商务英语翻译 之 数字翻译.ppt

1、,（三）表示“高于”、“多于”,数字翻译法,（二）表示“大约”、“不确定”,（五）形容数目、数量多时的翻译,（四）表示“少于”、“差一些”、“不到”等,（六）形容数目、数量少时的翻译,（一）表示“不多不少”、“恰恰正好”,（七）倍数的翻译,（八）大数字的翻译,The wire measures exactly twenty meters.,The machine worked for ten whole days.,The plane takes off at 8 oclock sharp.,这条导线刚好20米长。,这台机器整整运转了10天时间。,这架飞机8点整起飞。,He earns a c

2、ool half million dollars a year.,他一年收入整整50万美元。,Professor Johnson finished the experiment in twenty-four hours flat.,约翰逊教授完成这一实验正好用了24小时。,（一）表示“不多不少”、“恰恰正好”、“整整”： exactly，flat，just，sharp，whole，cool等,The T-shirt cost just 10 dollars.,买这个T恤衫正好花了10美元。,It is nearly / toward (s) 4 oclock.,It is somewhere

3、about 4 oclock.,The price of this new machine is on the border of/ in the neighborhood of a thousand dollars.,现在将近四点了。,现在四点左右。,这台新机器的价格约1000美元。,The book will only cost 15 dollars or so.,这本书只要十五美元左右。,About / Some / Around / Round twenty passengers were killed in the road accident.,这次交通事故中约有二十名旅客死亡。,（

4、二）表示“大约”、“不确定”：about，some，around，round，nearly，towards，somewhere about，estimated，approximately，on the border of，close to，or so等,Never spend in excess of your income.,There are three thousand odd students in this normal school.,Supplies of this commodity greatly exceed the demand.,花钱切勿超过你的收入。,这所师范院校有三

5、千多名学生。,这种商品的供应大大超过了需求。,Upwards of seven thousand medical workers and twenty thousand PLA men have left for the earthquake district.,有七千多名医务人员和两万多名解放军前往震区。,The patients are children of three years old and upwards.,这些病人是三岁和三岁以上的儿童。,（三）表示“高于”、“多于”：more than, odd, over, above, long, past, or more, upwar

6、ds of, higher than, in excess of , exceed等,The child couldnt count past 20.,这个孩子不会数20以上的数。,The price of that tricycle is less than /under /below fifty dollars.,He bought the coffeepot at 6 dollars off the list price.,那辆三轮车的售价还不到50美元。,他以低于价目表6美元的价格买下了那把咖啡壶。,（四）表示“少于”、“差一些”、“不到”：less, less than, below

7、, no more than, under, short of, off, to, within, as few as等,The invention cost each family no more than one dollar a week.,这项发明使每个家庭每周最多花费1美元。,Its five minutes to five now.,现在是5点差5分。,The motor ran 450 solid days on end.,The experiment will take three months, at least.,The temperature at the suns ce

8、nter is as high as 10 000 000 ,马达连续运转了足足450天 。,实验至少需要三个月时间。,太阳中心的温度高达摄氏1 000万度。,They covered full twenty reference sources on clone in a single day.,仅用了一天时间，他们就看完了足足20种有关克隆的资料。,There were no less than 3 000 dead and wounded in the 911 terrorist attack.,在911恐怖袭击中，死伤者达3 000多人。,（五）表示数目、数量多时：full, solid

9、, at least, all of, no less than, asas，等,They covered all of ten miles.,他们走了实足十英里。,There is at most / only room for one person.,That solar-energy car weighs only / merely / barely / scarcely / but 500kg.,至多只有可容纳一个人的空间。,那辆太阳能汽车重量仅有500公斤。,（六）表示数目、数量少：only, merely, barely, scarcely, but, at most, no mo

10、re than, scant 等,Inspection time for the installation was no more than 2 hours.,安装检验工作仅用了两个小时。,They covered a scant six miles today.,他们今天走了近6里路。,1. “be n times as a. (ad.)+ as”,The grain output of this year is about three times as great as that of last year.,2. “n times + a.(ad.)比较级+than ”,“是的n倍”或“比

11、大（n1）倍”,今年的粮食产量大约是去年的3倍/比去年多两倍左右。,（七）倍数的翻译,Asia is four times larger than Europe.,“是的n倍”或“比大（n1）倍”,亚洲的面积是欧洲的4倍/亚洲的面积比欧洲大3倍。,This power plant is four times larger than that one. 这个发电站比那个发电站大三倍。,1. This wire is as long again as that one.,2. Brown has half as many books again as Peter does.,这根金属线的长度是那根

12、的两倍。,布郎的书比彼得的书多一半。,3. Prof. Peter has books as many again as I do.,彼得教授的书比我的书多一倍。,3.“be as + a. (ad.)+ again as” ； “again as+ a. (ad.) + as”,“是的两倍”或“比多一倍”,另外，若again之前有half，则表示“比长（大，宽，多）半倍”；若again之前有much或many，则表示“比长（大，宽，多）一倍”。,4. “n times + upon/over”,“是 n倍”或“比 多n-1倍”,The industrial output in our fac

13、tory this year is ten times over that of 1999.,今年我们工厂的产量是1999年的10倍。,The total output value of the citys light industry has grown three times over that of last year.,这个城市的轻工业总产值比去年增长了两倍。,He is five times upon your age.,他的年龄是你的5倍。,The population of this county has increased by a factor of 5.,By 2004 t

14、he production of primary copper has increased fivefold.,该县的人口已经增长了4倍。,到2004年，原铜产量增长了4倍。,The sales of industrial electronic products have multiplied 5 times.,工业电子产品销售额增加了4倍。,The steel output has increased by three times.,钢产量已增加了两倍。,5. “increase (rise, grow, go up等) +(by) n times” “increase (rise, gro

15、w, go up等) + to + n times” “increase (rise, grow, go up等) + n-fold” “increase (rise, grow, go up等) + by a factor of + n”,“增加到n倍”、“增加了（n1）倍”,The price of rice has increased to three times.,大米的价格涨到了原价的3倍。,The output went up by 45 000 tons.,The production has increased by 5 %.,7. “an increase of n +单位”

16、或“a n% increase of” 表示净增量，数词n 照译。,产量增加了45 000 吨。,生产已增加了5。,There is an increase of 4.5 million tons of steel as compared with last year.,钢产量比去年增加了450万吨。,There is a 25% increase of steel as compared with last year.,钢产量比去年增加了25。,6. “increase (rise, grow, go up) +by n +单位（或n %）” 表示净增量，数词n等照译。,180 decrea

17、sed by 80 is 100.,The cost decreased by 40%.,180减去80等于100。,成本下降了40。,This new process used 35 % less fuel.,这种工艺少用了35的燃料。,8. “decrease ( reduce, fall, lower,等) + by n 或n%”; “（系）动词 + n或 n% less (than)”,表示净减量，所减数字n均可照译。,The enterprise management expenditure this year has decreased by three times as agai

18、nst that of 2002.,The price of farm tools has decreased by a factor of 4.,该企业今年的行政管理开支比2002年降低了2/3。,农具价格降到原价的1/4。,The error probability of the equipment was reduced by 2.5 times through technical innovation.,通过技术革新该设备误差概率降低了3/5。,因为英汉语言在使用分数方面的差异（如汉语的分母中极少使用小数点），如果英语减少的倍数中有小数点时，则应换算成分数。根据表达习惯英语中的2.5t

19、imes，汉语一般不说“二点五分之一”，这时应换算成整数分母，即“降低到五分之二”或“降低了五分之三”。,9. “decrease (reduce，fall等）+ (by) n times” “decrease (reduce，fall等）+ n times as + a. (ad.) + as” “decrease (reduce，fall等）+ by a factor of n,“减少到n分之1” 或“减加少了n分之（n1）”,By using a new process the prime cost of the television set was reduced by 3.4 tim

20、es.,采用一种新工艺使这种电视的主要成本降低了71%。,算成整数分母，即“降低到5/17”或“降低了12/17”，但这样仍不符合汉语习惯。在不要求绝对精确的情况下，可进一步换算成百分数，即“降低到29%”或“降低了71%”。,（八）大数字的翻译,中国与英美数字方面的差异： 首先，数目的分位制不同。中国数字分位是“个、十、百、千”，再往上是“万、十万、百万、千万”，然后是“亿、十亿、百亿、千亿”，等等。而英美则习惯上以三位数来分位，即“个、十、百”，往上去是“千、十千、百千”，然后是“M(million百万)、十M、百M”，最后落脚点都在“百”上。 其次，命数法不同。中国以“万”和“亿”来命数

21、，而英美以“million”和“billion”来命数。同时，英美的命数也有不同：“billion”在美国指“十亿”，在英国指“万亿（兆）”，美国则用“trillion”指“万亿（兆）”。,大数字的基本译法,nine thousand, seven hundred and forty-three a hundred and seventy-four thousand, three hundred and one eighteen million, six hundred and fifty-seven thousand, four hundred and twenty-one seven hu

22、ndred and fifty million four billion（美式）或four thousand million（英式） twenty billion （美式） three hundred billion （美式） four million million,9,743,174,301,18,657,421,750,000,000,40亿,200亿,3000亿,4万亿,英文数字读法规律(从右开始读，以美式英语为例)： 第一个逗号前的数字读成thousand, 1,000 = one thousand第二个逗号前的数字读成million, 1,000,000 = one million

23、第三逗号前的数字读成billion, 1,000,000,000 = one billion第四个逗号前的数字读成trillion, 1,000,000,000,000 = one trillion,In this region the grain output is now five timesfive-fold that twenty years ago,本地区现在的粮食产量是二十年前的五倍。本地区现在的粮食产量比二十年前增长了四倍。,Johnson finished the 200-meter dash in 22 seconds flat.,约翰逊跑完200米正好用了22秒。,The company spent