高考英语 非谓语动词讲解简易课件 新人教版.ppt

1、非谓语动词 the exciting news/ the excited people,体会下列各句,Being a student, he is interested in books. Having studied in the university for 3 years, he knows the place very well. The question being discussed is important. Having been criticized by the teacher, Li Ming gave up smoking. Not having found the w

2、allet, he dared not go home. Not daring to speak, they sat there silent. He escaped, not seen by anyone.,a moving story exciting news frightening voice a moved student an excited boy a frightened voice,这类表示感觉的及物动词，其现在分词表示主动，即“令人有某种感觉”，过去分词表示被动，即“人被引起某种感觉”,The girl let out a frightened cry at the sig

3、ht of the snake. (The girl was frightened.) His frightening shout scared the boys away. (The shout was frightening and the boys felt frightened.),分词的否定：not+ 分词,吓人的声音 受惊吓的声音,3.分词的作用,分词在句中起形容词和副词的作用，可作定语、表语、宾语补足语和状语。,1) 作定语,单个分词作定语常放在被修饰词前面，分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面。,Are there any living things on the moon? I

4、 bought some painted chairs. Do you know the man sitting there? Everybody attended the meeting held last week.,2）作表语,The story is very interesting. Our classroom is crowded.,3)作宾语补足语,We saw him climbing a tree. Im sorry to have kept you waiting. We mustnt leave the work half done.,注意：现在分词作宾补与不定式作宾补的

5、区别 I saw him go upstairs. I saw him going upstairs.,4) 作状语,分词可作时间、原因、方式、结果和伴随状语,Hearing the noise, I turned round =,When I heard the noise, I .,Having brought her father back to England, Lucie helped him to get there. =,After she had brought her father.,Being League members, we are ready to help oth

6、ers.=,Since we are.,Being determined to rescue his friend, Charles set off for France.,He came running back to tell the news.,方式,The child fell striking his head against the door.,结果,The teacher came into the classroom following the students. The teacher came into the classroom followed by the stude

7、nts.,伴随,二、动名词,动名词和现在分词一样也是由动词+ing 构成，在句中起名词的作用，可作 主语、宾语、表语和定语。否定形式也是not+ 动名词，有四种时态和语态形式，使用时注意如下内容即可。,1. 时态和语态,动名词的一般式表示的动作,发生在谓语动词表示的动作的同时或之后。 They began singing just now. She dreams of becoming a teacher. 动名词的完成式表示的动作，发生在谓语动词表示的动作之前。 He was praised for having done a good deed. She forgot having rea

8、d the novel 有时动名词的一般式可以代替完成式 After working for three hours, he began having a rest.,2.动名词的作用,1）作主语 Reading is important in learning English. Seeing is believing. Its no use explaining such things to little children.,2)作表语,His hobby is collecting stamps. My greatest happiness is serving the people.,3

9、)作宾语 (动词宾语和介词宾语),Please stop writing. The teacher finished checking. She sat there without speaking. I look forward to seeing him again.,4）作定语,Does he work in the reading room? Our teacher uses a very good teaching method.,三、动词不定式,不定式由“to+动词原形”构成， 其否定形式是“not to do ”. 不定式没有人称和数的变化，但有时态和语态的变化。不定式可作主语、

10、宾语、状语、表语、宾语补足语和定语。,1、不定式的时态和语态,1）动词的一般式表示的动作或状态，发生在谓语动词表示的动作或状态的同时或之后。,I believe him to be an expert. I plan to attend the meeting to be held tomorrow. We want to visit an advanced worker.,2）动词不定式的完成式表示动作或状态发生在谓语动词表示的动作和状态之前发生,Im sorry to have kept you waiting. He is believed to have come. The novel

11、 is believed to have been translated.,3) 动词不定式的进行式表示的动作，在谓语动词表示的动作或状态发生时正在进行。,He seems to be worrying about something. They are said to be working hard.,4)被动语态的不定式表示被动含义,The sports meet is to be held next week. The next thing to be done is to get our classroom painted. He is said to have been praise

12、d.,2、不定式主动语态代替被动语态的情况,1) 当不定式与最近的名词或代词有动宾关系，且与另一名词或代词有主谓关系时。,He has nothing to eat. I know what to do. Ill give you a book to read. Would you bring me a bench to sit on? Please lend me a pen to write with.,(He eat nothing.) (I do what.) (You read a book.) (I sit on a bench.) (I write with a pen.),2)

13、 当不定式在“主语+表语（形容词）”结构中作状语，且句中主语是这个不定式的逻辑宾语时, 这时形容词后面常省略for sb,This text is easy to recite. The book is difficult to understand. The washing-machine is too expensive for me to buy.,for sb to recite the text for sb to understand the book,for me to buy the washing machine,3) 当不定式修饰there (here) be 引导的句子中

14、的主语时,There are two tractors to repair. There is nothing for us to fear,4) to let, to blame 等不定式一般只用主动语态,The house is to let. Im to blame.,3、不带to 的不定式,1)不定式在下列动词后面作宾语补足语时，不带to. 记忆顺口溜：半帮助 help, 一感feel，二听 hear, listen to 三使役make, have, let，五看 see, watch, look at, notice, observe, 但在被动语态里，to 不能省略。(所谓半帮助

15、即help后可带也可不带to),I feel my heart beat fast. Nobody saw him come in. They were heard to sing a song. He was made to finish the job himself.,注意五看二听(7个)所带不定式作宾补与分词作宾补的区别 I watch them play the game. I watch them playing the game.,2)某些固定的词组后面不带 to,在词组 would rather, would rather than.; had better, had best

16、, rather than, do more /less than等结构用不带to 的不定试。,Id better leave now, or Ill be late. I know better than to do such a thing.(我不至于蠢到干这种事),3)在 cannot but, cannot choose but, cannot help but , could not but ,could not help but 的后面不带to , 它们的意思都是“只好，只有”,Its raining hard, I cannot help but stay at home. I

17、cannot but admire his courage.,4) 不定式动词在介词but, except, besides后面时，如果这些介词之前有行为动词do 的各种形式（do,does,did），那么这些介词后的不定式就不带to, 否则要带to,What do you like to do besides swim? She could do nothing but cry. I have no choice but to accept the fact.,5) 为了避免重复，不定式可以省去to,Im really puzzled what to think or say?,6)know

18、的现在完成时的否定式，后面一般接不带to 的不定式,I have never known him come late.,7) 在以why引导的疑问句中不带 to,Why worry about it? Why not do it right now?,8)当主语是以动词 say 作谓语的定语从句所修饰的all 时， 作表语的不定式的to可以省略。,All they said is hurry up.,4、不定式的复合结构 for sb to do sth,“for + 名词/ 代词宾格 +不定式 ” 构成不定式的复合结构。 这里的名词/代词宾格是不定式的逻辑主语。这种复合结构在句中可以作各种成

19、分。,It is quite possible for you to catch up them in a short time.(主语) I think it better for you to see the doctor. ( 宾语) What we want is for you to understand the matter clearly. (表语) He is an example for us to follow. (作定语),区分：It is brave of you to do that. It is easy for you to do that.,当下列表示人物特征的

20、形容词同of 后的名词或代词关系密切，有意义上的主表关系时，常与o f 搭配,brave, careful, careless, clever, foolish, good, honest, kind, nice, right, wrong ,rude, stupid, silly, wise, thoughtful, etc,It was very kind of you to come to help me. = You were very kind to come to help me.,下列表示事物性质的形容词同for后的名词或代词关系不密切，没有意义上的主表关系，但与句中的不定式结构

21、关系密切，有意义上的主表关系，常与 for 搭配。,easy, hard, heavy, necessary, impossible, possible, important, difficult, etc.,Its hard for him to get rid of his bad habits . = For him to get rid of his bad habits is hard.,5、不定式在句中的作用,不定式具有副词、形容词、和名词的特征， 因此在句中可作状语、定语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语和主语等成分。,To live is to work. To save time is to lengthen life. Its best to do so His job is to teach English. I learn to speak Japanese. I like you to do it this way. He said he had an important meeting to attend. I came here to see you. We were very excited to hear the news. He hurried to the school to find nobody there. He got u