturday and left at 7:00 on Sunday. They entered through the basements of the neighboring building, digging through a series of tunnels and making a hole into a wall of 80 cm thick to get into the bank, 36 _was having building works at the time.,36. 引导定语从句并在从句中作主语。,which,When they left, the robbers set the place on fire to 37 _(move) any trace of evidence, switching on the anti-fire system and flooding the building. 38 _ (fortune), the guard escaped 39 _ (harm).,37. 不定式作状语，根据句意应