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1、(1) with the (rapidly)growing popularity of (computers/private cars) in China,the quality of our lives has been considerably changed。(2) With the (rapid)growth of (our economy/population),many problems such as (water shortages/waste of energy/lack of professionals and chaotic management)are beginnin

2、g to surface(3) With the development of (science and technology/market economy),more and more/an increasing number of people come to realize that (4) Currently there is a widespread/serious concern over (illegal publication/drug abuse/negative influence of western cultures).(5) Nowadays ,a heated de

3、bated/discussion aboutis under way in China .some people believe that ,whereas others argue that(6) There are some reasons for owning (private cars/ personal computers).To begin with,Next,Last,There are, on the other hand, many reasons against it, First,Second,Finally,(7) There are many advantages a

4、nd disadvantages in(owning a car).(8) There are various /at least three ways/possible techniques/problems/methods to do something(9) Smoking/Alcoholic beverage should be banned from college campuses for toe reasons. The first reason is that The second reason is that /On the one hand , On the other h

5、and,(10) The possible solutions of (the energy crisis/water shortages/these social problems)depend on three factors(11) The tow major reasons responsible for(the rapid economic growth /the widespread of fake products )are2常用于结尾的短语、句式(1) It is hoped that we should place much emphasis on/pay more atte

6、ntion to 。(2) To conclude,we can see that (the best way/the possible solution)is。(3) In short,(shortages of water,decrease of fertile fields and environmental pollution)are the major problems to be solved to(increase rain production)。(4) In order to make our world a better place in which to live we

7、should make great efforts to。(5) In a word ,there are three suggestions we must follow ,only in this way can we(achieve a great success)。(6) It is time for us to take an active part in。(7) Let us work hand in hand in hand to(solve these social problems)3陈述或论证观点、看法(view,point,opinion)、原因(reason、cause

8、)、方法、手段、措施、步骤。(method,means,measures,step。)、因素(factor)、利弊、优缺点(advantage,disadvantage)时常用的词语、句式:(1)引述段落提出问题时常用的句式、词语:。的原因有许多。There are many reasons why。的原因如下;The reasons why 。are as follows我的看法是。My opinion is that(2)展开段落论证时常用的句式、词语:、第一层次(首先)First,Firstly,In the first place,First of all ,To begin with

9、,For one thing。我的第一理由是。My first reason is that。主要因素是。The main factor is that 。第二层次(其次)Second ,Secondly,In the Second place,Next,Then,For another,另一种方法是。Another means of 。is to do。第二种解决方法是。the second solution is that。第三层次(第三点)Third,a thirdly,besides,in addition,furthermore,what is more important(3)总结

10、性段落常用句式、词语:最后一点 last,lastly,finally,in the last place ,last of all,in short,in brief简言之 in a word ,in summary,to sum up总之, in conclusion,on the whole,altogether,in all因此, so,thus,hence,therefore。Consequently,for thee reasons结果, in consequence,as a result由此可见。 it will be seen from it that如上所述,我们可以得出结

11、论。as has been said above,we can conclude/make a conclusion/draw a conclusion/reach a conclusion come to a conclusion that。(4)将事物的正反、好坏两方面,或者将两种不同事物进行比较,对比时常用的句式、短语:然而 while ,whereas,but,however,nevertheless尽管如此 in spite of that,despite all this但在另一方面 but on the other hand与。相比 in/by in comparison wit

12、h。/as compare with。对比之下 by/in contrast与。相反 as opposed to。/instead of。相反 on the contrary,instead他们的区别如下 The differences are as follows;the differences can be described as followsA与B之间的不同在于。the differences between A and B is /lies in/exists in/consists in。;A is different from B in.As fruit needs not o

13、nly sunshine but cold nights and chilling showers to ripen it, so character needs not only joy but trial and difficulty to mellow it. (Hugh Black, American writer)水果不仅需要阳光,也需要凉夜。寒冷的雨水能使其成熟。人的性格陶冶不仅需要欢乐,也需要考验和困难。(美国作家 布莱克 H)I find life an exciting business and most exciting when it is lived for other

14、s. (Helen Keller,Ameican writer)我发现生活是令人激动的事情,尤其是为别人活着时。(美国作家 海伦凯勒)In this world there is always danger for those who are afraid of it. (George Bernad Shaw, British dramastist)对于害怕危险的人,这个世界上总是 危险的。(英国剧作家 肖伯纳 G)Mishaps are like knives that either serve us or cut us as we grasp them by the handle or b

15、lade.(James Russell Lowell, American poetess and critic)灾难就像刀子,握住刀柄就可以为我们服务,拿住刀刃则会割破手。(美国女诗人、批评家 洛威尔 J R)No one can degrade us except ourselves; that if we are worthy, no influence can defeat us. (B.T.Washington, American educator)除了我们自己以外,没有人能贬低我们。如果我们坚强,就没有什么不良影响能够打败我们。(美国教育家 华盛顿 B T)No pain , no

16、palm; no thorns , no throne ; no gall, no glory; no cross, no crown. (William Penn, British admiral)没有播种,何来收获;没有辛劳,何来成功;没有磨难,何来荣耀;没有挫折,何来辉煌。(英国海军上将 佩恩 W)Optimists always picture themselves accomplishing their goals. (Lucius Anaeus Seneca, Ancient Roman philosopher)乐观主义者总是想象自己实现了目标的情景。(古罗马哲学家 西尼加 L A

17、)Perhaps you cant control your job, but you may be able to make other changes in your life. (Alan Loy Mcginnis ,British writer)或许你不能支配自己的工作,但你能够使生活发生转变。(英国作家 麦金尼斯 A L)Prosperity doth best discover vice, but adversity doth discover virtue.顺境时显现恶习,逆境时凸现美德Rejoicing in hope, patient in tribulation. (Joh

18、n Kennedy, American president)从希望中得到欢乐,在苦难中保持坚韧。(美国总统 肯尼迪 J)Sweet are the uses of adversity.(William Shakspeare,British Playwriter)苦尽甘来。(英国剧作家 莎士比亚 W)I succeeded because I willed it ; I never hesitated .(Bonaparte Napoleon, French emperor )我成功是因为我有决心,从不踌躇 。 (法国皇帝 拿破仑. B .)If you wish to succeed , yo

19、u should use persistence as your good friend , experience as your reference , prudence as your brother and hope as your sentry. (Thomas Edison , American inventor )如果你希望成功,当以恒心为良友、以经验为参谋、以谨慎为兄弟、以希望为哨兵。 (美国发明家 爱迪生. T.)The people who get on in this world are the people who get up and look for circumst

20、ances they want , and if they cannot find them .they make them.(George Bernard Shaw , British dramatist )在这个世界上,取得成功的人是那些努力寻找他们想要机会的人,如果找不到机会,他们就去创造机会。( 英国剧作家 肖伯纳. G.)You have to believe in yourself . Thats the secret of success .(Charles Chaplin , American actor )人必须相信自己,这是成功的秘诀。 (美国演员 卓别林. C.)Hist

21、ories make men wise ; poems witty; the mathematics subtle; natural philosophy deep ; moral grave ; logic and rhetoric able to contend .(Francis Bacon , British philosopher )历史使人明智;诗词使人灵秀;数学使人周密;自然哲学使人深刻;伦理使人庄重;逻辑修辞学使人善辨。( 英国哲学家 培根. F.)Experience is the child of thought , and thought is the child of

22、action. We cannot learn men from books. (Benjamin Disraeli, British statesman)经验是思想之子,思想是行动之子,了解他人不可以书本为据。(英国政治家 迪斯雷利 B .)Experience is the na me give their mistakes. (Oscar Wilde, British playwriter and poet)经验是每个人为其错误寻找的代名词。(英国剧作家、诗人 王尔德 O.)Experience never misleads; what you are missed by is only

23、 your judgement, and this misleads you by anticipating results from experience of a kind that is not produced by your experements. (Leonardo Da Vinci, Italian painter)经验永远不会对你做错误的引导;把你引导错的只是你自己的判断,而你的判断之所以对你发生误导的作用,乃是由于它根据那种并非借着实验而产生的经验来预料的结果。(意大利画家 达芬奇)Ideal is the beacon. Without ideal, there is n

24、o secure direction; without direction, there is no life.( Leo Tolstoy, Russian writer) 理想是指路明灯。没有理想,就没有坚定的方向;没有方向,就没有生活。(俄国作家 托尔斯泰. L.) Living without an aim is like sailing without a compass. (Alexander Dumas, Davy de La Pailleterie, French Writer) 生活没有目标就像航海没有指南针。 (法国作家 大仲马. A.) The ideals which h

25、ave lighted my way, and time after time have given me new courage to face life cheerfully 19 have been kindness, beauty and truth.(Albert Einstein, American scientist) 有些理想曾为我们引过道路,并不断给我新的勇气以欣然面对人生,那些理想就是-真、善、美。 (美国科学家 爱因斯坦. A.) The roots of education are bitter , but the fruit is sweet .(Aristotle

26、, Ancient Greek philosopher )教育的根是苦的,但其果实是甜的。( 古希腊哲学家 亚里士多德)开头的套语有:From this passage we can find out that.From this stroy we can know that.As far as Im concered .All in all In a few world 等。在最后的作文中一般都能用上的A friend in need is a friend indeed患难见真情A sood beginning makes a good ending善始才有善终Agood teacher

27、,a good student有好的老师就有好的学生Amiss is as good as amile差之毫厘,失之千里Atrouble shared is a trouble halved 两人分担,困难减半Ature friend is the best possession真正的朋友是最好的财富Aword spoken is past recalling 一言既出,驷马难追Achievement is founded on diligence and wasted upon recklessness 业精于勤,荒于嬉Actions speak louder than words行动胜于空

28、谈All roads lead to Rome 条条道路通罗马All things are difficult before they are easy 万事开头难An empty sack cannot stand upright有理走遍天下,无理寸步难行As you sow,so shall you reap种瓜得瓜,种豆得豆Beauty is only skin-deep美只是外表1. 关于人们有不同的观点。一些人认为 There are different opinions among people as to _ .Some people suggest that _. 2. 俗话说

29、(常言道),它是我们前辈的经历,但是,即使在今天,它在许多场合仍然适用。 There is an old saying_. Its the experience of our forefathers,however,it is correct in many cases even today. 3. 现在,它们给我们的日常生活带来了许多危害。首先,;其次,。更为糟糕的是。 Today, _, which have brought a lot of harms in our daily life. First, _ Second,_. What makes things worse is tha

30、t_. 4. 现在,很普遍,许多人喜欢,因为,另外(而且)。 Nowadays,it is common to _. Many people like _ because _. Besides,_. 5. 任何事物都是有两面性,也不例外。它既有有利的一面,也有不利的一面。 Everything has two sides and _ is not an exception,it has both advantages and disadvantages. 6. 关于人们的观点各不相同,一些人认为(说),在他们看来, Peoples opinions about _ vary from pers

31、on to person. Some people say that _.To them,_. 7. 人类正面临着一个严重的问题,这个问题变得越来越严重。 Man is now facing a big problem _ which is becoming more and more serious. 8. 已成为人的关注的热门话题,特别是在年青人当中,将引发激烈的辩论。 _ has become a hot topic among people,especially among the young and heated debates are right on their way. 9.

32、在我们的日常生活中起着越来越重要的作用,它给我们带来了许多好处,但同时也引发一些严重的问题。 _ has been playing an increasingly important role in our day-to-day life.it has brought us a lot of benefits but has created some serious problems as well. 10. 根据图表/数字/统计数字/表格中的百分比/图表/条形图/成形图可以看出。很显然,但是为什么呢? According to the figure/number/statistics/per

33、centages in the /chart/bar graph/line/graph,it can be seen that_ while. Obviously,_,but why? (二)中间段落句 1. 相反,有一些人赞成,他们相信,而且,他们认为。 On the contrary,there are some people in favor of _.At the same time,they say_. 2. 但是,我认为这不是解决的好方法,比如。最糟糕的是。 But I dont think it is a very good way to solve _.For example,

34、_.Worst of all,_. 3. 对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的,(也是)非常重要的。首先,。而且,最重要的是 _is necessary and important to our countrys development and construction. First,_.Whats more, _.Most important of all,_. 4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先,我们可以。 There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can_ 5. 面临,我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来。一方面,另一方面,

35、 Confronted with_,we should take a series of effective measures to_. For one thing,_For another,_ 6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说,另外。所有这些方法肯定会。 It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _.In addition. _.All these measures will certainly_. 7. 为什么?第一个原因是;第二个原因是;第三个原因是。总的来说,的主要原因是由于 Why_? The fir

36、st reason is that _.The second reason is _.The third is _.For all this, the main cause of _due to _. 8. 然而,正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样,也有它的不利的一面,象。 However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, _also has its own disadvantages, such as _. 9. 尽管如此,我相信更有利。 Nonetheless, I believe that _is more adv

37、antageous. 10. 完全同意这种观点(陈述),主要理由如下: I fully agree with the statement that _ because_. (三)结尾句 1. 至于我,在某种程度上我同意后面的观点,我认为 As far as I am concerned, I agree with the latter opinion to some extent. I think that _. 2. 总而言之,整个社会应该密切关注这个问题。只有这样,我们才能在将来。 In a word, the whole society should pay close attentio

38、n to the problem of _.Only in this way can _in the future. 3. 但是,和都有它们各自的优势(好处)。例如,而。然而,把这两者相比较,我更倾向于(喜欢) But _and _have their own advantages. For example, _, while_. Comparing this with that, however, I prefer to_. 4. 就我个人而言,我相信,因此,我坚信美好的未来正等着我们。因为 Personally, I believe that_. Consequently, Im conf

39、ident that a bright future is awaiting us because_. 5. 随着社会的发展,。因此,迫切需要。如果每个人都愿为社会贡献自已的一份力量,这个社会将要变得越来越好。 With the development of society, _.So its urgent and necessary to _.If every member is willing to contribute himself to the society, it will be better and better. 6. 至于我(对我来说,就我而言),我认为更合理。只有这样,我

40、们才能 For my part, I think it reasonable to_. Only in this way can you _. 7. 对我来说,我认为有必要。原因如下:第一,; 第二,;最后但同样重要的是 In my opinion, I think it necessary to_. The reasons are as follows. First _.Second _. Last but not least,_. 8. 在总体上很难说是好还是坏,因为它在很大程度上取决于的形势。然而,就我个人而言,我发现。 It is difficult to say whether _i

41、s good or not in general as it depends very much on the situation of_. However, from a personal point of view find_. 9. 综上所述,我们可以清楚地得出结论 From what has been discussed above, we may reasonably arrive at the conclusion that_. 10. 如果我们不采取有效的方法,就可能控制不了这种趋势,就会出现一些意想不到的不良后果,所以,我们应该做的是 If we can not take us

42、eful means, we may not control this trend, and some undesirable result may come out unexpectedly, so what we should do is_. 一)原因 1.A number of factors are accountable for this situation. A number of factors might contribute to (lead to )(account for ) the phenomenon(problem). 2. The answer to this p

43、roblem involves many factors. 3. The phenomenon mainly stems from the fact that. 4. The factors that contribute to this situation include. 5. The change in .largely results from the fact that. 6. We may blame .,but the real causes are. 7. Part of the explanations for it is that . One of the most com

44、mon factors (causes ) is that . Another contributing factor (cause ) is . Perhaps the primary factor is that But the fundamental cause is that . 二)比较 1.The advantage far outweigh the disadvantages. 2.The advantages of A are much greater than those of B. 3.A may be preferable to B, but A suffers from

45、 the disadvantages that. 4.It is reasonable to maintain that .but it would be foolish to claim that. 5.For all the disadvantages, it has its compensating advantages. 6.Like anything else, it has its faults. 7.A and B has several points in common. 8.A bears some resemblances to B. 9.However, the same

46、 is not applicable to B. 10. A and B differ in several ways. 11. Evidently, it has both negative and positive effects. 12. People used to think ., but things are different now. 13. The same is true of B. 14. Wondering as A is ,it has its drawbacks. 15. It is true that A . , but the chief faults (obv

47、ious defects )are . 三)批驳 1)It is true that ., but one vital point is being left out. 2) There is a grain of truth in these statements, but they ignore a more important fact. 3) Some people say ., but it does not hold water. 4) Many of us have been under the illusion that. 5) A close examination woul

48、d reveal how ridiculous the statement is. 6) It makes no sense to argue for . 7) Too much stress placed on . may lead to . 8) Such a statement mainly rests on the assumption that . 9) Contrary to what is widely accepted, I maintain that . 四)后果 1. It may give rise to a host of problems. 2. The immedi

49、ate result it produces is . 3. It will exercise a profound influence upon. 4. Its consequence can be so great that. 五)举例 1) A good case in point is . 2) As an illustration, we may take . 3) Such examples might be given easily. 4) .is often cited as an example. 六)证明 1) No one can deny the fact that .

50、 2) The idea is hardly supported by facts. 3) Unfortunately, none of the available data shows . 4) Recent studies indicate that . 5) There is sufficient evidence to show that . 6) According to statistics proved by ., it can be seen that . 七)开篇 1) Many nations have been faced with the problem of . 2)

51、 Recently the problem has been brought into focus. 3) Recently the phenomenon has become a heated topic. 4) Recently the issue has aroused great concern among . 5) Nowadays there is a growing concern over . 6) Never in our history has the idea that . been so popular. 7) Faced with ., quite a few peo

52、ple argue that . 8) According to a recent survey, . 9) With the rapid development of ., . 八)结尾 1) From what has been discussed above, we can draw the conclusion that . 2) It is high time that strict measures were taken to stop . 3) It is necessary that steps should be taken to . 4) In conclusion, it

53、 is imperative that . 5) There is no easy method, but .might be of some help. 6) To solve the above-mentioned problem, we must . 7) In summary, if we continue to ignore the above-mentioned issue, more problems will crop up. 8) With the efforts of all parts concerned, the problem will be solved thoro

54、ughly. 9) We might do more than identify the cause ; it is important to take actions to . 10) Taking all these into account, we . 11) Whether it is good or not /positive or negative, one thing is certain/clear. 第一部分:1经济的快速发展 the rapid development of economy 2人民生活水平的显著提高/ 稳步增长 the remarkableimprovement/ steady growth of peoples living standard 3先进的科学技术 advanced science and tech

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