国际商务沟通英文PPT2

1、Chapter 2,Universal Systems, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,2,Universal Systems,Economic Systems Political Systems Educational Systems Marriage and Family Systems Social hierarchies and social interaction, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,3,Economic

2、ISMs,Socialism - You have two cows. Give one cow to your neighbor. Communism - You have two cows. Give both cows to the government, and they may give you some of the milk. Nazism - You have two cows. The government shoots you and takes both of the cows. Anarchism - You have two cows. Keep both of th

3、e cows and shoot the government agent and steal another cow. Capitalism - You have two cows. Sell one cow and buy a bull., 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,4,HDI,U.S. 12 Australia03 Canada04 China81 France10 Germany22 India128 Japan08 Mexico52 Netherlands 09 New Zealand19 Sin

4、gapore25 South Korea26 United Arab Emirates39 United Kingdom16,Country Rank, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,5,Economic Systems,U.S. - capitalistic with socialistic overtones; free market with government regulations United Kingdom - based on capitalism; since the 1980s some

5、sectors have been privatized; less regulation of industry has been encouraged Mexico capitalistic with social controls Japan - capitalistic/free market Canada - capitalistic with social controls in health care and retirement, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,6,Political Syste

6、ms,U.S. - president elected by electoral college; states have numerous rights. Canada confederation with parliamentary system; prime minister and members of the House of Commons elected; country divided into provinces; each province controls its region. China - Chinas policies are determined by a 20

7、-member Politboro and a 7-member standing committee. The Chinese Communist Party is the only legal political party. United Kingdom - ruled by a constitutional monarchy with a parliament. The monarch is head of state, but elected officials govern through Parliament., 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publ

8、ishing as Prentice Hall,7,France - The French Republic has 22 regions, divided into 96 departments. President is the head of state and serves a 7-year term. Prime minister is appointed by the President from the majority party in the National Assembly. Germany president is elected by members of the f

9、ederal and state legislatures for a maximum of two 5-year terms. Chancellor is head of government, elected by the lower house of Parliament, the Federal Assembly. Japan - constitutional monarchy but emperor has no power. Prime minister, lower house, and upper house elected by the people. Prefectures

10、 (states) have governors elected by the people.,Political Systems (cont.), 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,8,Iran - Six religious leaders and six lay leaders make up Council of Guardians; council approves presidential candidates. Mexico - federal government with president el

11、ected by those over 18; voting is obligatory. President may serve only one term, but senators and deputies may serve more than one term (terms cannot be consecutive). Federal government controls some industries and education. United Arab Emirates federation of seven emirates South Korea most members

12、 of government are elected. State council includes the president, prime minister, and 15-30 ministry heads.,Political Systems (concl.), 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,9,World Economics,Foreign competition Increased productivity World competition for positions Quality versus

13、 price Supernationalism Subnationalism, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,10,Formal andInformal Education,Formal education - a formalized educational structure; education acquired in school Informal education - no formal educational infrastructure, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc.

14、 publishing as Prentice Hall,11,Education in the U.S.,Learning concepts emphasized Students taught to think for themselves Reasoning and developing intellectual abilities, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,12,Education in the U.S.,Anybody can get into college in the United Sta

15、tes. Malaysians, remarking on the easy accessibility of American colleges and universities, compared U.S. schools unfavorably to that of the British who once ruled Malaysia and provided the model for their educational system. However, the Malaysians observed, “You Americans put men on the moon, so t

16、here must be something right about your system.”, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,13,Education in Japan,National curriculum set up by the Ministry of Education. Lessons are compulsory; core subjects are Japanese, Math, and English. Teaching is considered a high status profes

17、sion. Teachers must continue their professional involvement, be moral citizens, and act as role models to students. Schools differentiate by ability. High expectations for students. Parental involvement is very strong., 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,14,Social Stratificatio

18、n,authority power property ownership income lifestyle occupation,educational background altruistic activity kinship connections ties with volunteer associations,Ranking of people in a society into higher and lower positions by other members of society, resulting in a hierarchy of respect and prestig

19、e.,On what basis do we rank people?, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,15,Occupational Rankings, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,16,Family Systems,Nuclear family (father, mother, children) Extended family (grandparents, uncles, aunts, cousins), 2011 Pe

20、arson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,17,Common Family Systems,Polygyny (1 man, many wives) Arab countries/Islamic believers Polandry (1 woman, many husbands) Polynesian nations Monogamy (1 husband and wife) North and South America, Europe Serial Monogamy (people remarry after divorce or

21、 death of spouse) U.S., 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,18,Social Hierarchies/ Interaction,Social reciprocity - the way formal and informal communications are handled. Involves independent social reciprocity (avoids commitment); symmetrical-obligatory social reciprocity (peo

22、ple have an equal obligation); complementary-obligatory social reciprocity (people are forever indebted to others) Group membership has two extremes people can belong to many groups or very few groups; people in the middle try to balance group affiliation and personal freedom, 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall,19,Intermediaries - people who act as go-betweens with other people Formality - the degree