Unit5《NelsonMandela-amodernhero》知识与要点.ppt

1、,1devote vt.(与to连用)献身；专心于 归纳拓展,把专用于，完全用于,其中to是介词，后接名词或动名词,(2)devoted adj.忠实的；深爱的 devotion n关爱，关照；奉献 She devoted herself to her work.她致力于她的工作。 Mr.Zhang devoted his life to helping the blind. 张先生一生都致力于帮助盲人。 They are devoted to their children. 他们深爱着自己的孩子。,【链接训练】 Nowadays many school children _ too much

2、 time _ playing computer games. Aspend；on Bdevote；to Ctake；to Dcost；in 【解析】考查动词用法。表示“花费”时，take和cost不能用sb.作主语，排除C、D两项；spend的用法是sb. spend time in doing sth.或sb. spend time on sth.，所以A项中on应改为in；devote.ton./doing意为“把用于”，符合题意，故B项正确。 【答案】B,2vote vt.& vi. 投票；选举；n. 投票；选票；表决 归纳拓展 vote for 赞成；投某人的票 vote again

3、st 投票反对 vote to do sth.投票表决做某事 vote on/upon.对投票表决 vote sth.through 表决通过(提案等) 80% of students vote for/against Jim. 80%的学生都投了吉姆的赞成票/反对票。,Well have to vote on the problem. 我们得对这一问题投票表决。 There were 400 votes for Mr.Black，and 350 against. 400票支持布莱克先生，350票反对。,【链接训练】 They should have the right _. Avote Bv

4、ote for Cvote out Dto vote 【解析】have the right to do sth.“有权利做某事”。vote for “赞成”，后应跟宾语；vote out “罢免”，也不能单独使用。 【答案】D,People in the city _ the lawyer to be the leader of the committee，for they thought he could give a correct order of the city. Avoted against Bvoted on Cvoted for Dvoted with 【解析】考查vote的用

5、法。vote for“投票赞成”；vote against“投票反对”；vote on sth.“投票表决”；没有vote with这一结构。结合句意，只有C项合适。 【答案】C,3attack v进攻，攻击；开始，着手；(疾病)侵袭，侵害 n攻击；进攻；病情发作(可数名词) 归纳拓展 (1)launch/make an attack on/against.attack.对发动进攻；袭击，抨击 under attack遭到袭击/抨击 air attack空袭 a surprise attack突然袭击 a heart attack心脏病突发,(2)attack sb.with sth.用攻击某

6、人 attack sb.for sth.抨击某人某事 (3)attacker n攻击者 At dawn the army attacked(made an attack on) the town.军队在黎明时向这座城镇发动攻击。 The doctor predicted that the disease that often attacks children would be prevented. 医生预言将能预防这种经常侵袭儿童的疾病。 The old man suffered a heart attack yesterday. 这位老人昨天心脏病发作了。,【链接训练】 After he b

7、ecame conscious，he remembered _ and _ on the head with a rod. Ato attack；hit Bto be attacked；to be hit Cattacking；be hit Dhaving been attacked；hit 【解析】句意为：恢复意识后，他记得被袭击了并且头上被挨了一棍。remember to do sth.“记住要做某事”；remember doing sth.“记着做了某事”。因为he与attack和hit之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故D项正确。 【答案】D,4equal v. 等于；抵得上adj. 相等

8、的；平等的；胜任的；n.同等的人；相等物 归纳拓展 A equals B in.A在方面比得上B be equal to n/doing sth.胜任某事/做某事 be without equal/have no equal无与伦比；无敌,(2)equally adv.同等程度地；均等 equality n平等 Three plus two equals five. Three plus two is equal to five.3加2等于5。 I am not equal to the job.我不能胜任这份工作。 He equals me in strength but not in in

9、telligence. 他和我力气相当，但智力不同。 Men are born equal and you shouldnt look down upon others.人人生而平等，你不能轻视别人。 He is a player without equal. 他是个无与伦比的运动员。,【链接训练】 Mr.Smith doubted whether his daughter would be _ to the job at first，and she proved to be the right person. Aequal Bsimilar Cfamiliar Dcontent 【解析】be

10、 equal to sth.“胜任某事”，符合题意。be similar to “与相似”，be familiar to sb.“为某人所熟知”。 【答案】A,Everybody has a(n) _ chance.Now，lets see who can do it best. Asame Bequal Cwell Dalike 【解析】句意为“每个人都有平等的机会”，而非“同一个”，故不用A。C项多指身体，不作定语，多作表语；D项作表语。 【答案】B,5escape vt.逃避，逃脱，避免vi.逃脱，逃跑n逃脱；出口 归纳拓展 (1)escape sth./doing sth.逃避某事/做

11、某事 escape from sb./sth.逃脱，逃走；从中逃出来 escape ones notice没注意 (2)make ones escape逃走 a narrow escape九死一生 You are lucky to escape punishment/being punished. 你真走运，逃过了惩罚。,The driver managed to escape from the burning car. 这位司机终于从燃烧的汽车里逃了出来。 The thief made his escape by jumping a car. 小偷跳上一辆汽车逃跑了。,【链接训练】 He w

12、as a lucky dog，for he narrowly escaped _ by a car yesterday. Akilled Bkilling Cbeing killed Dfrom killing 【解析】escape用作“逃跑，逃脱”之意时后接动名词或名词作宾语，根据语境可知此处应用被动语态。 【答案】C,6reward n奖赏，报酬，酬劳vt.酬劳，奖赏，报答 归纳拓展 (1)as a reward for sth.作为对某事的报酬 in reward作为回报 (2)reward sb.with sth.for sth.给某人的酬劳来感谢其做了 reward sb.for (

13、doing) sth.因为(做)某事奖赏某人 He received a title as a reward for his great contribution to the nation.他因对国家的巨大贡献获得了一个头衔。 He got nothing in reward for his kindness. 他并没有因为善意而得到报酬。,He gave the boy a reward of 1 for bringing back the lost dog. He rewarded the boy with 1 for bringing back the lost dog. 他给小男孩一

14、英镑的赏金作为他带回走失的狗的酬劳。,【链接训练】 He helped her and she _ him with a smile. Agave Bbrought Crewarded Dsaid 【解析】句意为：他帮助了她，她回报给他一个微笑。考查动词用法。give sb. sth.，bring sb. sth.，say to sb.，排除A、B、D三项；只有reward sb. with sth.结构正确，故选C项。 【答案】C,1out of work失业be out of a job(表示状态) 归纳拓展 (1)be out of workbe in work(反义词，表示状态) lo

15、se ones jobfind a job(反义词，表示动作) (2)out of order混乱，无秩序；有毛病 out of date过时 out of danger脱离危险,out of patience没有耐心 out of ones reach够不着 out of control 失去控制 out of temper发脾气 out of breath气喘吁吁 out of mind心不在焉 Work hard，or you will be out of work. 好好干，不然你会失业的。 He lost his job last week and his wife has been

16、 out of work for two months. 上周他失业了，他的妻子也已经失业两个月了。 Out of sight, out of mind.谚眼不见，心不念。,【链接训练】 You cant find him in the office，for he is _ work today.Maybe he is at home. Aoff Bat Cout of Din 【解析】off work“在休班”，习惯用法。 【答案】A,Youll have to use the stairs.Im afraid the lift is out of _. Aorder Bwork Cacti

17、on Dtouch 【解析】out of order “出问题，有故障”，符合题意。out of work “失业”。 【答案】A,2turn to求助于，致力于；翻到 归纳拓展 turn to sb. for help求助某人 turn against背叛 turn around转过身，转过来 turn in上交 turn on打开 turn off关掉 turn up(把音量)开大；出现 turn down开小；拒绝,turn over翻转；翻身 turn out(to be)结果是；原来是；证明是 Nobody seems to understand.I dont know who to

18、 turn to.似乎没有人懂这个。我不知道该向谁求助 Turn to page 10，please.请翻到第10页。 The job turned out (to be) harder than we thought. 这份工作结果比我们想象得要难。,【链接训练】 The French pianist who had been praised very highly_ to be a great disappointment. Aturned up Bturned in Cturned out Dturned down 【解析】考查动词短语辨析。turn up“露面；调大声音”；turn i

19、n“上交”；turn out“原来是，结果”；turn down“调小音量等，拒绝”。句意为：被高度赞扬的法国钢琴家结果是大失所望。 【答案】C,3come to power上台，执政；当权 归纳拓展 (1)come to powercome into power当权；上台 (2)come to power不可与时间段状语连用，如果与时间段连用应改为be in power。 (3)be in power握有政权；当权 beyond/out of ones power(某人)力所不及的 within ones power(某人)力所能及的 do everything in ones power

20、to do sth.尽全力做某事 The party came to/into power 4 years ago. The party has been in power for 4 years.,这个政党执政有4年了。 Its beyond /out of my power to help you. 我没有能力帮助你。 I did everything in my power to help the homeless villagers. 我尽力帮助那些无家可归的村民们。,【链接训练】 He _ for ten years but still doesnt want to leave of

21、fice. Ahas been in power Bhas come to power Chas taken office Dcame into power 【解析】come to/into power和take office均为短暂性动词短语，不能和一段时间连用，而be in power表状态，能和一段时间连用，故选A。 【答案】A,4be sentenced to被判处(徒刑) 归纳拓展 (1)sentence vt.判决；宣判n判决；句子 (2)sentence sb.to death/life imprisonment/some time in prison判处某人死刑/终身监禁/刑期

22、 (3)a prison sentence判处监禁 a light/heavy sentence轻判/重判 be under sentence of death被判处死刑 He was sentenced to three years in prison. 他被判处3年徒刑。 The judge sentenced the prisoner to death. 法官判决这名犯人死刑。 The judge passed sentence.法官宣布了判决。,【链接训练】 _，and Charles felt hopeless. ABecause he was sentenced to death

23、BAs he was sentenced to death CSentenced to death DHe was sentenced to death 【解析】由and可知这是并列句，而A、B两项是原因状语从句，故被排除；C项是过去分词短语作状语，不与and连用；只有D项是简单句，全句是并列句。 【答案】D,5I felt bad the first time I talked to a group. 第一次我向(参观)小组谈论(罗本岛监狱的情况)时，心里觉得很不好受。 the first/second/last time 是名词短语，但有时可用作连词，引导一个时间状语从句，意为“第一次/第

24、二次/最后一次时”。上面句子中的 the first time I talked to a group 可换成When I talked to a group for the first time。 归纳拓展 类似的用法还有：,every time 每次/回就 each time 每当时 next time 下次时 any time (在)任何时间 (2)有时副词也可充当连词，引导时间状语从句，它们是：instantly，immediately，directly 等，都相当于 as soon as。 Every/Each time I was in trouble，he would come

25、to help me out.每一次我遇到麻烦，他都会来帮我。,The moment I heard the voice，I knew Father was coming. 听到声音的那一刻，我知道父亲来了。 The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother. 男孩一看到妈妈，立刻大哭起来。,【链接训练】 _ they visited the Science Museum，they showed great interest in everything they saw. AThe first time BFor the first

26、time CAt first DAt the first time 【解析】两个句子间缺少连词，而在四个选项中，只有the first time可用作连词，意为“当第一次”。 【答案】A,Eric rushed home _ he heard the news，only _ that his wife was gone. Aas soon as；finding Bimmediately；to find Cthe moment；find Dwhen；found 【解析】表示“一就”可以用as soon as，immediately，the moment；第二个空only后用不定式作结果状语表示意

27、想不到的结果。 【答案】B,关系副词以及由“介词关系代词”引导的定语从句 1了解关系副词when，where和why引导的定语从句的基本用法。 (1)Mr.Black would never forget the day.On the day he joined the army. 以上为两个简单句，第二个分句中的on the day指第一个分句中的the day，在分句中作时间状语。,以上两个简单句可改为一个复合句，即定语从句，其连接词用关系副词when(表示时间)，其先行词往往是表示时间的名词(如time，day，hour，year等)。 This was a time when ther

28、e were still slaves in the USA.这是一个美国还有奴隶的时期。 (2)在英语中，引导定语从句的关系副词还有where(表地点，其先行词往往是表示地点的名词，如place，room，house，street，area等)，why(表示原因，常放在先行词reason后面)。,Shanghai is the place where she was born. 上海是她的出生地。 Is this the reason why he came late? 这就是他来晚的原因吗？ 注意：先行词当表示时间、地点等且在定语从句中不充当状语而作主语或宾语时，不用when，where来

29、引导定语从句，要用which或that来引导。 2正确选择关系代词与关系副词 在定语从句中，关系词的选择主要受先行词以及关系词本身在从句中所充当的句子成分的制约。,如果定语从句中的谓语动词是及物动词，而其后又没有宾语，或者从句中缺少主语、定语或表语，这时就要用关系代词引导定语从句。如果定语从句中的谓语是不及物动词，或已有了宾语、定语、主语和表语等成分，就要用关系副词引导这个定语从句。 I know a place where we can skate. 我知道一个我们可以滑冰的地方。(作状语) I know a place which/that is not far from here. 我知

30、道一个离这儿不远的地方。(作主语),3了解“介词关系代词which/whom”引导的定语从句 学习这种带介词的定语从句，要特别注意，介词后要接关系代词而不接关系副词(因副词常作状语，不作宾语)。还要注意介词之后的关系代词只有两个：which和whom，先行词指物用“介词which”；指人用“介词whom”，且两个关系代词均不可省略。 介词的选用必须遵循两个原则：定语从句中谓语动词与先行词的搭配；根据先行词的特殊用法。 In the dark street，there wasnt a single person to whom she could turn for help.,在漆黑的街上，她找

31、不到一个可以求助的人。 该句介词的选用遵循第个原则：定语从句中turn与先行词person搭配形成turn to sb.(for help)“向某人求助”这个固定短语。 The gardener was asked to tell the way in which the poor dog had died.有人要求园丁说明狗是怎么死的。 该句介词的选用遵循第个原则：以特殊的先行词引导定语从句，且从句缺状语，“以的方式”用in(this，the) way，故用in which。,注意：另外，介词的选用还要根据从句与主句的意思搭配。 My sister graduated from Zhejiang University，after which she went to Britain for further education. 我姐姐毕业浙江大学，之后去英国深造。,【链接训练】 Professor Wooden makes roughly