有机合成专业英语0.ppt

1、Organic synthesis,The aims of this course 1 Get familiar with chemistry English 2 solidify your organic synthesis skill,Chemists for Hire: Have Flask, Will Travel,The components of your final score,1.experiment (30%) 2 homework(20%) 3 final term examination(50%),The experiments for your choices,饲料添加

2、剂喹乙醇的合成 2-氯三乙胺的合成,IUPAC nomenclature,Prefix-parent-suffix Prefix :Where are the substituents parent :How many carbons suffix :What family,2-chloro-5-methylhexanal,Straight-chain alkane,Methane,Ethane,Propane,butane,pentane,hexane,heptane,octane,nonane,decane,Branched-chain alkanes,1.Find and name th

3、e longest carbon chain stem 2. Identify substituents 3. Number longest carbon chain to give lowest numbering for substituents,4. Allocate a number to every substituent 5. List substituents in alphabetical order Identical side chains are indicated by using prefixes: di (2), tri (3), tetra (4) etc,Con

4、sider the following heptane compound:,1.parent: Pentane,2. substituents; Methyl,3. 2,3 = position,Name: 2,3-dimethylpentane,Alkyl group,Primary伯 (the C joined to only one other carbon) Secondary 仲 (to two other Cs, as in the sec-butyl group) Tertiary叔 (as in the tert-butyl group) Quarternary季 .,Norm

5、al正 hydrocarbons (unbranched): n-hexane or hexane Iso异 isopropyl Cyclo(环）propyl,Exercise Write the structural formula for each of the following compounds: 1. 2-methylbutane 2. 2-chloropentane 3. isobutane (common name ) 4. 2,2,4-trimethylpentane,Alkenes（烯烃） (CnH2n),1. - ene suffix for alkenes 2. Mai

6、n chain must include the double bond. 3. position of double bond indicated by prefix numbering location. 2-methyl-1,3,5-heptatriene,More on Alkenes,Geometric Isomers （几何异构体） Cant rotate the double bond which makes Geometric isomers. Cis-2-butene trans-2-butene (Z)-2-butene (E)-2-butene,Common system

7、 of alkene,The ane ending of the saturated hydrocarbon name is replaced by ylene for the alkene . ethylene 乙基烯 (ethene), propylene (propene),The common names of two unsaturated groups,Alkyne (CnH2n-2),1. - yne suffix for alkynes 2. Nomenclature rules are similar to that of alkenes 3-ethyl-4-methyl-1

8、-hexyne,common system for alkyne,The ane ending of the saturated hydrocarbon name is replaced by acetylene acetylene乙炔(ethyne) methylacetylene (propyne) vinylacetylene(1-buten-3-yne).,Aromatic hydrocarbons,1. Monosubstited benzene “benzene” as a suffix . the added groups are referred to as substitue

9、nts,nitrobenzene,ethylbenzene,bromobenzene,2.Disubstituted benzene,The three possibilities are designated as ortho (abbreviated o-), meta ( m-), and para (p-),Common derivatives,3. Three or more substituted groups,Requires lowest position scheme Numbers are always used to locate the substituents,2-c

10、hloro-1,4-dinitrobenzene,Two aromatic groups,Phenyl,benzyl,Name the following compound,3-phenyloctane,Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons,Numbers are assigned by convention to carbon atoms,1,4-dimethylnaphthalene.,3. nomenclature for functional groups,halo(-X) hydroxyl (-OH) alkoxy (-OR) formyl (-CHO)

11、carbonyl or keto or oxo (-CO-) amino RnNH3-n,carboxyl (-COOH) amide(-CONH2) carbonyl halide (-COX) anhydride (-COOCOR) ester (-COOR) nitro (-NO2) sulfonic acid (-SO3H) cyano (-CN; nitrile RCN).,Named in the same way as alkane,2-bromo-3-chlorobutane,Alkyl or aryl halides (RX or ArX),Alcohols( R-OH),p

12、refix + ending -ol,ethanol,1,2-ethanediol,1,2,3-propanetriol (glycerol),Ethers,1.Substitutive way :name as alkoxy derivatives of alkanes,methoxyethane,ethoxyethane,2.Functional Class way,1) The groups attached to oxygen listed in alphabetical order 2)ether as the last word,diethyl ether,ethyl methyl

13、 ether,Sulfides,1.Substitutive way : as alkylthio derivatives of alkanes,methylthioethane,ethylthioethane,2.Functional Class way,Analogous to ethers： replace “ether” by “sulfide.”,Ethyl methyl sulfide,diethyl sulfide,Amine Compound,Naming as amine,methanamine,N-methylethanamine,Alkanals and alkanone

14、s,Propanal,3-pentanone,Naming of alkanals and alkanones prefix + ending al, one repectively,Carboxylic Acid,heptanoic acid,Naming Carboxylic Acid prefix + ending oic acid,acyl group and add the word chloride, fluoride, bromide, or iodide as appropriate.,Acyl Halides,butanoyl chloride,acyl groups(-oic) +anhydride,Acid Anhydrides,benzoic anhydride,benzoic heptanoic anhydride,name as alkyl + alkanoates,Acid Esters,ethyl acetate,methyl propanoate,replace the -ic acid or -oic acid ending by -amide,Amides,3-me