比较等级和比较结构

1、Lecture 25比较等级和比较结构 Comparison and Comparative Constructions,P283,Outline,等级形容词、副词-gradable非等级形容词、副词-non-gradable,等级形容词的语法特征表现为： 1）具有比较等级 Tall, taller, tallest 2）能接受强调词的修饰 Very tall,大多数形容词和副词的比较等级有三,你知道形容词和副词的比较级和最高级怎么变换吗？,综合形式（Synthetic Form)： -er , -est,分析形式（Analytic Form）:加more，most,规则形式,少数不规则,Ba

2、d Good Well old,Far Much Badly well,没有等级的形容词,1) inferior to, superior to, senior to She is senior to everyone else in the company. His composition is far superior to mine. 2)absolute, unique, round, right, wrong, correct, perfect等带有“极度”含义的词 Geoffrey Chaucer occupies a unique place in English literat

3、ure.,比较结构,Asas结构,Morethan结构,The most结构,Asas,As+adj./adv.+as,As+adj.+n.词组+ as,As much/many+ n.+as,As+adj./adv.+as,1.Judy is as beautiful as Cindy. 2.Judy is as smart as she is beautiful. 3.Judy is as silly and ugly as Cindy is smart and beautiful.,Judy和Cindy一样漂亮。,Judy既聪明又漂亮。,Judy又笨又丑，不像Cindy那样又聪明又漂亮。

4、,Whats the difference?,第一句比较主语不同，但比较项目相同； 第二局比较主语相同，但比较项目不同； 第三局比较主语和比较项目都不同！,第一句as-分句常用不完全句； 第二 句、第三句as-分句必须用完全句,As much/many + n. + as,She took as much money as she needed.,much/many是限定词,As + adj. + NP + as,I cant afford as expensive a mobile phone as iphone 5s.,不定冠词+ 单数名词 零冠词+不可数名词,Morethan结构,1.形

5、容词或副词比较级+than,2.more/less/fewer+n.+than,3.不定冠词或零冠词+形容词比较级+n.+than,4.n.词组+morethan结构作后置修饰语,5.the+形容词或副词比较级+of词组,6.more/less of + a + n.,Bill speaks French less well than he writes it. Bill speaks French worse than he writes it.,翻译,Bill speaks French better than he writes it.,否定形式,Bill法文写得好，说得没有写得好。,B

6、ill法文写得不好，说得更不好。,形容词或副词比较级+than,John is brighter than Bob. John behaves more politely than Bob.,More/less/fewer+n.+than,我比你有更多的钱。,I have more money than you.,不定冠词或零冠词+形容词比较级+n.+than,I hate it when my good friend has a larger house than mine.,我讨厌我好朋友的房子比我的大。,n.词组+morethan: My good friends house is la

7、rger than mine.,The+形容词或副词比较级+of词组,John is the taller of the two boys. =Of the two boys John is (the) taller.,Of词组在居首时the可省,都是两者之间的比较 Of词组在句末时the不可省,More/less of + a + n.+ than,He is more/less of a man than his brother. He is more/less manlike than his brother.,他比他的弟弟或者哥哥更有男子气概。,The most结构,1.通常表示“最高

8、级”的意义，都要有一个“比较范围” 你是我认识的女孩中最漂亮的一个。,You are the most beautiful girl Ive ever known.,2.表示“最高级”的相反意义可用the least结构,You are the least beautiful girl Ive ever known.,You are the most ugly girl Ive ever known.,你还知道其它可以用来表示“最高级”的结构吗？,Morethan结构,Asas结构,否定词+比较级,You are more beautiful than anyone else in my ey

9、es.,You cant be more beautiful in my eyes.,No one is as beautiful as you in my eyes.,你在我眼中是最美。,1. Provide the correct words to make comparisons2. Read this conversation with your partner,Ex 25C,morethan结构的其他用法,关于比较结构用法的补充说明,“more + 形容词/副词 + than”（比较同一事物 的两个不同性质时），常译为“与其说， 不如说”或“倒不如说”。 例如： He is more

10、 brave than wise. 他有勇无谋。 He is more daring than quick-witted. 与其说他脑子灵活，不如说他胆大。 The child was more frightened than hurt. 这孩子的伤倒不算什么，只是受惊不小。,A No morethan B A Not more than B,No more than Not more than,No less than Not less than,A No lessthan B A Not lessthan B,仅仅（强调少） 不多于,多达（强调多） 不少于,There are no mor

11、e than 5 apples. There are not more than 5 apples.,There are no less than 5 apples. There are not less than 5 apples.,She is no more hardworking than Lucy. She is not more hardworking than Lucy.,She is no less hardworking than Lucy. She is not less hardworking than Lucy.,A和B都不 A不比B更,A和B都 A不比B更不,not

12、so. as 和 not so much.as,London isnt so large as Tokyo. 【Asas的否定形式】 It wasnt so much his appearance I liked as his personality. 【与其说，不如说】,the more. the more,The older I get, the happier I am. The more you argue with him, the less notice he takes. The sooner this is done, the better. The higher the te

13、mperature, the faster the liquid evaporates.,More and more 表示“越来越” The car was running faster and faster. A is to B what X is to Y: A之于B犹如X之于Y What用来表示比较两种事物相同或相似的关系。 A sail is to a boat what an engine is to a car. Honey is to a bee what milk is to a cow. Air is to us what water is to fish. Leaves a

14、re to the plant what lungs are to the animal.,not any more than “不就像与 一样不”, 在any more than 后面的句子中没有否定词。该句型的其他表达方式为：no any more than / no more than; He cannot afford a new car any more than I can afford a house. There is no single solution to all problems any more than there is a single key that open

15、s all doors. Men can no more live without food than plants can grow without sunshine.,Ex 25F 25G,Practice,Do you know Tims brother? He is _ than Tim. A. much more sportsman B. more of a sportsman C. more of sportsman D. more a sportsman,That trumpet player was certainly loud. But I wasnt bothered by

16、 his loudness _ by his lack of talent. a) so much as b) rather than c) as d) than,The less the surface of the ground yields to the weight of a fully-loaded truck, _ to the truck. a) the greater stress is b) greater is the stress c) the stress is greater d) the greater the stress,Issues of price, pla

17、ce, promotion and product are _ conventional concerns in planning marketing strategies. a) these of the most b) most of those c) among the most d) among the many of,John is _ hardworking than his sister, but he failed in the exam. a) no less b) no more c) not less d) no so The children prefer campin

18、g in the mountains _ an indoor activity. a) to b) than c) for d) with,Language belongs to each member of the society, to the cleaner _ to the professor. a) as far as b) the same as c) as much as d) as long as,The experiment requires more money than_. A. have been put in B. being put in C. has been put in D. to be put in ,There ought to be less anxiety over the perceived risk of mountain climbing than _ in the public mind today. A. exists