动词的形式和时态.ppt

1、,动词的形式 Verb Forms,Contents,Lead-in,Verbs are the core of English sentences. As an important word class, verbs are examined frequently in almost all kinds of English tests. Now, lets see how they are examined in Practical English Test for Colleges, Band A (PRETCO-A),Motivations of change of Verb form

2、s,There are 6 incomplete sentences here. You should fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in brackets and point out the motivations (动因）of the change of forms where there is a change. e.g. He（be) _a good person. Key: is Motivation: the person of the subject.,1. Doctor Richard, to

3、gether with his wife and children, (be)_to arrive in Beijing this noon. （PRETCO-A, 2003-12) is number 2. Jim told me he (join) _the army two years before. (2003-12) had joined time; aspect 3. If I (be)_ you, I wouldnt miss the job interview tomorrow morning. (2008-12) were mood,4. As a rule, readers

4、 (not allow) _ to take dictionaries out of the reading room.(2005-1) are not allowed voice 5. We surely (find) _ a good solution to the technical problems in the near future. (2005-6) will find time,Basically, there are 6 possible motivations which result in change of verb forms. 1. Person of the su

5、bject (主语的人称） singular（单数） e.g. I am a Chinese student. He was a teacher. Plural（复数） e.g. You have done a good job. We are going to have a party tomorrow. They are good friends.,The present third person singular （现三单） e.g. She is an outstanding writer. It is raining heavily. Mary loves singing very

6、much. 2. Number of the subject （主语的数） Singular（单数） e.g. There is a teapot and four glasses on the table. Plural（复数） e.g. The Johns, as well as their daughter, are going to pay a visit to China.,3. Time Present e.g. Li Ming is sleeping now. Please keep quiet! Past e.g. He bought a car yesterday. Futu

7、re e.g. She will fly to Beijing to attend a national conference next week. 4. Aspect （体） Progressive （进行体）,e.g. Nowadays, more and more people are using cell phones. Perfect（完成体） e.g. He has made great progress since he begin studying English a month ago. 5. Voice （语态） Active（主动） e.g. Professor Smit

8、h gave the class a wonderful speech yesterday. Passive（被动） e.g. He was named president last week.,6. Mood （语气） Subjunctive（虚拟语气） e.g. He made a proposal that we (should) postpone the plan. Imperative (祈使语气） e.g. Go ahead, please. Indicative （陈述语气） e.g. The manager postponed the initial plan. Interro

9、gative (疑问语气） e.g. Have you finished your work?,Summary Therefore, we can categorize change of verb forms into the following 6 types: Person-driven (人称驱动） Number-driven (数驱动） Time-driven (时间驱动） Aspect-driven (体驱动） Voice-driven (语态驱动） Mood-driven (语气驱动）,One point we should pay attention to is that so

10、metimes the change of a verb form may be subject to more than one motivation. So we should analyze the sentence structure very closely.,Forms of Non-predicative Verbs (非谓语动词） Previously, we have talked about change of predicative verb （谓语动词） forms. Now, lets see what change are non-predicative verbs

11、 subject to. There are 8 incomplete sentences here. You should fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in brackets and point out the motivations (动因）of the change of forms where there is a change.,1. (watch) _ by a crowd of people, Charles felt embarrassed and couldnt say a word. (

12、2005-12) Watched voice 2. (fail)_ to find the proper job, he decided to give up job-hunting in the city. (2006-12) Having failed aspect 3.(realize) _ that I wasnt going to get much chance for promotion, I soon become bored with my work. (2008-6) Realizing voice,4. The conference (hold) in Beijing ne

13、xt week is bound to be a great success. (2007-6) to be held voice 5. The bridge (built) _ will relief present transportation pressure greatly. being built aspect 6. I am pleased (give) _ this opportunity. to have been given aspect; voice 7. He was happy (come) _ home. to be coming aspect,8. She is k

14、nown (work on) on the problem these years. to have been working on aspect; voice In summary, change of non-predicative verbs are only subject to aspect and voice. They dont have change of forms of person, number, time and mood.,Predicative verbs VS non-predicative verbs,Verb Tense,Verb tense we usua

15、lly refer to is actually the result of the interaction between motivations of time and aspect. Lets see how they interact.,Verb tense,past,present,future,progressive,progressive,progressive,perfect,perfect,perfect,过去进行时,过去完成时,现在进行时,现在完成时,一般过去时,一般过去时,一般将来时,将来进行时,将来完成时,过去完成进行时,现在完成进行时,将来完成进行时,An intro

16、duction to the tense,Points frequently examined in PRETCO-A,关于动词的形式和时态，在A级考试中经常考察的知识点有： 被动语态 虚拟语气 非谓语动词的形式变化（充当状语、定语） 现在完成时、过去完成时、将来完成时 现在完成进行时,A Guide to Problems about Word Forms,In PRETCO-A, word form questions are frequently used to test contesters ability to construct grammatically correct sent

17、ences. It requires that contesters have solid basic language competence. Unfortunately, the rate of scoring of these test questions are unbelievably low. The following is a suggested procedure for overcoming them.,Step 1 Analyze the structure of the sentence, and find out which sentence constituent

18、is absent. Step 2 According to the result , find out what class the missing words belong to. Step 3 Determine the form of the words. Step 4 Check it see if the completed sentence is grammatical or thematically acceptable. Step 5 Revise it if necessary.,Practice and Assignments,Task 1 There are 10 in

19、complete sentences here. You should fill in the blanks with the proper form of the word given in the brackets. 1. Jim told me he (join) _ the army two years before. （2003-12） had joined 2. Frankly speaking, Id rather you (say)_ noting about it for the time being. （2003-12） said,3. Most students (tak

20、e)_ sixty credits by the time they graduate. (2003-6) will have taken 4. All the members of the club were present when the Chairman (elect)_ last week. (2005-12) was elected 5. It is important that he (call) _ back immediately. (2005-1) be called,6. The tall building (complete) _ last month is our n

21、ew classroom building. (2006-12) completed 7. If he had taken his layers advice, he (save) _ himself a great deal of trouble. (2006-12) would have saved 8. The children (play) _ violin over there will go on the stage next week. (2006-6) playing,9. No one can deny that we (make) _ tremendous progress

22、 in the past twenty years. (2007-6) have made 10. Believe it or not, when first (introduce) _ to Europe, tomato was thought to be poisonous. (2007-12) introduced Task 2 Multiple choice,Practice,Multiple choice 1. Three new buildings on the campus by the end of this year. A. will be built B. are goin

23、g to be built C. will have been built D. have been built 2. I decide to leave the company next month, where I _ for exactly three years. A. work B. is working C. will be working D. have worked,3.The students their papers by the end of this month. A. have finished B. will be finishing C. will have finished D. have been finishing 4. Most of the people who are visiting Britain _ about the food and weather there. A. are always to complain B. have always complained C. always complain D. will always complain,5. Linda feels exhauste