必修6 unite1-2语法虚拟语气.ppt

1、虚 拟 语 气 the Subjunctive Mood,虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式. 一是用来表示说话人所说的话不是一个事实，而是一种假设、猜测、怀疑等； 一是表示说话人的愿望、要求、命令、建议等,Definition,Recall,Subjunctive Mood(虚拟语气）,虚拟语气,Types,If 型,Should + V 型,类似 If 型,过去式 (were),had done,would/could/should/might +V. (原),would/could/should/might +have done,1.过去式 2. should+ V.(原) 3. were t

2、o do,would/could/should/might +V. (原),虚拟语气,1. If 型,虚拟语气,例句 If you had come a few minutes earlier, you would have met him. 要是你早来几分钟的话，你就能见到他了。(与过去事实相反) 2. If it were sunny tomorrow, I would come to see you. 明天要是天气好的话，我来看你。(与将来事实可能相反) 3. If I were you, I would go at once. 假如我是你的话，我会马上走。(与现在事实相反，事实上我不可

3、能是你),If 型,1.The rice _ if you had been more careful. A. would not be burning B. would not burn C. would not have burnt D. would not burnt 2.If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been ; would have prevented B. had been ; would prevent C. were ; would prevent D. were ; would ha

4、ve prevented 3.I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _ she would have met my brother. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 4._ for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they have not 5.You didnt let me d

5、rive. If we _ in turn, you _ so tired. A. drove ; didnt get B. drove ; wouldnt get C. were driving ; wouldnt get D. had driven ; wouldnt have got,高考链接,6.If she had worked harder, she _. A. would succeed B. had succeeded C. should succeed D. would have succeed 7. If he _, he _ that food. Luckily he w

6、as sent to the hospital immediately. A. was warned ; would not take B. had been warned ; would not have taken C. would be warned ; had not taken D. would have been warned ; had not taken 8.If it _ tomorrow, they would not go there by bike. A. will rain B. rains C. would rain D. should rain 9._ it ra

7、in tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yangpu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 10.If I _ you, I would not do it. A. am B. were C. shall be D. being,虚拟语气,If型特例1：混杂条件句：,定义：从句与主句的动作发生的时间不同,If they had studied hard, they could do it easily now.,与过去相反,与现在相反,各自为准,. If the flower

8、had been watered, it _ now. A. wouldnt die B. is dead C. had been dead D. will not die,虚拟语气,If型特例2：省略 if 的条件从句：,用法：从句中有 were, had 或 should 时， 省略if ，而把它们放在句首。,3. If you had not helped me，I should have failed.,2. If he should fail in the experiment this time, he would try again.,1. If I were you, I wo

9、uld not do that.,Were I you, I would not do that.,Should he failed in the experiment this time, he would try again.,Had you not helped me, I should have failed.,在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句及主语从句中,2. Should + V 型,虚拟语气,句型 it is necessary/strange/that +从句,三个建议,四个要求,insist,order, command,advise, suggest, propose,de

10、mand, require, request, ask,其后的宾语从句及以其同根名词引导的主语，表语，同位语从句中。,虚拟语气,Should +v 型,两个命令,一个坚持,1.在宾语从句，表语从句，同位语从句，主语从句中。 这种用法的词有：,Translation,他建议我们早点回家。 He suggested that we (should) go home earlier. It was suggested that we (should) go home earlier. His suggestion was that we (should) go home earlier. He ma

11、de an suggestion that we (should) go home earlier.,虚拟语气,宾语从句,主语从句,表语从句,同位语从句,TIPS,T. or F. You pale face suggests that you (should) be ill. Your pale face suggests that you are ill. I insisted that you ( should) be wrong. I insisted that you were wrong.,insist / suggest 各有两种意思，要用不同的语气 Insist 表示“坚决要求

12、”时，用虚拟形式，即 should + do; Insist 表示“坚持认为，坚持说”时，用陈述语气，表示事实。 Suggest 表示“建议”时，用虚拟形式。 Suggest 表示“表明、暗示”时，用陈述语气。,F,T,F,T,虚拟语气,虚拟语气,类似用法的词有：necessary，strange，natural，desired， a pity, a shame, no wonder 。,Should + V 型,2. It is important (necessary, strange,) that .,1.I insist that a doctor _ immediately. A.

13、has been sent for B. sends for C. will be sent for D. be sent for 2.It is suggested that the job _ done in another way. A. was B. was to be C. be D. must be 3.He had an idea that we _ by bike. A. shall go B. go C. went D. would go 4.My suggestion is that the meeting _ off till tomorrow. A. to put B.

14、 be put C. should put D. be putting,高考链接,5.The young man insisted that he _ nothing wrong and _ free. A. did ; set B. had done ; should be set C. do ; be set D. does ; would be set 6.It is necessary that you _ present at the discussion. A. will be B. are C. should be D. would be 7.The boss gave orde

15、rs that the work _ at once. A. will be started B. must be started C. be started D. should start 8.The guard there insisted that everybody _ the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey,Wish / As if (though),3.类似 if 型,虚拟语气,Would rather/ If only,But for +n/ Without +n,Its (high) time +that,W

16、ish/ As if / （though） +从句,现在: 过去时（were） 过去: 过去完成时(had done) 未来: would/could/might +V.(原),类似 if 型（1）,虚拟语气,例句 1. I wish I were 30 years younger. 2. I wish (that) you would get a good job. 3. He wished he hadnt done it. 4. He treats the little girl as if she were he own daughter. 他想要是他没这样做该多好。,类似 if 型,

17、wish + 宾语从句,as if /though + 从句,He looks as if he were drunk.,They talked as if they had been friends for years.,She loves the baby as if it were her own son. It seems as if it were spring. I remember the whole thing as if it had happened yesterday.,would Rather + that （从句） 宁愿。,If only + 要是。,过去时,过去完成

18、时,现在,过去,过去时,过去完成时,现在/将来,过去,类似 if 型（2）,虚拟语气,would rather that -,现在： 过去： 未来：,I would rather you paid me now.,I would rather you had gone, too.,Dont come. I would rather you came tomorrow.,过去时,过去时,had done,If only (要是就好了) If only I knew his name! If only we had followed your advice! If only I could see

19、 him again!,要是我们的父母能和我们住在一起就好了。 要是我没错过火车就好了！,If only our parents could live with us!,If only I hadnt missed the train!,1.I wish I _ you yesterday. A. seen B. did see C. had seen D. were to see 2.When a pencil is partly in a glass of water, it looks as if it _. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken

20、D. had been broken 3.Id rather that you _ there yesterday and _ again next weekend. A. went ; should come B. should go ; had come C. had gone ; came D. go ; come 4.The two strangers talked as if they _ friends for years. A. should be B. would be C. have been D. had been 5. I blamed her yesterday. I

21、would rather you _ that. A. didnt do B. hadnt done C. wouldnt do D. shouldnt do 6. He is a very brave man. Yes. I wish I _ his courage. A. have B. had C. will have D. would have,高考链接,Its (high) time +that,过去时(were)/ Should(不省) +V.,你该走了。,Its high time that you went. Its high time that you should go.,

22、我们该去睡觉了。,Its time that we went to bed. Its time that we should go to bed.,类似 if 型（3）,1.It is high time you _ the bus. A. had caught B. caught C. will catch D. catch 2.Its about time he _ to do the work. A. begins B. will begin C. begin D. began 3. Its high time that we _ to school. A. would go B. we

23、nt C. go D. will go 4.It is time we _ up our results. A. sum B. summed C. will sum D. would sum,高考链接,类似 if 型（4）,虚拟语气,but for +n(要不是), without +n, otherwise(否则)， in that case，,一些短语相当于虚拟条件从句（if）, 其后的句子与虚拟条件主句用法一致。,+句子,would/could/should/might +V. (原),would/could/should/might +have done,现在/将来,过去,1. But

24、 for your help, we (make) such rapid progress.,没有你的帮助，我们是不会取得这么快的进展的。,would not have made,虚拟语气,类似 if 型,2. Without air, there _ (be) no living things. 如果没有空气，就不会有生物,would be,3. Thanks to the brave young man, otherwise, the boy _(die).,would have died,Subjective mood,If 型 Should +v型 类似if型,。 。 。,混杂条件句(

25、各自为准) Were, had ,should提前，省略if,1. 一个坚持，两个命令， 三个建议，四个要求。,2. It is（necessary，strange）+that,wish/as if Would rather/ if only It is (high) time that But for/otherwise/ without/in that case,1.过去式 2.过去完成 3.could、would、might +v,1.过去式 2.过去完成,Should（不省） +v/ 过去式,1.Would,could,should,might+v,2.would,could,shou

26、ld,might +have done,insist suggest,自我检验 虚拟语气历年高考,1. When a stick is partly in a glass of water, it looks as though it_. A. breaks B. has broken C. were broken D. had been broken 2. “Are you going to the ball tonight?” “Its too late now. How I wish about it earlier!” A. Ill know B. Ive known C. I kno

27、w D. Id known 3. The guard of the meeting insisted that everybody the rules. A. obeys B. obey C. will obey D. would obey 4. “Jacks been ill for some weeks.” “I know. I wish see a doctor.” A. he should B. he can C. hell D. he could 5. “You should have gone to the cinema with us yesterday. The film wa

28、s very good.” “I wish I yesterday off. Id have gone with you.” A. have had B. had C. have D. had had 6. It is time that we this practice. A. stop B. stopped C. will stop D. have stopped 7. I wish I as healthy as my cousin. A. were B. am C. was D. will be 8. The two strangers talked as if they friend

29、s for years. A. have been B. are C. were D. had been,C,D,B,D,D,B,A,D,9. If it for the heavy rain, we the Mount Emei yesterday. A. were not; could have climbed B. were not; could climb C. had not been; could have climbed D. had not been; could climb 10. Without electricity, human life so easy today.

30、A. isnt B. will not be C. would not have been D. would not be 11. “If Mr. Black , he that food.” “Luckily he was sent to the hospital immediately.” A. was warned; would not take B. had been warned; would not have taken C. would be warned; had not taken D. would have been warned; had not taken 12. I

31、didnt see Mr. White at the meeting. If he , he would have given a lecture. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 13. Without the air to hold some of the suns heat, the earth at night , too cold for us to live. A. would be freezing cold B. would be frozen cold C. would be freezing coldly D. can

32、 freeze coldly,C,D,B,D,A,14. for the free tickets, I would not have gone to the films so often. A. If it is not B. Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they not 15. You didnt accept my help. If we it together, you so tired. A. did; didnt B. do; wouldnt get C. were doing; wouldnt D. had done; wouldnt

33、 have got 16. “What would you wish to do if you were given another chance to go to college?” “Thats not easy to say, but I wish I when I was a college student.” A. have not studied biology B. did study biology C. had studied biology D. studied biology 17. I wish I _ longer this morning, but I had to

34、 get up and come to class. A. had slept B. slept C. might have slept D. have slept 18. It was playing computer games that cost the boy plenty of time that he _ doing his lessons. A. might have spent B. must have spent C. should have spent D. could have spent,C,D,C,A,C,19. Alan _ the party if he had

35、gone to London. A. would have missed B. had missed C. would miss D. missed 20. Good morning, sir. I expected you yesterday. I _ if it _ fine. A. would come; were B. would have come; had been C. will come; is D. would come; was 21. If all places_ alike, there would be little need for geographers. A.

36、being B. are C. be D. were 22. Everything _ if Albert hadnt called the fire brigade. A. will be destroyed B. will have been destroyed C. would be destroyed D. would have been destroyed 23. The insects would eat up all our crops, if _ for the protection we get from insect-eating animals. A. it is not

37、 B. it were not C. were it not D. they were not 24. If I _ in the twenty-second century, I _ my vacation in a very different way. A. should live; would spend B. will live; should spend C.are living;should have spent D. will be living; would have spent,A,B,D,D,B,A,25. _, we could not have finished th

38、e work on time. A. If they do not help us B. Was it not for their help C. should they offer to help us D. But for their help 26. If we had been more careful, we _ much better results now. A. got B. had got C. would be getting D. would have got 27. You didnt let me drive. If we _ in turn, you _ so ti

39、red. A. drove; didnt get B. drove; wouldnt get C. were driving; wouldnt get D. had driven; wouldnt have got 28. I didnt see your sister at the meeting. If she _, she would have met my friends. A. has come B. did come C. came D. had come 29._I you, I wouldnt spend so much money on clothing. A. Could

40、B. were C. Had D. Should 30. _ it rain tomorrow, we would have to put off the visit to the Yang Pu Bridge. A. Were B. Should C. Would D. Will 31. What would have happened, _ to the river bank? A. Bob had walked farther B. if Bob should walked farther C. had Bob walked farther D. if Bob walked farthe

41、r,D,C,D,D,B,B,C,32. If there were not subjunctive mood, English _ much easier. A. will be B. would have been C. could have been D. would be 33. _ fine tomorrow, we would go to see the wedding suit for her. A. If it will be B. If we have C. Should it be D. If it would be 34. _ to do the work, I shoul

42、d do it some other way. A. If were I B. I were C. Were I D. Was I 35. If my lawyer _ here last Saturday, he _ me from going. A. had been; would have prevented B. had been; would prevent C. were; would prevent D. were; would have prevented 36. The new airport _ if they had not stopped working on it.

43、A. would complete B. had been completed C. had completed D. would have been completed 37. _ five minutes earlier, I _ the train. A. If I left; would have caught B. Had I left; would have caught C. I had left; would have caught D. Do I leave; will catch,D,C,C,A,D,B,38. _ the captain, the ship would have sunk. A. If it has been for B. If it has not been for C. Had it been for D. Had it not been for 39. Without careful treatment, the wounded_ well so quickly. A. wouldnt have been B. wont be C. hadnt been D. werent 40. Without your help, I _ the work ahead of time. A. could not have finished