英语作文的课件.ppt

1、ENTER,Composition for CET 4,By Marian Foreign Language Department December 15 2007,概 述,所占分数及比例 ：107分（15%） 考试时间： 30min 注：写作与快速阅读先收， 后答其他部分 据对近10年来四、六级作文体裁的统计，应用文和议论文出现的几率几乎是一半对一半。,CET4-Writing,写作的重要性 6分最低限，只要结构不出错，得分应该为9分(以15分为标准） 。 评判作文: 四级考试作文主要看内容、结构、语言三个方面。 内容不跑题即可，注意：1.不要妄图以情动人；2.不要妄图在构思上出奇制胜。 结

2、构上牢记总分总：先写主题句(Topic Sentence)，再写分论点，最后写总结句(Conclusion)。 语言最重要，往往使评分产生重大差异，语言要模仿和包装。,写完之后修改注意：（内容方面尽量不要修改） 1、字母大小写 2、怪符号 3、单词拼写 4、主谓一致 5、动词时态 6、名词单复数,I、对比观点选择题：,1.有人认为； 2.另外一些人认为； 3.谈谈你的观点和看法。 （最好写成4段）,典型的对比观点选择题的文章逻辑结构：,（启）Paragraph I：（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点； （2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。 （承）Paragraph II：（1）

3、提出一种观点或优点；（2）本段的支持性分论点；（3）本段总结（可以省略）。 (转）Paragraph III： （1）承上启下的过渡句； （2）提出另一种观点或缺点；（3）本段的支持性分论点（4）本段总（可以省略）。 （合）Paragraph IV：（1）平衡两种看法；（2）给出自己的观点。,实例二 99年6月真题,Reading Selectively Or Extensively?Outline: 1. 有人认为读书要有选择 2. 有人认为应当博览群书 3. 我的想法,Paragraph I. （启）,How should we read? Should we read selective

4、ly or extensively? Everyone has his own view.,Paragraph II. （承）,Some people think we should read selectively. They argue that with the development of modern science and technology, more and more books are published. It is impossible for us to read all the books. Whats more, there are many bad books

5、that are poisonous to our mind, and we shouldnt read them. Since we cant read all the books and we shouldnt read bad books, we must read selectively.,Paragraph III. （转）,But others may not agree, they emphasize that todays society is not what it was. If one man has many kinds of knowledge, he will ha

6、ve more chances to succeed. If a man knows much in one field but knows nothing in other fields, he may be useless. Since we must have many kinds of knowledge, we must read extensively.,Paragraph IV. （合）,Whos right? I think both of them have something right. But I think we should read extensively fir

7、st. We should read books in many fields, and read selectively in one field.,选择题型变体逻辑结构（My View on Sth.）,选择性观点的变体的文章写作逻辑结构： Paragraph I:（1）引出将要评论的事物或者是观点； （2）简明扼要的提出人们在这个问题上的两种不同看法。 Paragraph II:（1）提出作者观点（本文主题句） （2）举例加以论证。 Paragraph III:（1）总结全文（再次强调作者观点),范文17. My View on Fate,There is no consensus of

8、 opinions among people as to the view of fate. Some people believe that everyone is born to a certain that he can not change, while some other people think that every man is the master of his own life. As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion. There is a saying, “Everyone is the arc

9、hitect of his own future.” Which means ones fate is decided in his own hands. In fact, no one is destined to a certain fate in his or her life. Those who claim that they were born to fail or be unlucky just cant realize how much inner strength and ability they have. We must depend on ourselves to ch

10、ang our lives and make us successful and happy.,范文17. My View on Fate （续）,Lets take Helen Keller, an extraordinary American woman, for example. When she was only 19 months old, she became blind and deaf. Instead of accepting her misfortune helplessly, she showed great courage and unconquerable spiri

11、t in fighting against her destined fate and was awarded the Presidents Medal of Freedom in 1964 because of the achievements she had made for helping the blind, the deaf and the speechless. This story tells us that a wise man is always creating his own fate rather than waiting for good luck.,In concl

12、usion, I believe that everyone is born equal and is the builder of his own fate. We can have good fortune only if we take pains and work hard. We should bear the following saying in mind, “Every man is the master of his own fate.”,1. 方便：convenient/ convenience 2. 效率：efficient/ efficiently/ efficienc

13、y 3. 节省和浪费：save time/ money/ space; economical, thrift; waste time/ money/ space; costly, lavish 4. 人的心理健康：independent, cooperative, competitive,considerate, confident, creative, sociable,perseverance; selfish, isolated, consevative 5. 人的身体健康：health, disease, strong, strength, energetic,CET4-Writing

14、,万能理由(omnipotence),6. 娱乐：colorful, pleasure,joy, recreation, entertainmentm, relax, tired, boring, lonely 7. 环境：environment, pollute, poisonous, dirty 8. 安全和危险：safe, danger, risk 9. 经验：experience, social experience, enter the society 10. 人际：humane, fair, unfair, help, assist, freedom, freely,CET4-Wr

15、iting,- 万能理由(omnipotence),II、社会热点话题写作逻辑结构,Paragraph I: (1) 概括性的引出要评论的事物或观点（general）； (2) 具体描述这个事物或者观点（或者是我对这个现象/ 事物的基本看法specific） Paragraph II: (1) 作者对该现象货问题的基本看法，即文章的论点句； (2) 支持性的细节分论点（至少两点）； (3) 本段总结（可以省略）。 Paragraph III: (1) 总结全文，定下结论（通常为我的对策或看法）。,Example: 四级作文试题2000年1月,Directions: For this part,

16、 you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the topic How I Finance my College Education. You should write at least 100 words, and base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 上大学的费用（tuition and fees）可以通过多多种途径解决。 2. 哪种途径适合我（说明理由）。 How I Finance My College Education

17、,How I Finance My College Education,第一段：首先，应该是用一种描述性的语言引出讨论的重点： Nowadays/ At present/ Currently/ These days/ Today, tuitions and fees for college students are 【more expensive】 much higher than ever before. How to finance my college education has become a matter of concern.,How I Finance My College E

18、ducation,第二段：有多种的方法，例如：1.向父母; 2.银行贷款 3.打工挣钱 第二段主题句：There are many ways to support my college education financially./ Ways to support my university study financially vary greatly/ are various. 第二段分写： In the first place, I can get/ gain/ obtain all the money from my parents. In the second place, I can

19、 apply for/ ask for a bank loan, especially set up/ established for college students/ undergraduates. Whats more, I can find a part time job to earn enough money.,第三段：我所赞同的方法（阐述原因，为何不选其他的方法）。 Personally/ As far as Im concerned/ In my opinion/ From my point of view/ To my way of thinking/ As I see it

20、, I prefer the bank loan for the following reasons. For one thing, my parents are not rich enough to afford me. For another, I will not have enough time and energy to study after finishing my part-time/ temporary/ odd jobs. In addition, I believe I can hunt a rewarding/ dream job after graduation, a

21、nd then I will be able to pay off/ pay back/ return/ give back. Therefore /So /Hence,.,III、图表题（table, bar graph, pie chart, line graph）,图表题的写作逻辑结构： Paragraph I:（1）概括描述图表：趋势描写； （2）具体描述图表：必要数据支持（细节性）。 Paragraph II:（1）提出自己理由和观点（本段主题句）；（2）细节性分论点（主要是原因，用于支持自己的观点，至少两点）。 Paragraph III:（1）预测未来和提出解决方法； （2）总结

22、全文和表达作者自己观点,Example: Changes in Peoples Diet,Directions: Write a three-paragraph composition to: 1. State the changes in peoples diet in the past five years. 2. Give possible reasons for the changes. 3. Draw your own conclusion. You should quote as few figures as possible.,【短文】Changes in Peoples Die

23、t,Paragraph I: In the past five years there have been many changes in peoples diet. Grain, as the main food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role, while the proportion of some high-energy foods, such as milk and meat, has increased. Paragraph II: What has caused these changes? I thin

24、k there are two reasons. First, people now have more money. The price of meat and milk is much higher than that of grain, so in the old days people couldnt afford them. Now they have enough money to buy both meat and milk. Second, people nowadays pay more attention to the elements of their diet. The

25、y look for a well-balanced diet that will be good for their health. Paragraph III: In short, there have been changes in peoples diet in the past five years because of financial and health reasons, and there will be further changes in the future.,【修改版】,Paragraph I: As can be seen from the table, the

26、past five years has witnessed dramatic changes in peoples diet. Grain, as the staple food of most Chinese, is now playing a less important role in their diet, while the consumption of high quality food such as meat, milk and fruit has greatly increased. Paragraph II: There are two factors leading to

27、 the change. For one thing, people now enjoy a higher standard of living. In the old days few families could afford meat and milk every day, which often meant a big chunk of the family income. But now people have enough money to taste a rich variety of foods. For another, people of today attach more

28、 attention to nutrition. They are not merely content to fill the stomach. They are seeking the most reasonable diet which will do good to their health. Paragraph III: In a word, with peoples standard of living getting higher and higher, changes in their diet will be more obvious and greater.,图表题的适用句

29、型：,1. As we can see from the chart/ graph/ table/ diagram, . 2. The chart/ graph shows/ displays that . 3. As can be shown in the table ., 4. The figures/ statistics in the chart reflect/ show/ reveal that ., 5. It is clear/ apparent from the chart/ table that .,IV、谚语格言题逻辑结构,Paragraph I：（1）点明要阐释的谚语或

30、名言（ general ）；（2）用自己的话解释这一谚语或名言的意思，有时有正反两面的逻（specific ）。 Paragraph II：（1）作者对该谚语或名言的观点态度，即文章的论点句；2）支持性的细节分论点，举例子论证（至少两点，有时有正反两面的逻辑）； Paragraph III：总结全文，定下结论（通常为阐明其现实或更深远意义）。,Practice Makes Perfect,Practice is the key to success in all fields of activity. It is practice alone which enables us to build

31、 up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something perfectly without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice. 【改写为】An English proverb says/ One of the greatest men once remarked/ Nearly every civilization has its own equivalent to the proverb: Practice makes perfect. It means that/ I

32、n other words, it is practice alone which enables us to build up speed and efficiency. When we accomplish something without wasting effort, this is the result of long practice.,Practice Makes Perfect（续）,Take the study of English for example. Only practice can enable us to spell words correctly and m

33、aster the rules of grammar. And it is only through practice that we can become fluent in speaking and writing, there is no other way. Another good example is sports. Practice is the only way to become stronger and run faster. Besides, in team games practice is what improves our sense of cooperation

34、and helps the team to win. 【改写为】History/ Our society abounds with the examples of Practice makes perfect. .（正反两方面都举例子） On the other hand/ On the contrary, no practice will only lead us to failure. There is hardly/ scarcely a man who can achieve success without practice. All evidence points to/ justi

35、fies/ lends supports to the fact that practice is the key to success in all fields of activity. 举例一般为：英语学习；体育锻炼,To sum up, there can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice. 【改写为】For us college students, the saying/ proverb has a profound and realistic significance: th

36、ere can be no achievement which is not based on a solid foundation of practice.,V、书信题的写作方法：,（一）信封格式： 名字、信箱、地域范围由小到大，写在右下角（与我们相反）。 （二）信纸格式： 日期：背月份的缩写 称呼（后面的标点是逗号）:Dear Sir or Madam, To whom it may concern, 正文：空4个字节或者顶格写，段与段之间空行） 签名：sincerely yours,书信写作的五点要求： 1、开门见山说意图 2、咨询/ 建议1、2、3、 3、不同内容可分段 4、感谢客气不

37、可少 5、期待回信成老套,（三）开头段：,1、告知对方你的身份（假如对方不认识你） Dear Sir/ Mr. Prometheus, I was a student at your college, enrolled in Philosophy Department. / I am a at your / I am a at your college, enrolled in the course. / My name is, I am,2、问候收信人（假如他/她是你的朋友) Dear Prometheus, Hello / Hi. How are you? / I hope everyth

38、ing is fine. / How are things going with you? / How are you getting on in / getting along with.?,（三）开头段：,3、解释写信的原因 （1）致谢： I deeply appreciate your courtesy and I hope to reciprocate your favor when the opportunity arises. / I am greatly indebted to you for (the double) you have gone to on my behalf.

39、 / Thank you for your letter about studying in Canada. / I am writing to tell you how grateful I am for / I would like to thank you most sincerely for,（三）开头段：,3、解释写信的原因 （2）抱怨 I am writing to complain about the poor service at your dining-room. / I am writing to express my dissatisfaction with / at /

40、 I wish to make a complaint about / I am writing to draw your attention to. / I am afraid I have got a complaint about.,（三）开头段：,：,3、解释写信的原因 （3）致歉： I would be grateful if you would be so kind as to provide me with certain essential information regarding the following aspects. / I am writing to you be

41、cause I am unable to. / I an terribly sorry that. / I would like to express my apologies for not being able to.,（三）开头段：,（三）开头段,3、解释写信的原因 （4）询问： I would like to obtain /request/seek/inquire about some information about I am writing to ask if you can do me a favor. I would like some detailed informati

42、on on/about.,（四）结尾段：,1、发出请求 （1）Please give this matter your immediate attention. （2）I would very much appreciate it ifas soon as possible.（3）Please render me some valuable advice which is conductive to my final decision.,（四）结尾段：,2、提供帮助 （1）I hope thesewill be helpful, and please feel free to contact

43、me for more information. （2）will be taking responsibility for you and if you should need any assistance, she/he will be pleased to help you,（四）结尾段：,3、再次表示歉意或感激（1）Thank you for your kind assistance. （2）Please accept my heartfelt thanks and deepest gratitude, now and always.（3）I am sorry that I cannot

44、, and trust that you will understand. （4）In addition, let me apologize for any inconvenience I may have caused.（5）I shall feel obliged by a reply at your earliest convenience.（6）Once again, I am sorry for any inconvenience caused.,（四）结尾段：,4、期盼回信：R.S.V.P. （1）I look forward to your prompt response. （2

45、）Looking forward to a prompt reply,（3）I expect to hear from you very soon. （4）I hope to receive your reply shortly.（5）I am already eagerly awaiting your reply to this first letter.,书信题范文：2001.6,Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a letter. Suppose you are Zhang Ying. W

46、rite a letter to Xiao Wang, a schoolmate of yours who is going to visit you during the week-long holiday. You should write at least 100 words according to the suggestions given below in Chinese. 1表示欢迎 2. 提出度假安排的建议 3提醒应注意的事项,Example I:,A Letter to a Schoolmate June 23, 2001 Dear Xiao Wang, I am very

47、happy to learn that you are going to visit me during the week-long holiday. My parents will also be happy to see you again. I am sure you will enjoy every minute here. I know you like swimming. A river lies not far away from my home. We can go swimming there. I think it would be very pleasant and re

48、freshing to swim in such hot summer days. In every big room of my home there is an air-conditioner. We can watch TV, play VCDs or read books very comfortably at home. A mountain about two miles away from here is beautiful and it is worth touring. We can go there on foot. When we climb to the top of

49、the mountain, we can have a wonderful birds eye view of the whole village. Just phone me before you set off. There is no need for you to take anything. Ill prepare everything for you. I am looking forward to seeing you soon. Yours, Zhang Yin,Example II:,Dear Mr. Prometheus, I am a student at your TO

50、EFL class and I am writing to explain my absence from classes since March 11, 2001. On March 10, 2001, I was involved in a serious motor vehicle accident. I was transported to the hospital in an ambulance, where I was treated for a broken ankle, fractured collarbone, and 3 bruised ribs. My doctor ad

51、vised complete bed rest for 6 weeks, and as a result, I have been unable to attend classes since March 11, 2001. I am concerned about keeping up with my studies, and have been doing the required readings, as assigned by you. My biggest concern is whether I will be able to participate the final class

52、. Would you please advise me regarding my courses, specifically if there will be any special consideration given to me in light of my current situation? Thank you for your kind assistance. I look forward to hearing from you soon. Sincerely, Janet, Student No,各类体裁英语四级作文框架,第一段一般只写三句 第一句：It is widely b

53、elieved by many people for some time that . 第二句：One reason they think is that. 第三句：The ohter reason they hold is that. 第二段一般只写三句 第一句：While others argue that . 第二句：They maintain that. 第三句：They also claim that. 第三段写四句 第一句：From what has been discussed above, we may come to the conclusion that . 第二句：On

54、the one hand, . 第三句：On the other hand, . 第四句：Only in this way can we .,Contents,CET4-Writing,-议论文,It is widely believed by many people for some time that smoking is good for human beings. One reason they think is that it can get rid of the tiredness and make them refreshed. The other reason they hol

55、d is that giving and being given cigarettes is a sign of friendship. Therefore, they carry cigarettes with them wherever they go. While others argue that it is very harmful to peoples health. They maintain that one person in the world dies from smoking every second from the official reports that; An

56、d smokers are more likely to have lung cancer and to increase their chances of having heart attack. They also claim that smoking pollutes the air and may cause fire accidents. Thus it has become a major threat to peoples life and property. From what has been discussed above, we may come to the concl

57、usion that smoking should be banned by the government. On the one hand, smoking brings us illness and death. On the other hand, humans life and property outweighs anything else. why not have it banned by the government? Only in this way can we make us healthy and sound.,-图表作文,第一段只写三句 第一句：As is shown

58、 in the graph above, we can see clearly that great changes have taken place in fromto 第二句：The first years saw 第三句：The last years witnessed 第二段只写四句 第一句：What has caused this problem? It seems to me that there are reasons. 第二句：Firstly, 第三句：Secondly, 第四句：Finally, 第三段只写四句 第一句：How to solve the problem has

59、 become a hot issue among many people. 第二句：For one thing, 第三句：For another, 第四句：Only in this way can we successfully solve the problem.,Contents,CET4-Writing,各类体裁英语四级作文框架,Contents,-书信作文,第一段只写两句 第一句：I am writing this letter today to 第二句：My name is and I am 第二段按照题目要求写： 第三段只写三句 第一句：I sincerely hope you can take my letter seriously. 第二句：Your prompt response will be highly appreciated. 第三句：Thanks a lot for your time and consideratio