英语中考复习.ppt

1、被动语态,一：英语的谓语动词有两种语态,We speak English.,主语,谓语,宾语,English is spoken by us.,主语,谓语,宾语,宾变主,主变宾,前加by 动变被,看清be, 结构分别be+ pp,主动语态,被动语态,主变被解题步骤:,1. 找宾语 -即动作的承受者,They make shoes in that factory.,Shoes,2. 判断宾语的单复数 -即be动词的单复数.,are were,3. 判断动词的时态 -即be动词的时态.,4. 修改谓语的时态 -即原句动词改为过去分词,made,5. 修改原句的主语 -即by+ 主语/ 宾语.,by

2、 them.,Tom broke the window. The window was broken by Tom.,Tom broke the windows. The windows were broken by Tom.,He broke the windows. The windows were broken by him.,一般现在时： am / is / are done 一般过去时： was / were done 现在进行时： am / is / are being done 过去进行时： was / were being done 现在完成时： have / has been

3、 done 过去完成时： had been done 一般将来时： shall / will be done ; am/is/are going to be done 过去将来时: would be + done was/ were going to be + done 当句中含有情态动词时，句子结构为 ：情态动词+ be done （如can / must / have tobe done）,1.They make shoes in that factory. 主语+及物动词+宾语,Shoes are made (by them) in that factory. 一般现在时： S(主语）+

4、am/is /are +过去分词,变为被动语态,He rides the motorbike to his factory every day.,The motorbike is ridden to his factory every day.,We call the snowman Mr Strong.,The snowman is called Mr Strong.,We usually hear him play in the next room.,He is usually heard to play in the next room.,2. They bought ten compu

5、ters last term,Ten computers were bought (by them) last term. 一般过去时：S+was/were +过去分词,He bought his friend some fruits yesterday.,His friend was bought some fruits yesterday.,Some fruits were bought for his friend yesterday.,4Aby can take good care of Tina ,Tina can be taken good care of by Aby. 情态动词

6、： S+ can/may/must/should + be+过去分词,He can carry the basket easily.,The basket can be easily carried by him.,They can sing some beautiful songs.,Some beautiful songs can be sung by them.,“We must put them in the fridge.”The dogs thought .,“They must be put in the fridge.”The dogs thought.,3.They will

7、 finish the work in ten days.,The work will be finished (by them) in ten days. 一般将来时： S+ will+be+过去分词,They are going to have an evening party tomorrow.,An evening party is going to be had tomorrow.,Some workers are painting the rooms now,The rooms are being painted by some workers now. 现在进行时： S+ am/

8、is/are + being +过去分词,They are holding a sports meeting now.,A sports meeting is being held (by them) now.,We have made twenty more keys,Twenty more keys have been made by us. 现在完成时： S+ have/has + been+过去分词,Workers have built the house since two years ago.,The house has been built since two years ago

9、.,We had received many letters by the end of last week.,Many letters had been received by the end of last week.,They would have a party the next day.,A party would be had (by them) the next day.,1.People use knives for cutting things. Knives _ _ for cutting things. 2.The students clean the windows o

10、f their classroom twice a month. The windows of their classroom_ _ twice a month.,are used,are,cleaned,(变被动语态）,七嘴八舌,3.I found the ticket on the floor. _ _ _ _ on the floor. 4.I told her to return the book in time. She _ _ to return the book in time.,The ticket was found,was told,3. We found the tick

11、et on the floor .,5. His doctor made him have only two meals a day. He _ _ _ _ only two meals a day. 6.Now people can use computers to help them. Now computers _ _ _ to help them.,was made to have,can be,used,7. Did you plant many trees at this time last year? _ _ _ _ at this time last time? 8.Must

12、we finish our work today? _ our work_ _ today?,Were many trees planted,Must be finished,9. The foreign friends gave us some wonderful stamps. 1) _ _ _ some wonderful stamps. 2) Some wonderful stamps _ _ _ _.,we were given,were,given to us,10.The teacher asked Tom to turn on the computer. Tom _ _ to

13、turn on the computer. 11.In this factory women do most of the work. Most of the work _ _ by women in this factory.,was asked,is done,12.He can mend the bike in two days. The bike _ _ _ in two days. 13.You must take this medicine three times a day. This medicine _ _ _ three times a day.,can be mended

14、,must be,taken,14.The students in this school study German. German _ _ by the students in this school. 15.Do they often talk about this question? _ this question often _ about _ _?,is studied,Is,talked,by them,.被动语态的句式转换：被动语态的一般疑问句是将第一个助动词置于主语之前；否定句是在第一个助动词后加not；特殊疑问句的语序为：疑问词一般疑问句。例如： You shouldnt t

15、hrow the old book away （改为被动语态） The old book _ _ _ _ She didnt watch the soccer game yesterday. （改为被动语态） The soccer game _ _ by her yesterday.,3.Where did they grow vegetables？（改为被动语态） Where _ vegetables _ ？ 4.Our school wont hold the sports meeting in the gym. （改为被动语态） The sports meeting_ _ _ by ou

16、r school in the gym.,必背！,动词短语的被动语态,take care of be taken care of,cut down be cut down,laugh at be laughed at,look after be looked after,注意:,约翰打开了收音机。,John turned on the radio.,The radio was turned on.,奶奶照看我姐姐。,Grandma takes care of my sister.,My sister is taken care of by Grandma.,注：千万不要遗漏介词或副词。,We

17、must speak to old people politely.,Old people must be spoken to politely.,四几种值得注意的被动语态变化,带复合宾语的被动语态结构,（）make sb. do sth. sb. be made to do sth.,Mr Green made Jim do his homework at home.,Jim was made to do his homework by Mr Green at home.,watch let have hear see notice,We often hear them sing this

18、song.,They are often heard to sing this song (by us).,(2) see sb. doing sth. sb. be seen doing sth.,I saw him playing football at that moment.,He was seen playing football at that moment.,hear / watch /.,2.有些动词带有两个宾语，即直接宾语和间接宾语，变被动语态时，可把其中一个宾语变成主语，另一个留在被动结构谓语后面。需要注意的是：若把直接宾语变成被动语态的主语，需要在间接宾语之间加上介词“t

19、o”。 eg. He often tells us interesting stories . （主动语态） (被动语态),Bob sent Kate a letter last year.,=Kate was sent a letter by Bob last year.,=A letter was sent to Kate by Bob last year.,tell ask bring write give teach pass lend,to,He told Jim a story.,1).Her mother gave her a new pen（变被动语态） A new pen _

20、 _ _ her by her mother She _ _ a new pen by her mother. 2). The girl has passed the teacher her homework. The homework _ _ _ _ the teacher by the girl. The teacher _ _ _her home work by the girl.,Mum made me a new dress.,I was made a new dress by Mum. A new dress was made for me by Mum.,make buy dra

21、w,for,I bought my brother a book.,1). 不及物动词没有被动语态。,如：belong, happen, take place, last, come true, remain, succeed, fall, die, arrive, 等。,* Great changes have taken place in this city.,* That bike doesnt belong to Mike.,不用被动语态的几种情况：,They said that he would come back soon.,It was said that he would co

22、me back soon.,类似的还有：It is reported / believed / hoped / supposed that .,We report,不用被动语态的几种情况：,2) 表示静态的及物动词不用被动语态,have / fit,I have a TV set.,The coat fits me well.,3）祈使句一般没有被动语态。 【正】Look at the blackboard，please 【误】The blackboard is looked at by you,不用被动语态的几种情况：,4.系动词没有被动态和进行时态,这鱼味道很好。,这条围巾摸上去很软。,T

23、he fish tastes good.,The scarf feels soft.,5.反身代词在句中作宾语时，不能用被动语态。例如： 【正】You must look after yourself 【误】Yourself must be looked after,4.某些动词形式是主动，但含有被动的意思。,这书很好卖。,这种布很好洗。,The book sells well.,This kind of cloth washes very well.,这书卖完了。,The book is sold out.,这块表需要修理一下。,The watch needs mending .,=The

24、watch needs to be mended.,=We need to mend the watch.,want,The book is worth reading.,The bridge _ in three weeks. (finish),You can go out if your homework _(do),will be finished,is done,This is one of the things that _(see) that day.,were seen,When was PRC _(found)?,was seen,This is the only one of the things that _(see) that day.,founded,You should get your shoes _(wash),washed,1.The bear _ to the zoo tomorrow morning. A