LearningaboutLanguage (3)

1、,Learning about language,Answer key for exercise 1 on page 3,(1) select,(2) rare,(3) reception,(4) amaze,(5) Less than,(6) wooden,(7) in search of,(8) survive,(9) remove,(10) artist,(11) former,(12) at war,Discovering useful words and expressions,(1) dynasties,(2) style,(3) amazing,(4) jewels,(5) de

2、signed,(6) decorated,(7) fancy,(8) rare,(9) doubt,(10) worth,Answer key for exercise 2 on page 3,A 3 B 2 C 3 D 1,Answer key for exercise 3 on page 3,Grammar,The Restrictive and Non- Restrictive Attributive Clause,Discovering useful structures,Can you tell the difference between Restrictive and Non-R

3、estrictive Clause?,A. In written form,B. In how close the clause is connected with the main sentence,e.g. Beijing is a city that Ive always wanted to visit. Beijing, which is the capital of China, has a long history. Mr. Black is the man who rescued me from the river. Mr. Black, who is a doctor, res

4、cued me from the river.,C. In Antecedent (先行词),e.g. Mike sold the house which his family had lived in for 30 years.,Mike sold the house, which made his father very angry.,Mike lived in Lincoln Street, where many important people lived.,D. In the Relative Pronouns (关系代词),She married a man (that / who

5、m /who) she met on the bus.,The book, which he lost yesterday, has been found.,which 在从句中作宾语,但不能省略,He failed in the exam, that made his mother angry.,He failed in the exam, which made his mother angry.,关系代词：which / who / whom / whose / as 关系副词：when / where (非限制性定语从句中不用关系词that；非限制性定语从句中关系词不能省略),非限制性定

6、语从句中通常使用下列关系代词和副词。,限制性定语从句与先行词之间不用逗号隔开； 非限制性定语从句与先行词之间一般用逗号 隔开。,My cousin whose father is a teacher wants to be an actor. My cousin , whose father is a teacher , wants to be an actor.,For reference,A. This is the place where I lived ten years ago. B. She is going to spend the winter holiday in Macao

7、, which returned to China in 1999. 2. A. He is a man who I can ask for help. B. His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,限制性定语从句和先行词关系密切，如果去掉从句，剩余部分意义不完整；非限制性定语从句只是先行词的附加说明，如果去掉从句，意义仍然完整。,1. I have a sister who works in a hospital.,我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。 （不只一位姐姐）,2. I have a sister, who works i

8、n a hospital.,我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。 （只有一位姐姐）,有时同一个限制性从句变为非限制性从句会改变全句的意思。,3. All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.,里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）,4.All the magazines here, which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.,所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。（杂志只有一种）,

9、His father, who works in Beijing, came back yesterday.,Shanghai, which is in East China, is developing rapidly.,当先行词是地名人名、世界上独一无二的事物或家庭唯一成员时，通常只用非限制性定语从句。,Differences,Comma（逗号） The non-restrictive attributive clause can be left out.（非限制性定语从句可被省略） We cant use “that” in it.（非限制性定语 从句中不可以用that) We cant

10、 miss the relative words. （非限 制性定语从句中关系代词不可以被省略）,Ex. 3 (P4) 1. Here are the farmers. They discovered the underground city last month. Here are the farmers who discovered the underground city last month.,Attributive Clause,2. Hangzhou is a famous city in China. Many people come to buy tea in that cit

11、y. Hangzhou is a famous city in China in which/where many people come to buy tea.,3. She got so angry. I dont know the reason. I dont know the reason why she got so angry.,4. The old man saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it. You are talking to an old man. The old man (who / w

12、hom / that ) you are talking to saw some Germans taking apart the Amber Room and removing it.,5. The woman remembered the day. She saw Nazis burying something near her home. The woman remembered the day when she saw Nazis burying something near her home.,6. St Petersburg is a very beautiful city. It

13、 was once called Leningrad. St Petersburg is a very beautiful city, which was once called Leningrad.,7. I remember the soldier. He told me not to tell anyone what I had seen. I remember the soldier, who told me not to tell anyone what I had seen.,8. The soldiers moved the boxes to a mine. They wante

14、d to hide them. The soldiers moved the boxes to a mine, where they wanted to hide them.,9. Xian is one of the few cities with walls. Its walls remain as good as before. Xian is one of the few cities in which/where walls remain as good as before.,10. Shanxi Province is a place with many cultural reli

15、cs. Its cultural relics are well looked after. Shanxi Province is a place where cultural relics are well looked after.,(1) What surprised me was not what he said but the way _ he said it. (2) Were just trying to reach a point _ both sides will sit down together and talk. (2006 山东）,(that / in which),

16、where,Practice,(3) _ is often the case, we have worked out the production plan. (4) This is the very house _ he lived. (5) Next winter, _ you will spend in Harbin, Im sure, will be another exciting holiday. (6) Thats the reason _ he was late.,As,where,which,why,(7) The pictures brought the days back

17、 to the old _ they swam in the river. (8) Robert and his songs _ were famous in the U. S. are also popular in China. (9) They are always smoking, _ of course, will do harm to their health. (10) The situation _ you use the words is very clear in fact.,when,that,which,where,The reason why he explained

18、 at the meeting surprised us. 2. I can remember the days when we spent together.,why(that),when(that / which),Correct the mistakes,3. The way in which you talked about is very important for us. 4. Put the book in which you can it easily.,in which(which / that),in whichwhere,1 Helen was much kinder t

19、o her youngest son than to the others, _, of course, made the others envy (嫉妒) him. A. who B. that C. what D. which,高考链接,2 There were dirty marks on her trousers _ she had wiped her hands. A. where B. which C. when D. that,3 The factory produces half a million pairs of shoes every year, 80% _ are so

20、ld abroad. A. of which B. which of C. of them D. of that,4 The English play _ my students acted at the New Years party was a great success. A. for which B. at which C. in which D. on which,5 I have many friends, some _ are businessmen. A. why B. from which C. who of D. of whom,6 If a shop has chairs _ women can park their men, women will spend more time in the shop. A. that B. which C. when D. where,7 Great changes have taken p