2019中高考英语情态动词讲解及练习

1、情态动词一、 常见情态动词用法1. can 表示能力，一般译为“能、会”，尤其指生来具备的能力。如：She can swim fast, but I cant. 表示许可，常在口语中。如：You can use my dictionary. 表示推测，意为“可能”，常用于否定句和疑问句中，此时cant译为“不可能”。如：Can the news be true?No, it cant be our teacher. He is on a visit to the Great Wall.2. could can的过去式，意为“能、会”，表示过去的能力。如：He could write poems

2、 when he was 10. could在疑问句中，表示委婉请求的语气，此时could没有过去式的意思。如:Could you please do me a favour?Could I use your pen?Yes, you can.（注意回答要用can，不能用could）3. may 表示请求、许可，比can正式，如：May I borrow your bike? You may go home now. 表示推测，谈论可能性，意为“可能，或许”，一般用于肯定句中。如：It may rain tomorrow. She may be at home.(3) 表示希望、祈求、祝愿，常

3、可译为“祝愿”。通常是用may +主+V如：May you have a good time. May you be happy!May you succeed！4.mightmay的过去式为 might，might 也可以表示可能性低于may（此时might没有过去式的意思）。如：He is away from school. He might be sick.5. must must 表示主观看法，意为“必须”。如：You must stay here until I come back.Must I hand in my homework right now? 对must引导的疑问句，肯

4、定回答为must，否定回答为neednt 或dont have to .如：Must I finish my homework?No, you neednt. must也可以表示有把握的推测，意为“ 一定，肯定”，用于肯定句。如: The light is on, so he must be at home now. 其否定形式mustnt表示“禁止,不许”。如：You mustnt play with fire.You mustnt be late.其中，要注意其反意问句的构成形式：当must表示肯定的判断、推测时，其反意疑问句要用实际问句的助动词来构成。如：She must have se

5、en the film before，hasnt she?(注意反意疑问句的后半部分)You must have met uncle Wang in the shop yesterday，didnt you? (注意反意疑问句的后半部分)6. need(1) need表示需要，主要用于否定句和疑问句中，其否定形式为neednt，意为“不必”。(2) 用need提问时，肯定回答为must，否定回答为neednt或dont have to。如：Need I stay here any longer?Yes, you must .No. you neednt /dont have to.(3) ne

6、ed还可以作实义动词，此时有人称、数和时态的变化，如果是人作主语后边多接动词不定式。如：I need to do it right now.如果是物作主语，一般用need doing与need to be done，这种情况下应注意两点： 主动形式的动名词doing具有被动的含义； 该动名词可以改为其动词不定式的被动形式而句子的意义不变。例如：. The door needs painting. = The door needs to be painted.7. shallshall表示征求对方意见（多用于第一人称）如：Shall we go out for a walk?8. should

7、should 意为“应该”，可表示劝告、建议、义务、责任等。如：We should protect the environment. Should have done 意为”本应该做某事而没做“，表示对过去动作的责备、批评。如：You should have finished your homework.9. willwill 表示意愿、意志、打算，可用于多种人称,常见于主将从现句型的主句中。如：I will help you if Im free this afternoon.10.wouldwould 用来表示过去的意愿或委婉的询问。如：Would you tell me the way

8、to the station? 你能告诉我去车站的路吗?11. had betterhad better 意为“最好”，没有人称的变化，后面接不带to的不定式，其否定形式为：had better not。如：We had better go now.二、 易混点清单1. can和be able to :can 和be able to表示能力时用法相同，can只用于现在时和过去式(could)，但 be able to表示经过努力后, 能够做到有现在时,过去时和将来时。如:We will be able to come back next week. 我们下周能回来。The fire sprea

9、d through the hotel very quickly but everyone was able to get out. （表示经过努力后, 能够做到）Jim couldnt speak Chinese last year, but now he can. 吉姆去年不会说汉语，但现在他会了。2. can 和may 表可能性的区别1.在肯定句中,用may表可能You had better ask the policeman. He may know.你最好问警察,他可能知道。2. 在否定句中，若语气肯定，表示“不可能”时用can not；若语气不肯定，表示“可能不”时用may not

10、。Mr. Li cant be in the room. He has gone to Beijing for a visit.李老师不可能在，他去北京度假了。3. could, should, would, might表示委婉语气could, should, would, might等过去式有时不表示过去，而是表示更委婉客气的语气。Would you tell me the way to the park? 你能告诉我去公园的路吗？4.must和have (has) to： must和have (has) to 意思均为“必须”，常可以互换使用。但have (has) to用于强调客观需要，

11、意为“必须，不得不”；must用于表示主观看法，意为“必须，应该”。Well have to ask Zhang Hong instead. /We must work hard at school. 5. maybe和may bemay为情态动词，后加动词原形be，用在句中;maybe为副词,“大概，也许”,相当于perhaps,用于句首。 6. cant和mustnt: 表否定推测时应用cant, mustnt表达“禁止、不允许”的含义，不是用来表推测的，在肯定句中must表推测，译为“一定”。 三、常考点总结1. 表推测的情态动词对比must一定（语气强；把握大）may might可能m

12、ay not might not可能不cant(cannot)不可能（语气强；把握大）注意mustnt只有禁止的意思，不能表推测。其中最常考的是must 和cant; may也有出现，一般会有I am not sure提示。2. 表“必要性”的情态动词对比must必须neednt不必 ( = dont have to)3. 特殊回答总结情态动词肯定否定用must问mustneednt / dont have to用need问mustneednt / dont have to用may问may / cancant / mustnt用could表示温婉请求can/maycant/mustnt四、课下

13、练习1. 一Jack, _ you ride a bike?Yes,1 can. A. can B. may C. need D. must2. Must I water the flowers now, mum?No, you . You _ do it later.A. mustnt; must B. mustnt; may C. neednt; may D. neednt; must3. I know by what time you want the project to be done?By the day after tomorrow. you finish it on time?

14、A. May; Can B. Must; Need C. Could; Must D. Need; Would4.Whos singing in the garden?It be Mr. Brown. He always practices singing at this time.A. must B. cant C. need5. I _ follow you. Would you please repeat it?A. cant B. mustnt C. neednt D. shouldnt6. Must I hand in my homework now, Mr. Smith?No, y

15、ou _.A. cant B. shouldnt C. wouldnt D. neednt7.Excuse me, may I keep the book a little longer?Sorry. You _ return it today.A. must B. mustnt C. can D. cant8.Is the man over there Mr. Brown?It _ him. He has gone to Brazil to watch the 2014 FIFA World Cup.A. may not B. cant be C. shouldnt D. mustnt9.

16、Children _ si t in the front seat of a car. Its too dangerous.A. need B. neednt C. must D. mustnt10.I forgot to bring my dictionary. Could I use yours?Yes, you _.A. can B. must C. could D. should11. The man is feeling much better now, so you _ call a doctor.A. neednt B. cant C. mustnt D. shouldnt12.

17、 If you _ smoke, please go outside.A. can B. may C. must D. might13. After you read the article “Why fast food is slowly killing you”, you _ stop eating fast food.A. can B. may C. have to D. should14. Look at the “No parking” sign. You _ park your car here.A. should B. must C. neednt D. mustnt15. We _ pay to get into the concert. Its free.A. cant B. mustnt C. might not D. dont have to16.May I take this magazine