上海牛津英语6A期末复习(精华版).ppt

1、,6A期末复习 (精华版),不定冠词(a/an)的用法 I would like to be a policeman. （职业前加“a”或“an”） There is a beautiful garden behind the house.（翻译成中文， 有“一”的意思） 3. 习惯用语：have a good/great time, half an hour, tell a lie, make a (shopping) list, have a picnic, have a barbecue, have a healthy diet, have an unhealthy diet, That

2、s a good idea. 等,定冠词the的用法 I have a cat and a dog. The cat is white and the dog is brown. （再次提到的人和物前） Our classroom is on the third floor. （on + the+序数词+floor） I play the piano every day. （乐器前面） 习惯用语: in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, for the first time, Friends of the Earth, the env

3、ironment, at the weekend, the one on the left/right, the one in the middle, in the city, in the countryside, at the entrance等,一般不用冠词的情况 What do you have for breakfast? （一日三餐前） 2. We play football after school every day. (球类运动前) 固定词组：by train/motorcycle, on foot, at night, at noon, watch TV, go to sc

4、hool, walk to school, be late for school, at weekends, start work, finish work, in class等。,人称代词,主格：用作句子的主语 宾格：用在动词和介词后面 所有格：表示“的”,什么,What do you do for Spring Festival?,We have a New Years dinner together.,哪一个,Which would you like?,Id like this yellow one.,疑问代词,谁,Who is Mr. Wu?,He is our class teach

5、er.,谁的,Whose handbag is this?,Its Kittys.,什么 时候,When is Jons birthday?,It is on 2 April.,几点钟,What time is it now?,Its 2:15p.m.,哪里,Where is my pen?,It is in the pencil case.,为什么,Why are you so happy today?,Its my birthday!,怎么样,How do you travel to school every day?,By bus.,We use How questions to ask

6、 for numbers or amounts.,多少 （可数）,How many people are there?,多少 (不可数),How much sugar do we need every day?,Only a little.,多少钱,How much did you spend on the book?,35 yuan.,1. Some和any的用法 （1）some用于肯定句，否定句或疑问句要改为any e.g. There is some milk in the bottle. There isnt any milk in the bottle. Is there any m

7、ilk in the bottle? （2）当疑问句希望得到肯定的回答，可以用some Would you like some? May I have some? Shall we buy some?,不定代词,2. few, a few, little, a little,(1) We need _ ( a few, a little) fat every day. 重点一：few和a few修饰可数名词，little和a little修饰不 可数名词 5. Hurry up! We have only _ ( a little, a few, little, few) time ! The

8、re are _ (a little, a few, little, few) spicy sausages in the fridge. Lets go and buy some. 重点四：a little, a few表示“一点点”，肯定含义； little, few表示“几乎没有”，否定含义。 固定搭配 only/still a little, only/ still a few,3. onethe other, someothers, others, each other (1) She is always kind to others. others=other people 别人

9、(2) They always help each other. each other 互相 (3) I have two sons. One lives in the USA, the other lives in Australia. one, the other 一个另一个（前提两个人或物） (4) Some students like cartoons, others like science fiction. some, others 一些, 另一些,1.可数名词( Countable Noun)的复数规则变化: A.一般情况 加+s e.g. toy-toys month-mont

10、hs coin-coins B.以s, x, sh, ch结尾 加+es e.g. classclasses boxboxes churchchurches brush-brushes dish-dishes C.以f 或fe 结尾 去f 或 fe改为ves e.g. shelf-shelves knife-knives wolf-wolves,名词,D.以辅音字母+y 结尾的词 变y 为i ,再加es e.g. city-cities country-countries lady-ladies (比较: day-days boy-boys) 2.可数名词的复数不规则变化 以o结尾 e.g.

11、potatopotatoes tomato-tomatoes (比较: radio-radios photo-photos piano-pianos kilo-kilos zoo-zoos kangaroo-kangaroos),B.单复同形 e.g. sheep-sheep deer-deer people-people Chinese-Chinese Japanese-Japanese C.改变元音 e.g. man-men woman-women policeman-policemen postman-postmen businesswoman-businesswomen child-c

12、hildren mouse-mice foot-feet tooth-teeth goose-geese,可数名词和不可数名词的数量表达,one-first two-second three-third four-fourth five-fifth six-sixth seven-seventh eight-eighth nine-ninth ten-tenth eleven-eleventh twelve-twelfth thirteen-thirteenth fourteen-fourteenth fifteen-fifteenth sixteen-sixteenth seventeen-

13、seventeenth eighteen-eighteenth nineteen-nineteenth twenty-twentieth thirty-thirtieth forty-fortieth fifty-fiftieth sixty-sixtieth seventy-seventieth eight-eightieth ninety-ninetieth hundred-hundredth,数词,钟点的表示,在 7:15 在 8:30 在11:45 在 1:58,at a quarter past seven / at seven fifteen,at half past eight

14、/ at eight thirty,at a quarter to twelve / at eleven forty-five,at two (minutes) to two / at one fifty-eight,半小时之内（包括半小时）常用介词past, 半小时之后用介词to。,形容词和副词 的用法及位置 Usage and position of adjective and adverb,When do we use adjectives ?,在名词前作定语,1.We should have a _diet. (health) 2. I like the _ baby very muc

15、h.( love),healthy,lovely,diet,baby,在系动词后作表语,He became very _(angrily). Chillies taste _ (spice).,angry,taste,spicy,When do we use adjectives ?,became,形容词作宾语补足语,When do we use adjectives ?,11. We should keep the room _(clean). 12. This bad news made him_(happy).,keep the room,clean,made him,unhappy,b

16、ad,keep make,sb./sth. + adj.,1.在名词前作定语,2.在系动词后作表语,3.作宾语补足语（keep, make),形容词的位置和成分,How do we get adverbs?,widely,wide,+,ly,especially,especial,+,ly,extremely,extreme,+,ly,completely,complete,+,ly,truly,true,+,ly,really,real,+,ly,closely,close,+,ly,quietly,quiet,+,ly,immediately,immediate,+,ly,excitedl

17、y,excited,+,ly,adv.,adj.,+,ly,Conclusions,completely,complete,add ly,RULES,EXAMPLES,形容词比较级的拼写规则,taller,safer,fatter,bigger,一般的词+er,以e结尾的词+r,以重读闭音节结尾 双写最后辅音字母+er,safe,fat,big,thin,hot,red,wet,thinner,hotter,redder,wetter,单 音 节 词,双 音 节 词,healthier,easier,more careful,多音节,以辅音字母+y结尾的双音节词,去y 为变i+er,以-ful

18、, less, ing, ed, ly, ive, able等后缀结尾的词前加more,前加more,more difficult,difficult,形容词比较级的拼写规则,bad/ ill -,worse,不规则变化,形容词比较级的拼写规则,形容词比较级的常用结构： 1) than e.g. The book is heavier than that one. 2) A or B? e.g. Which is bigger, the sun or the moon?,1）as +原级+ as: 和一样 e.g. Peter is as tall as Mike. This shirt is

19、 as cheap as that one. 2）“不如” not as +原级+as not so+原级+as less+原级+ than e.g. My room is not as/so big as your room. My room is less big than your room.,形容词的 同级比较,Tom isnt as tall as Sandy. =Tom is _ _Sandy. =Sandy is _ _Tom.,shorter than,taller than,not so/asas -,原级、比较级之间的转换,比较级 than,辨析：介词in, on, at

20、地点：in+大地点 e.g. in Beijing/ China on +岛屿 e.g. on Lucky Island at +小地点 e.g. at the bus-stop at the airport 时间:in + 年份/季节/月份e.g. in 2012/spring/May on + 具体某天/具体某天的某个时段 e.g. on Saturday / on Monday morning at + 钟点 e.g. at six oclock,in the Arts and Crafts room 在美术劳技教室里in the hall 在大厅里in the Music room 在

21、音乐教室里 in + 一个被包围的空间 “在里” on the second floor 在三楼 on Lucky Island 在幸运岛上 on the + 序数词 + 楼层 “在楼上” at the entrance 在入口处 at the airport 在机场 at the bus-stop 在车站 at + 较小的地方 “在”,其它介词（固定搭配）： 1. get sth. from sb. 从某人那里得到某物 far away from 远离 2. I usually go shopping with her. 与某人一起 share sth. with sb. 与某人分享某物 h

22、elp sb. with sth. 在方面帮助某人 3. be late for 迟到; for the first time 第一次 wait for等待 cook food for people 为人们烧吃的 make sth. for sb./buy sth. for sb. 为某人买/做某物,4. be kind/friendly/helpful to sb. 对某人 sell things to people 买东西给人 show sb. sth. = show sth. to sb. 给某人看某物 5. look at 看着;look for 寻找;look after 照顾 li

23、sten to 听着 6. get to spl. 到达某地 =arrive in/at spl. 7. by bus/car/ferry/underground on foot on the bus/ underground/ train in a car/ taxi,8. on the/ones way to spl. 在某人去某地的路上 on ones way here/there/home 9. in the classroom, on the road, in the library, in the park, walk on the grass, run across the ro

24、ad, on the left/right , in the middle of, in the shopping centre 10. have sth. for breakfast/lunch/dinner in the supermarket/market in the frozen food section at the fish stall 11. all kinds of + 名词复数 各种各样的 different kinds of + 名词复数 多种多样的,感官动词：taste, look, sound, feel, smell + adj. become(变得) + adj.

25、 She looks happy. Your idea sounds wonderful. He became fit and healthy. e.g. Jimmy made a mistake, his father looked _ and his mother looked _ at him. (angry),angry,angrily,连系动词,CAN 可表示能力、允许、可能性、怀疑猜测，意 为“能，会，可以”；cant意为“不会，不 能，不可以” 。 MAY 表示允许、也许，意为“可以，也许，可 能”。对may的一般问句的回答，肯定回答 是：Yes, please. /Certai

26、nly. /Sure.等。否定回 答是：No，you cant. / No, you may not.,常用情态动词,can, may, must, need, shall, will, should 等，后面跟动词原形。,MUST 表示必须要做的事，意为“必须，应该”， 具有强制性。否定形式must not或 mustnt。must一般问句的肯定回答 用Yes, you must.否定回答用No, you neednt. SHALL, WILL 用来征求对方意见，也可以用于 一般将来时。shall只用于第一人 称，will适用于所有人称。 SHOULD 为shall 的过去式，有“应该”的意

27、思， 但语气比must 弱，不具有强制性。 ,1)情态动词（用法与can, must, should一致） 肯定： need do sth. （need不随人称变化） 否定：neednt do sth. 一般疑问： Needdo sth.? 回答： Yes, need. (No, neednt. e.g. Mike need review his lessons every day. You neednt worry about him. He can do it well. Must I do homework now? No, you neednt.,need的用法,2) 实义动词： 肯定

28、： need to do sth. need sth. 否定：dont need to do dont need sth. 一般疑问：Doneed to do? Doneed sth? 回答： Yes, do. Yes, do. No, dont. No, dont. e.g. He needs to buy some food for the picnic. We dont need any money. Did he need to come?,试一试： Simon needs to take a bus to school. （否定句） Simon doesnt need to take

29、 a bus to school. 2. They need some eggs to make a cake. （一般疑问句） Do they need any eggs to make a cake? 3. Students need preview their lessons before class. （否定句） Students neednt preview their lessons before class.,四种时态,一般现在时： 1)肯定句： I usually go shopping with her. We often go shopping together. Alic

30、e always goes shopping. 2) 否定句：I dont always go shopping. They dont always go shopping. Mike doesnt always watch TV. 3) 一般疑问句： Do you/ the boys always go shopping? Does Linda always go shopping?,I/ we/ you/ they + V. he/ she/ it + V.+s/es ,I/ we/ you/ they + dont + V. he/ she/ it + doesnt + V.,Do I/

31、 we/ you/ they + V.? Does he/ she/ it + V.?,always adv.总是 usually adv.通常 often adv.经常 sometimes adv.有时 seldom adv. 很少，几乎不 never adv. 从不,频率 副词,这些频率副词通常用来描述平时做的有规律的事情，用一般现在时。,否定含义!,现在进行时,一、用法 表示说话时或现阶段正在进行的动作。 Were learning English now.,二、构成 肯定句：主语+ am/are/is +doing. 否定句：主语+ am/are/is+ not +doing. 疑问句

32、：Am/Is/Are+主语+ doing?,三、标志词 now, these days, Look! Listen! Be careful! Look out! Watch out! Be quiet或根据上下文,一般将来时 (be going to + V.) 用法：表示“打算”、“准备”在最近做某事 结构：（肯定句）主语+am/is/are going to +动词原形. e.g. I am going to put it on the floor. （否定句）主语+am/is/are not going to +动词原形. e.g. He is not going to paint th

33、e bookcase tomorrow. （疑问句） Am/Is/Are+主语+ going to +动词原形? e.g. Are you going to come back tomorrow?,will do sth.= be going to do sth. 将要做某事 标志：tomorrow, the day after tomorrow, soon, next week, in 2015, in the future, in + 时间段 肯定： 主语+will+动词原形 否定： 主语+wont / will not +动词原形 一般疑问： Will+主语+动词原形? Yes, wil

34、l. / No, wont. e.g. He will have a meeting tomorrow.,一般将来时(will + V.),一般过去时的结构,陈述句：主语+动词过去式+其它,I cleaned the room yesterday.,否定句：主语+助动词didnt+动词原形+其它,I didnt clean the room yesterday.,一般疑问句：Did +主语+动词原形+其它,Did you clean the room yesterday?,Yes, I did. / No, I didnt.,常用时间,yesterday yesterday morning (

35、afternoon, evening) last night (week, month, year) (two days, a week, three years ) ago in 1990 (1998) in the past just now,标志词,It has been a long and tiring day today.,现在完成时：the Present Perfect Tense,It hasnt been a long and tiring day today.,Has it been a long and tiring day today?,Yes, it has./No, it hasnt.,肯定：主语+have/has + 动词过去分词,否定：主语+have/has not+ 动词过去分词,疑问：Have/Has+主语+动词过去分词？,现在完成时可用来表示： 1、过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响。,A: Mum, have you bought any garlic? B: Yes, I have. A: Where did you buy it? B: In the market, at the vegetable st