猜测词义ly1.ppt

1、Word-guessing skills in reading comprehension,welcome!,2008浙江高考英语考试说明,理解主旨要义 理解文中具体信息 根据上下文推测生词的词义 作出简单判断和推理 理解文章的基本结构 理解作者的意图和态度,For most people the sea was remote, and with the exception of early intercontinental travellers or others who earned a living from the sea, there was little reason to ask

2、 many questions about it , let alone to ask what lay beneath the surface.,intercontinental,continent,大陆，洲,inter-,Base word（词根） Prefix（前缀） Suffix（后缀）,-al,在之间,（形容词性）,大陆间的，洲际的 adj.,构词法(word formation) 根据根据前缀(prefix)、后缀(suffix)、复合(compounding)、派生(derivation)等构词知识判断生词的词义。,super- inter- micro- re- sub- co

3、- post- pre- trans- under- anti- mis- un/in/im/ir- dis- non- anti- sino-,超 在之间 极微小的 再，反复 分支的，底下 共同 后 前 超越；转换 在之下；低于； 反；防 误；恶 不；非 不 不；非 反；防 中国,-able -hood -ish -proof -scope -ship -some -wards -less,能的 状态；性质；时期 如的；有点儿的 防的； 不能穿透的 景 身份；资格；权力；性质 易于的 向 不；无,Everywhere we turn we find paper. Without it our

4、 modern world would come to a standstill. A. in the state of not moving B. of a person standing still C. of a person who is not moving D. standing without moving,1. A strict vegetarian is a person who never eats meat in his life. 2. It will be very hard but also very brittle- that is, it will break

5、easily. 3. The herdsman, who looks after sheep, earns about 650 yuan a year.,定义法(definition)：一般通过定义、定语从句、同位语短语或从句等来确定词义。有时通过 that is, that is to say, namely, in other words等来释义。,that is,who,who,易碎的 adj.,素食主义者 n.,牧羊人 n.,根据上下文(context clues),First of all the ingredients such as flour, sugar, fat and w

6、ater, are put into a mixing machine. The mixture comes out of the mixing machine in the form of dough (面团 ). a kind of food B. an element in a mixture to make a dish C. a biscuit D. dough(面团),例举法(examples)： 通过一些例子说明生词的词义， 用such as, for example, like, for instance等来引出。,You can take any of the periodi

7、cals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in Schools, or English Learning. A. dictionaries B. story-books C. magazines D. newspapers,The schools are reluctant to take time off-even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off. A. kind B. unwilling

8、C. free D. careless,标点暗示法(punctuation)：冒号(colon)，破折号(dash)，括号(parentheses)，进一步说明或解释,The new tax law supersedes, or replaces, the law that was in effect last year. A. supervise B. review C. take the place of D. start to enforce,replaces,synonym（同义词）,同义词或近义词(synonym)： or, as, like, just as, also, simi

9、larly等词则可以帮助构成意义上相似、成份上对应的比较关系。,Those new comers were not used to the life in the suburbs which was so different from that inside the city. A.town B. capital C. country D. house,the city,Antonym （反义词）,反义词(antonym)： unlike, in spite of, despite, but, however, while, instead, on the contrary, rather t

10、han, in contrast to/with, on the other hand.etc.,Tom is considered an autocratic administrator because he makes decisions without seeking the opinions of others.,因果关系(cause & result)： because, since, as, for, due to, so, therefore, sothat, suchthat, thus,独断专行的 adj.,because,Since you are my superior（

11、上级）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .（05上海卷） Afull of respect Btoo confident and rude Clacking in experience Dtoo shy and quiet,You wont believe this but as soon as I got home I crashed out for four hours. Then I had dinner and went back to bed, fearing the sound of the alarm

12、which would tell me to get ready for the second day of the sale. Chatted with her friends B. slept soundly C. broke down D. dined out,利用上下文提示信息 (related information),Grownups also have a sense of object permanence. We know that if we put a box in a room and lock the door, the box will still be there

13、 when we come back. But does a baby realize that a ball that rolls under a chair does not disappear and go to never-never land? （04北京夏，D） 69. In Paragraph 3, “object permanence” means that when out of sight, an object _. still exists B. keeps its shape C. still stays solid D. is beyond reach,When a

14、doctor performs an operation on a patient, he usually gives an anaesthetic to make him unconscious, because he does not want his patient to feel pain or to know what is happening to him. A. A kind of books B. A piece of advice C. A kind of medicine D. A kind of animals,常识和经验(common sense & experienc

15、e),Summary,构词法(word formation) 根据上下文 (context clues),1)定义法 (definition ) 2)例举法(examples) 3)标点暗示法(punctuation) 4)同义词或反义词 (synonym & antonym) 5)因果关系(cause & result) 6)利用上下文提示信息 (related information) 7)常识和经验 (common sense & experience),Assignment:,Finish the rest exercises. Go over what we have learned

16、 today.,1. The football player was penalized for his rudeness and the punishment was a good lesson for him.,penalize (v.)：punish,2. Green loves to talk, and his brothers are similarly loquacious.,loquacious (adj.): 健谈的,similarly,In a victory of green business that is certain to appeal to environmentally-aware music-lovers, a design student is to receive financial support to produce eco-friendly tents made of cardboard that can be recycled after the bands and the crowds have gone home.（07上海） “Eco-friendly tents” in paragraph 1 refer to tents _. economically desirable B. favora