高中英语被动语态基础讲解

1、Passive Voice,1.一般现在时 2.一般过去时 3.一般将来时 4.一般过去将来时 5.现在进行时 6.过去进行时 7.现在完成时 8.过去完成时 9.现在完成进行时,Do/does,did,Will/shall do,Would/should do,Am/is/are doing,Was/were doing,Have/has done,Had done,Have/has been doing,1，现在的状态 2.经常习惯的动作 3.客观事实 4.状语从句表将来 5.规定，安排的事,1，现在正在进行的动作 2.现阶段进行的动作 3.用于go，come等表去向的的动词表将来 4.与

2、always,constantly连用表示埋怨，称赞,1.Be going to 计划，迹象表明 2.Be to do 职责义务 3.Be about to do正要做某事 4.Be doing 5. 祈使句+and/or+一般将来时,1.This /it is the first/second time that （完成时） 2.It is +形容词最高级+that （完成时） 3.It has been +段时间+since（过去时）,过去的过去 1.Had hoped/expected/meant/intended/本来希望、打算做某事 2.Hardly had +主语+done+whe

3、n No sooner had +主语+done+than 一.就,语态是动词的一种形式，表示主语和动词之间的关系。英语动词有两种语态：主动语态和被动语态。主动语态动词的主语是动作的执行者，而被动语态动词的主语是动作的承受者。被动语态是动词的一种特殊形式，一般说来，只有需要动作对象的及物动词才有被动语态。,英语语态,被动语态的构成,worked,opened,closed,seen,taught,asked,work,close,open,ask,see,teach,e.g.,由助动词be + 及物动词的过去分词（V-ed）构成。助动词be有人称、数和时态的变化。,英语的谓语动词有两种语态,W

4、e speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by 动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp,主动语态,被动语态,主变被解题步骤:,1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.,are were,3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.,4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语/ 宾语.,by them.,Tom broke the

5、window. The window was broken by Tom.,Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom.,He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him.,Fill in the blanks with the proper form of the words given in the brackets.,The bridge ( build) last year. The Olympic Games (hold) every four years. The

6、 problem (discuss) at the meeting now. His new book (publish) next month. The classroom (not clean) yet.,was built,are held,is being discussed,will be published,has not been cleaned,Read text-1,6. The machine (repair) at this time yesterday. 7. She said the report (type) by Li Mei for two weeks. 8.

7、Miss Li said the book (give) to the students the next morning. 9. By the end of next term two thousand English words (learn). 10. He said the project . (finish) by 2010.,was being repaired,had been typed,would be given,will have been learned,would have been finished,Read text-2,When can we use the p

8、assive voice?,不知道动作的执行者是谁，或没有必要指出动 作的执行者时。,My bike was stolen last night. 昨晚我的自行车被偷了。 Letters are collected at eight every morning. 信件每天早晨八点收取。,The desk was made by Master Wang. 这张课桌是王师傅做的。 The bag was taken away by his sister. 那个口袋是她姐姐提走的。,2. 为了强调或突出动作的承受者时。,Article1_popwin_title,3. 为了更好地安排句子。,The

9、well-known person got on the bus and was immediately recognized by people. （一个主语就够了） 那个名人一上车就立刻被大家认出来了。,I have a new skirt. It was given to me as a birthday present by my aunt. 我有条新裙子。它是我阿姨送给我作为生日礼物的。,4. 在上下文中，为了使句子间连接紧密时。如：,Article2_popwin_radio,英语中用主动表被动的几种特殊情况,2.某些“be+形容词+to do”结构中的不定式通常要用主动形式表示被

10、动意义：,连系动词为不及物动词，它们没有被动语态形式。但有些表示感受、感官的连系动词(如look, sound, smell, feel, taste 等)可用主动表被动：,The building looks very beautiful. 这座建筑看上去很美。 Her voice sounded quite sweet. 她的声音听起来非常甜美。,The book is difficult to understand. 这书很难懂。 The music isnt pleasant to listen to. 这音乐不好听。,6. 在need, want, require等少数表示“需要”的

11、 动词后的动名词用主动形式表被动意义。,5. be worth后的动名词要用主动表被动。,The house needs cleaning. 房子需要打扫了。 These children require looking after. 这些孩子需要照看。,The house needs to be cleaned. These children require to be looked after.,This movie is worth seeing. 这部影片值得一看。 The problem is not worth discussing. 这个问题不值得讨论。,几种值得注意的被动语态变

12、化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let have hear see notice,We often hear them sing this song.,They are often heard to sing this song (by us).,This song is often heard (by us)

13、to be sung (by them).,1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me wel

14、l.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,The fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。

15、,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,高考题点击： 1. I need one more stamp before my collection _. (94 N) A. has completedB. completes C. has been completed D. is completed 2. Cleaning women in big cities usually get _ by the hour. (98 N) A. payB.

16、 payingC. paidD. to pay,说明：集邮册只能被完成，且在 before 从句中没有将来时，故只能选D。,说明：该句的意思为“在大城市中清洁女工的工资通常是按小时支付的。”很明显该用被动语态。,D,C,3. Books of this kind _ well. (99 上海) A. sellB. sellsC. are soldD. is sold 4. Hundreds of jobs _ if the factory closes. (01 北京春) A. loseB. will be lostC. are lostD. will lose,说明：sell 既可作及物动词

17、又可作不及物动词，当用作“销售情况如何”时，sell 为不及物动词，故没有被动语态。 类似的词还有：wash, translate, write 等。,说明：lose job 为“失业”，job 只能被失去，且动作应该发生在将来。,A,B,5. A new cinema _ here. They hope to finish it next month. (2001 北京春季) A. will be builtB. is built C. has been builtD. is being built 6. The new suspension bridge _ by the end of l

18、ast month. (2001上海) A. has been designedB. had been designed C. was designedD. would be designed,说明：从后句可知电影院应该正在修建。需要注意的是现在进行时态的被动语态的动词形式。,说明：by the end of 短语一般都与过去完成时或将来完成时连用。,D,B,7. This is Teds photo. We miss him a lot. He _ trying to save a child in the earthquake. (2002 北京春季) A. killedB. is killedC. was killedD. was killing 8. I feel it is your husband who _ for the spoiled child. (2002上海) A. is to blameB. is going to blame C. is to be blamedD. should blame,说明：不要被前面使用的现在时所蒙蔽，在地震中抢救小孩并献身的动作只能在过去。,说明：be to blame 是固定结构，不能用被动语态。该