高考英语专题复习-单项选择.ppt

1、,单 项 填 空 题,高考题型专题复习,命题特征,解题技巧,专题练习,命题要点,单 项 填 空 的 命 题 特 征,知识覆盖面广 语境地位突出 交际性原则明确 试题题干新颖 迷惑性较大 灵活性较高,单项填空的命题要点,连词、代词 形容词、副词 介词搭配 惯用短语 短语动词 情态动词 动词语态 句子结构 动词时态 非谓语动词,解题技巧：,一.还原法 题干以省略句，疑问句，被动句，倒装句，强调句或使用从句等形式，避开考生所熟悉的陈述句结构，从而达到加大难度。 例如：,1. To all of you _ the honor for the success Abelongs to Bbelong t

2、o Cbelongs Dbelong,分析：倒装句，还原后为： The honor for the success belongs to all of you.,c,2. Time should be made good use of _our lessons well. A. learningB. learned C. to learnD. learns,分析：将题干改写为主动句，则为We should make good use of time _our lesson well.,C,3.What made her mother so angry? _the exam. A. Becaus

3、e she did not passB. Her not passing C. She did not pass D. Because her not passing,分析；将题干改写为：_the exam made her mother so angry.,B,将不熟悉的疑问句，倒装句，被动句，强调句等还原为熟悉的陈述句；也可将残缺的部分补出或将多余的部分删除。,解题决窍：,二.排除思维定势 利用思维定势的影响来设题，这是最容易让我们上当的题。因为我们背记了许多语法规则，词汇，词的固定搭配和句子结构等，做题时只注意这些熟悉的语法规则，结构和局部固定搭配，往往在没有完全弄清整个题干意思是就作出

4、了选择，结果当然出错。 例如：,1.Im sorry I cant help _ the floor of the classroom. A. sweeping B. swept C. to sweep D. to sweeping,C,3. Do you have any idea of the reason _ he referred to？ Athat Bwhere Cwhy Dwhen,A,A,4. What do think of the plan? I feel _that we ought to give it up at once. A. strongly B. strong

5、C. stronger D. it strong,A,2. Madame Curie，for _ life had once been very hard， was successful later Awhom Bwhich Cwhose Dthat,正确理解句意，避免定势思维。在学习过程中，尤其是复习阶段，我们应就一些常见的、重要的词、词组及句型加以反复训练，以加深印象，以避免思维定势的干扰。,解题决窍：,三.克服汉英差异 英汉在表达习惯，思维方式等方面具有很多不同，命题者常利用汉英差异出题。如汉语的“参加”在许多情况下都适用，如参加会议，参加考试，参加解放军等，而在英语中则因不同的宾语用不

6、同的动词，如: take part in the celebration, attend a meeting, join the army, take an exam, join in a discussion 例如：,1. Its getting late. Im afraid I must be going now. - OK. _ .（2004全国卷） Take it easy B. Go slowly C. Stay longer D. See you,D,3. There was once a cruel king _in the castle. A. lived B. who li

7、ves C. was living D. living,B,D,2. The population of China is _than that of Russia. A. much more B. much larger C. many more D. many larger,留心英汉表达差异 ,平时要多读多比较多归纳，尽量避免Chinglish。,解题决窍：,四. 注意题干惯性 此种类型的题多以对话形式出现，我们答题往往会借助原题干的动词时态和结构等来判断选项，结果造成错选。 例如：,1. Alice. you feed the bird today, ? But I fed it yes

8、terday. (1999全国卷) A. do you B. will you C. didnt you D. dont you,2. -You havent been to Beijing, have you? -_.How I wish to go there! A. Yes, I have B. Yes, I havent C. No, I have D. No, I havent,B,D,3. Has Sam finished his homework today? I have no idea. He _ it this morning.(2004全国卷) A. did B. has

9、 done C. was doing D. had done,c,1）补全对话； 2）分清角色。由于这种试题多出现在对话题中，答语往往较简洁，多有省略，拿不准时，应将答语补充完整。另外要分清问答语气不同所使用的情态动词也不同，注意汉英不同习惯的表达。,解题决窍：,五.区分形近义近词 把相似、相近的词语或结构放在一起作为干扰选项，若我们基础知识掌握不牢就难于区分。例如：,2. Do you think the Stars will beat the Bulls? Yes. They have better players, so Ithem to win. A. hope B. prefer C

10、. expect D. want,C,1. The films made by Disney _all over the world. Aare used to show Bare used to showing Cused to be shown Dused to show,3. Id like to buy a housemodern ,comfortable ,and _ in a quiet neighborhood.（2004福建） Ain all Babove all Cafter all Dat all,B,C,1）明确词意 所选答案要符合句子意思； 2）归纳比较 平时要特别重视

11、收集归纳比较同义词、近义词和相似词的异同，牢记它们的用法。,解题诀窍,六. 弄清语言环境 命题人在题干中不明确将语言时间或空间背景标示出来，而是比较巧妙地隐含在句子中，稍不注意就会错选。例如：,1.Hey, look where you are going? Oh, Im terribly sorry. A. Im not noticing B. I wasnt noticing C. I havent noticing D. I dont noticing,2. Robert is said _abroad, but I dont know what country he studied i

12、n. （1999全国卷） A. to have studied B. to study C. to be studying D. to have been studying,A,3. Mr. White _ at 8:30 for the meeting, but he didnt show up. （2004广西卷） A. should have arrived B. should arrive C. should have had arrived D. should be arriving,A,B,1）身临其境，揣摩意图 特别是对付考查时态的试题更要将自己置身于所提供的背景之中，同时注意揣

13、摩命题者的意图； 2） 认真分析题干里所隐藏的信息 如前后动词的时态以及那些貌似与题目无关的信息。,解题诀窍,1 推敲体会为主 近几年的高考单项选择题，命题专家精心设计题干，设置选项，是试题测试信度高、区分度好、难度适当的高质量试题。在复习中应对照答案认真推敲，仔细揣摩命题意图、思路，分析语境氛围的各种因素，力求语境氛围有全面清晰通彻的理解，真正领悟出正确答案的真谛所在。常言说“磨刀不误砍柴工”，这有助于提高答题准确率。,2 运用实践为主 根据新教材的特点和优势，尽可能在听、说、读、写的技能上多实践以丰富语言经验和语言意识，同时也应该尽可能地充分的利用音、形、图等视听媒介，以强化语言实践的效果

14、。,提高语境选择题解题质量的思考,3 提高-精练为主 单项选择题的语境设计更贴近生活，更注重语言的适用性。因此高考复习应以夯实基础、提高语用能力为前提，不应当将宝贵的时间和精力耗费在浩瀚的题海中。因而，应避免大战题海，必须选择质量好的语境题来精练，达到掌握知识、理解知识和运用知识，提高能力之目的，举一反三进行解题的有序操作，以求收到事半功倍的效果。,Have a try The car is already full, so there is no _ for the computer. A. room B. place C. space D. area Li Lin came _ in th

15、e Englishspeaking contest. A. the second B. second C. a second D. seconds We made Tom _ monitor of our class and _ monitor of Class 3 is Mike. A. /; a B. the; the C. the; a D. /; the Lucy, as well as her friends, _ this book before. A. have read B. has read C. reads D. read Each boy and each girl_re

16、ading attentively in the reading room. A. is found B. are found C. is found to D. are found to -Look, this pen is nice and it writes well. -OK, I want to buy _. A. it B. that C. one D. the one,7.This is so difficult a question _ almost no one can answer. A. which B. that C. as D. but 8.Dont be afraid to ask for help _ it is needed. A. but B. though C. since D. when 9.-Can I stay in Beijing for a week? - -No, not that long. Just a _ of days. A. number B. dozen C. few D. couple 10. With the man _ us, we finished the work on time. A. helping B. to help C. help