动词与介词的固定搭配.ppt

1、,Unit 16 Grammar Vocabulary,Grammar Language Focus P269 动词与介词的固定搭配 (详见例子) 本课介绍一种形式：动词 sb. 介词 sth.,Language Focus P270 表达因果关系 本课介绍两种形式： 1) 介词短语：due to， because of 2) 动词短语：lead to， cause/be caused by 1） 介词短语：due to， because of 代词/名词/动名词/从句 due to 表示 “因为；由引起；由于”，be due to 作表语，due to作状语 Her illness was

2、due to bad food. 她的病是坏了的食物造成的。 He had an accident due to driving at high speed. 他由于高速开车而引起了交通事故。,because of 表示 “因为”, be because of作表语，because of作状语 He eats because of greed, not hunger. 他不是因为饿了,而是因为贪嘴才吃的。 His absence from the meeting is because of his illness. 他没有出席会议是因为他病了。,2） 动词短语：lead to， cause/b

3、e caused by 代词/名词/动名词/从句+lead to 表示 “导致，引起”（主动语态） His remark led to further discussion. 他的一番话引出进一步的讨论。 The new policies led to disaster. 这些新政策导致了灾难。,cause/be caused by 表示 “引起, 惹起, 使(发生)”（主动/被动语态） The wound isnt serious, but may cause some discomfort. 伤口并不严重,但可能会引起一些不舒适。 What caused his failure? 什么使得

4、他失败了? The flood was caused by the heavy rain. 大雨引起了洪水。 The damage was caused by fire. 损失是由火灾造成的。,Language Focus P275 情态动词表示劝告 概念：提出建议或给予劝告 形式：must，should，ought to 动词原形 must “必须, 应当, 一定, 肯定”，语气直接，强硬 I must shut the door, or the rain will come in. 我必须把门关上，不然雨就进来了。 Soldiers must obey orders. 军人必须服从命令。

5、We must keep our word. 我们必须遵守诺言。 You must not do it. 你不可以做那件事。 We must tell him. 我们必须告诉他。,should 否定式缩略为 shouldnt表示 “应该”， 语气较温和，也可表示强硬 Children should obey their parents. 儿童应该服从他们的父母。 You should send her a note. 你应该给她留一个条。 They should arrive at noon. 她应该在中午到达。,ought to 否定式为 ought not to 表示 “应该，应当”， 用

6、法与should 较接近 You ought to work harder. 你应该更努力工作。 You ought to wear a raincoat. 你应该穿件雨衣。 You ought to see the picture. 这部影片你去看看才好。 One ought not to cross the street against the red light, 人们不该在红灯时过马路。,Vocabulary Activity 2 P267 guilty (of) adj. Responsible for a reprehensible act; deserving of blame有

7、罪的, 应受到谴责的 He is guilty of a crime. He is guilty of cheating. 他犯了罪, 犯诈骗罪。 Did you notice his guilty looks？ 你注意到他做贼心虚的表情了吗？,convict vt. to find or prove (someone) guilty of an offense or crime, especially by the verdict of a court（常与of连用）证明有罪；宣判有罪 The jury convicted the defendant of manslaughter. 陪审团

8、判定被告犯有杀人罪 He was convicted of murder. 他被判犯有谋杀罪。,pretend（to do/that -） v.tr. to represent fictitiously in play; make believe 伪装；假装，使相信： He pretended not to know the facts. 他佯装不知实情。 He pretended to be reading an important paper when the boss entered. 老板进来时他假装在看一份重要的文件。 He pretended (that) he was ill s

9、o that he could stay at home. 他假装病了以便能待在家里。 Lets pretend (that) were on the spaceship orbiting round the earth! 让我们假装是在沿轨道绕地球运转的宇宙飞船上!,commit v.tr. to do, perform, or perpetrate: 犯（错误、罪）；做（坏事）；作（奸）； 犯（法） A robbery was committed last night. 昨晚发生了一起盗窃案。 He committed a murder. 他犯了谋杀罪。 If you commit a c

10、rime you can never escape being punished. 你要是犯罪,就逃脱不了要受惩罚。,send v. to cause to be conveyed by an intermediary to a destination: 使被运送到目的地 It is now being sent to his home by train. 现在正用火车把它运往他家。 The judge sent the criminal to prison. 法官判罪犯入狱。,强调句型：“It +is /was+ 被强调成分+ that (who)+ 从句”中，被强调部分提前。 It was

11、 she who had been wrong. 是她错了。 It was John and his brother that we met in the park last week. 上星期我们在公园遇见的是约翰和他的兄弟。 It was in your room that I left my bag. 是在你的房间里我放下了我的包。 It was not until last night that I noticed this matter. 直到昨晚我才注意到这件事。,sentence (to) v. to pronounce sentence upon (one adjudged g

12、uilty). 判决，对（被判定有罪的人）宣布判决 He was sentenced to death. 他被判处死刑。 The judge sentenced him to five years in the prison for theft. 法官判处他盗窃罪入狱五年。,Activity 10 P274 avoid (sth./doing) v. to keep from happening防止发生 I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. 我横穿马路以便避开他

13、,但他看到了我并朝我跑过来。 To avoid confusion, the teams wore different colors. 为避免混淆,两队分穿不同颜色的衣服。 o avoid the city center, we may turn right here and take the belt highway. 从这里往右拐走环行道可以避开闹市中心。,wake up v. to cease to sleep; become awake 醒来 Do you wake up feeling tired? 你早晨醒来时感到疲倦吗? I tried to wake up my wife by

14、 ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep. 我按了门铃想唤醒我的妻子,但是她睡得很死。,switch (on/off) v. to cause (an electric current or appliance) to begin or cease operation:开启, 使（电流或电器）开始或停止运作 Dont switch the TV on and off. 别打开电视又关上。 Switch the light on/off, please. 请开关电灯。,on ones own 独自；靠自己 She lives on her own. 她一个人过。 She got the job on her own. 她自己找到了这份工作 Traveling on my own, I can decide when to start on my way and where to linger a little longer. 我独自去旅游,我可以决定什么时候出发上路,