牛津译林版模块三unit2 Project

1、Unit 2,Unit 2 Language,Project Designing a booklet,To help students to understand the development of Chinese characters and the story of Braille. To help students to learn useful words and phrases To use what you have learnt to prepare a booklet about languages,Can you make out any of these Chinese

2、characters?,贞(会意),今(会意),疾(会意),夕(象形),雨(象形),其(象形),甲骨文,金文,战国文字,小篆,Oracle Bone Inscriptions,Bronze Inscriptions,Lesser Seal Characters,野鹤巢边松最古 仙人掌上雨初晴,江流有声 断岸千尺,小篆,Lesser seal characters,隶书,草书,Official Script,Cursive Script,永和九年，岁在癸丑，暮春之初，会于会稽山阴之兰亭，修禊事也。群贤毕至，少长咸集。此地有崇山峻岭，茂林修竹。又有清流激湍，映带左右，引以为流觞曲水.,王曦之兰亭序

3、,行书,楷书 Formal Script,Running Script,Do the Chinese characters remain the same for thousands of years?,NO!,Chinese characters are always changing!,Question,Read the article on Page 38 and answer the questions.,1. When did the Chinese writing begin? Thousands of years ago. 2. Who first invented Chines

4、e writing? Cang Jie.,3. How was Chinese writing invented? Cang Jie saw the tracts of animals in the snow and he got the idea that he could use different shapes to stand for different objects. 4. When did the Chinese government introduce simplified characters? In the 1950s.,5. What do we call the fir

5、st real Chinese characters ? We call them pictographs, which mean line drawings of physical objects. 6. How many Chinese characters are there in total? 56000. 7. Where were the first Chinese characters written? Tortoise shells or bones.,8. How did the character of mountain develop over time? Can you

6、 give any other examples? The pictograph for a mountain was originally three peaks together. Then this became one peak and three lines and finally turned into the character we use today. There are some other examples such as eye, sun and moon.,仓颉, 汉字的创始人,是古代神话传说中黄帝的史官。据说刻在兽骨和龟甲上的文字也是由他发明的，他被尊为 “造字圣人

7、”。,Cang Jie, who is believed to have invented Chinese characters, worked as an official under the Yellow Emperor in ancient China. It is said that the inscriptions on bones and tortoise shells were also invented by him. He has been taken as a legendary figure in Chinese history and culture.,Characte

8、rs made by combining two or more elements together,The first real Chinese characters,Forms and development of Chinese characters.,Pictographs 象形字,Ideographs 会意字,The form of the characters which are used to indicate directions and numbers,Characters consisting of the semantic (语意的) radical and phonet

9、ic (语音的) radical,Indicatives 指事字,pictophonetic 形声字,Pictograph,A pictograph is a depiction (描绘) of a material object.,Sun,Moon,Mountain,Sheep,Bull,Human,Woman,象形字,Ideographs,composed of two or more existing characters.,A man leans against a tree, which means that he is resting.,会意字,土,sit man rest goo

10、d forest,木,木,木,人,木,人,人,子,田,力,坐,男,休,好,森,女,会意字的练习,Please move the boxes around to make a character to match the English word.,Indicatives or Self-Explanatory Characters,On the top,Beneath,The left symbol means a sword. Put a point on the character “sword”, then it refers to the blade.,上,下,指事字,Indicati

11、ves,指事字,帽、洋、姥、驶、材、枝、钢、侣、铜、洲,Pictophonetic,形声字,The development of Chinese characters,Which do you prefer?,漢字擁有悠久的歷史，它是中國文化的象徵，是中國勞動人民智慧的結晶。 汉字拥有悠久的历史，它是中国文化的象征，是中国劳动人民智慧的结晶。,Chinese simple,Chinese complex,V s.,Read the passage again and divide the passage into several parts, then give the main idea o

12、f each part.,Para 1,Brief introduction of Chinese characters,Para 2 Paras 3-4 Para 5,Form and development of Chinese characters,Simplified Chinese characters,The origins of Chinese characters,Nowadays there are so many borrowed words in our language. Please cite some examples and talk about whether

13、it is necessary for us to use such words.,The story of Braille,Read the article The story of Braille and answer the questions. 1. Who introduced blind people to reading? Louis Braille.,2. At Brailles time, what were the books for blind people like? Were they convenient for use? Books for blind peopl

14、e used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters. They were too heavy and not convenient for use at all.,3. What did the soldier do for students when he visited the school? He showed the students a system for passing messages at night during times for battle.,4. What contributions did Louis B

15、raille make for blind people? His system allows blind people to read and write. It enables them to discover the world around them through they cannot see.,Where can you see Braille in our daily life?,bus stop,elevator,underground,street,menu,Read the texts carefully again and choose the best answer.

16、,1. Cang Jie got the idea of using shapes to represent different objects after _. A. looking at some drawings B. observing different animals C. seeing animals tracks in the snow D. viewing three mountains together,2. How did the students feel about the soldiers system for passing messages? A. Useful

17、. B. Impractical. C. Boring. D. Satisfying,Read the text (P39) carefully and fill in each blank with one word or phrase. 1. Louis Braille lost his eyesight at three _ an injury. 2. The weight of books for blind people was too _ to be inconvenient for use.,because of / due to,heavy,3. A system for pa

18、ssing messages at night during times of battle _ young Louis Braille to create a system called “Braille”, which is still used today by blind people around the world. 4. With the fingers the blind can easily _ Braille and a special typewriter can also help them to _.,encouraged /inspired,recognize,wr

19、ite,The story of Braille,Books for blind people used paper pressed against metal wire to form letters.,1821, a soldier showed them a system used paper with small, raised dots that could be felt with the fingers.,Louis Braille created a system with patterns of six raised dots representing each letter

20、.,1. The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds. 汉语与西方语言不同，区别在于它不使用字 母，而是用汉字表示思想、物体和行为。 differ vi. 相异，相区别 differ from 和不同，不同于,e.g. China _the USA in politics and culture. = China _the USA in politics

21、 and culture. 中国和美国在政体和文化方面有很大 的不同。,differs greatly from,is very different from,stand for 忍受，容忍；代表，象征，拥护 e.g. UN _the United Nations. UN是联合国的缩写。 John always _what is right. 约翰一贯支持正确的事情。,stands for,stands for,【即学即练】 写出划线部分的释义。 (1) We stand for the idea that all nations, big or small, are equal. _ (2)

22、 The letters “VR” stand for “Virtual Reality”. _ (3) The teacher will not stand for talking loudly in the library. _,主张,代表,容忍,2. Then he had the idea that he could use different shapes to represent different objects. 于是他想到可以用不同的形状来代表 不同物体。 represent vt. 代表，展示 e.g. His opinion _that of the majority.

23、他代表了大多数人的观点。,represents,The painting _ the scene of a bumper harvest. 这幅画描绘了丰收的景象。,represents,3. Some characters have been simplified and others have been made more difficult over time. 一些汉字被简化了，而另一些则变得更加复 杂。 simplify vt. 简化 e.g. Try to _ your explanation for the children. 试着简化你对孩子们所作的解释。,simplify,F

24、or beginners, they can improve their reading skill by reading the _ versions of some masterpieces. 对于初学者，读些名著 (masterpieces) 的简写本可以提高他们的阅读能力。,simplified,4. However, as a whole, the characters have developed from drawings into standard forms. 不过总的来说，汉字从图画发展成了标准 形式。 as a whole 总的来说，总体上 e.g. _, it is v

25、ery hot in Nanjing during the summer. 总的说来，南京的夏天相当热。,As a whole,5. Sometimes to express ideas, some characters were made by combining two or more characters together. 有时为了表达概念，某些汉字由两个或多个 汉字组合而成。 combine vt./vi. 组合；(使)联合 e.g. The two countries _together against their enemy. 这两个国家联合起来对抗他们的敌人。,combined

26、,The two old schools _to form one big new school. 这两个旧学校将合并为一个新的大学。 _ Chinese traditional medicine with Western medicine. 把中国传统医学和西方医学结合起来。,are to combine,Combine,6. Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced.

27、虽然这几种类型的汉字能够表意，但是它们 的缺点之一是其字形不具有表音的功能。 indicate vt. 显示，暗示，象征,e.g. The sign at the entrance _ that there are bears in the mountains, so visitors should be careful. 入口处的指示牌标明山中有熊，所以 游客需要当心。,indicates,Researches _ that the wide use of computers has changed the way of life of many young people. 研究表明，电脑的

28、广泛使用改变了许多年轻人的生活方式。,indicate,1. The Chinese language differs from Western languages in that, instead of an alphabet, it uses characters which stand for ideas, objects or deeds.,难句解析,这是一个 _，主句为The Chinese language differs from Western languages。that引导一个_，作in的_，其中含有一个定语从句which stand for ideas，objects o

29、r deeds，修饰先行词characters。,主从复合句,名词性从句,宾语,2. Though these kinds of characters indicate meanings, one of their shortcomings is that they do not show how they should be pronounced.,句首though 引导_从句，主句that 引导一个表语从句，该表语从句中show后接一个由how引导的_从句。,让步定语,宾语,3. His system used paper with small, raised dots that coul

30、d be felt with the fingers.,句中that 引导一个_从句，修饰先行词dots。动词feel在这里的含义是“（用手、足等）摸索” e.g. John felt in his bag for the key, but it was nowhere to be found. 约翰在袋子里摸来摸去去找钥匙，但 哪儿也找不到。,定语,4. While the students found the soldiers idea interesting, the system was too difficult to be of practical use.,本句是_，其中whil

31、e的意思是“虽然”，引导一个_从句。句尾 of practical use 意为“实用的”。一般来说，“of + 抽象名词” 相当于_，常用作_，意为“具有，拥有”。,主从复合句,让步状语,形容词,表语,e.g. Todays meeting will be of great importance. 今天的会议将很重要。 Your advice is of great value to me. 你的建议对我很有价值。,Project Designing a booklet,Planning,Preparing,Producing,Presenting,Planning,Work in smal

32、l groups and discuss and choose what characters the group would like to research. Discuss the layout of the booklet. Divide the work each group member will do. Collect the information needed.,Preparing,Look for information as many sources as you can find. Tips (organizing information),1. Introductio

33、n 2. Method 3. Findings 4. Conclusion,Producing,Everyone writes a section of the booklet. Then put what has been written together. Add photos or illustrations where necessary. Proofread the draft to correct mistakes if there are any. New ideas can be added. Now the booklet is finished.,Presenting,Present the booklet to the whole class by taking turns to talk about each section of their booklet.,I. Complete the following sentences according to the initials or Chinese. 1. We are still looking for someo