2FSK2PSK信号产生器实验实验报告.doc

1、measures planned implementation of technical protection measures and security schemes, the problems should be promptly reported to the Manager. 37th: carbon supervisor leadership and head of the company should periodically check the anti-accident measures planned, security technology protection meas

2、ures planned in implementation of measures against accidents and guarantee schemes, security technology protection measures planned in implementation. Seventh article 38th of education and training: new factory (company) production staff (including internships, commissioned officer), must be approve

3、d by the factory (company), workshop and team level safety education upon passing the examination before entering production site. Tertiary-level education after card registration, by the companys production technology section recovery archive, and reported to the company trade unions, safety record

4、. Training and examinations including the safe work procedures as well as relevant safety regulations, work environment and jobs there are risk factors, preventive measures and emergency treatment, and so on. The 39th article: new producers must receive the following training and qualified posts: (a

5、) the operating personnel, scheduling, must pass through the field point, institutional learning, on-site training and classes practice; (B) the maintenance, including technical staff, must undergo maintenance, technical specifications for learning and class practice; (C) special operations personne

6、l, must pass the national professional training, after obtaining a special operations qualifications before they can post. 40th: on-the-job training of production personnel: (I) post production staff should regularly carry out targeted of technical questions and answers, an accident expected on site

7、 training and anti-accident; (B) from running post 1 month and above the main post on duty or leave transportation . Drive system and security studies, arranged by upper management or organization of the examination. The 42nd article: June of every year once regulatory and safety procedures of the c

8、ompany system of examinations, examination the failed again, still not eligible waiting list study. Article 43rd: every year in June the work ticket issuer, assignee, licensee of work training, after passing the examination, as a formal announcement are eligible to work as ticket issuer, head of ins

9、pection, work permits and the right to a separate high-pressure equipment list, and reported to the Management Department. Failing the exam may not serve as a two person, stop classes, examinations before they can post. 44th: for breach of discipline system caused the accident, a kind of disorder an

10、d attempted serious responsibility for the accident, in addition to the relevant provisions dealing with should also be tasked to learn about a point system, and after passing the exam, before they can post. Article 45th: units of the company using the security video, slide projector, television, co

11、mputer, multimedia, radio, Billboard, artifacts, photo exhibitions, as well as security knowledge exam, lectures, contests, and other forms of advocacy, popularize the knowledge of security technology, targeted, Visual training, enhancing workers safety awareness and self-protection ability. Article

12、 46th2FSK/2PSK实验报告姓名： 学号：地点：教师：（一）试验原理2FSK/2PSK信号产生器一2FSK基本原理在通信领域，为了传送信息，一般都将原始信号进行某种变换使其变成适合于通信传输的信号形式。在数字通信系统中，一般将原始信号（图像、声音等）经过量化编码变成二进制码流，称为基带信号。但数字基带信号一般不适合于直接传输，例如，通过公共电话网络传输数字信号时，由于电话网络带宽在4KHZ以下，因此数字信号不能直接在上面传输。此时可将数字信号进行调制后再进行传输，FSK即为一种常用的数字调制方式。FSK又称频移键控，它是利用载频频率的变化来传递数字信息。数字调频信号可以分为相位离散和相

13、位连续两种。若两个载频由不同的独立振荡器提供，它们之间的相位互不相关，就称为相位离散的数字调频信号；若两个频率由同一振荡器提供，只是对其中一个载频进行分频，这样产生的两个载频就是相位连续的数字调频信号。二2FSK信号产生器由于FSK为模拟信号，而FPGA只能产生数字信号，因此，需对正弦信号采样再经过数/模变换得到所需的FSK信号。FSK信号发生器框图如下图所示，整个系统共分为分频器，m序列产生器，跳变检测，正弦波信号发生器和DAC（数/模变换器）等五部分，其中前四部分由FPGA器件完成。图1 FSK信号发生器框图21 分频器本设计的数据速率为1.2kb/s，要求产生1.2kHz 和2.4kHz

14、两个正弦信号。对每个码元持续周期所对应正弦信号取100个采样点，因此要求能产生两个时钟信号：1.2kHz（数据速率）和120kHz（正弦波信号产生器输入时钟）。基准时钟由外部时钟输入，因此需设计一个模100分频器产生120kHz信号，再设计一个模100分频器产生1.2kHz信号。22 m序列产生器m序列是伪随机序列的一种，它的显著特点是：（1）随机特性；（2）预先可确定性；（3）循环特性，从而在通信领域得到了广泛的应用。本设计用一种带有两个反馈抽头的三级反馈移位寄存器得到一串“1110010”循环序列，并采取措施防止进入全“0”状态。通过更换时钟频率，可以方便地改变输入码元的速率。m序列产生器

15、的电路结构如图2所示。图2 “1110010” 伪随机m序列产生器23 跳变检测 将跳变检测引入正弦波的产生中，可以使每次基带码元上升沿或下降沿到来时，对应输出波形位于正弦波形的处。基带信号的跳变检测可以有很多方法，图3所示为一种便于在可编程逻辑器件中实现的方案。图3 信号跳变检测电路24 正弦信号的产生用数字电路和DAC变换器可以产生要求的模拟信号。根据抽样定理可知，当用模拟信号最大频率两倍以上的速率对该模拟信号采样时，便可将原模拟信号不失真地恢复出来。本设计要求得到的是两个不同频率的正弦信号，其频率正好呈倍数关系。设计中对1.2kHz的正弦波一个周期采样100个点，即采样速率为原正弦信号频

16、率的100倍。因此完全可以在接收端将原正弦信号不失真地恢复出来，从而可以在接收端对FSK信号正确地解调。本设计中每个采样点采用8位量化编码，即8位分辨率。采样点的个数与分辨率的大小主要取决于FPGA器件的容量，其中分辨率的高低还与DAC的位数有关。本设计中，数字基带信号与FSK调制信号的对应关系为：“0”对应1.2kHz，“1”对应2.4kHz。具体的正弦波信号产生器可以用查找表来实现。按前面的设计思想，本方案需要设计有100个单元的查找表，其中每个单元分别保存100个正弦波采样的对应样值。当码元由1变为0时，为了产生1.2kHz的正弦信号，只需要将查找表中的内容逐一读出即可，直到将查找表中所

17、有单元读取完毕，然后再从第一单元开始读取。这样，每个码元周期内将输出一个周期的正弦波信号。当码元由0变为1时，为了产生2.4kHz的正弦信号，就不能逐一读取所有单元了，而要每隔一个单元读取一个样值。这样，在每个码元周期内就会对整个查找表读取两次，即输出两个周期2.4kHz的正弦波信号。上面提到设计中要用到查找表，下面将介绍ALTERA器件中查找表的生成方法。在Quartus II软件中，按NEW按钮，将弹出NEW对话框，在该对话框中按下OTHER FILES按钮，在列表里选中MEMORY INITIALIZATION FILE，然后按OK按钮，即打开MIF文件编辑器，此时会出现对话框提示输入查

18、找表深度及每个单元的数据宽度信息，例如本设计中深度为100，宽度为8，设置完毕按OK进入MIF文件编辑器。在这里可以输入每个数据单元的值，本设计中要输入一个整周期内100个采样点的值，输入完毕以适当的文件名保存。完成上述的步骤仅仅是生成了产生查找表所需要的.MIF文件，而查找表要通过调用芯片内的RAM资源来生成，并将其例化成一个ROM元件，其具体过程不在此赘述。三、2FSK/2PSK信号产生器在2FSK的基础上，可以较容易地设计2PSK信号产生器。在检测到基带码元的上升沿或下降沿时，使输出波形相位跳变即可，即在跳变沿处修改查找表地址指针，使地址指针加“50”并对结果模100，得到的即是倒相后的

19、波形样值地址。设计要求可通过一个按键控制信号产生器输出2FSK或2PSK信号。2FSK/2PSK信号产生器的外部接口如图4所示：图4 2FSK/2PSK信号产生器的外部接口（二）功能仿真波形2FSK/2PSK的总体波形如下图5所示，其中CLOCK为正弦波发生器时钟MODE表示0：2FSK;1:2PSK，CLK120为用于产生一个1.2kHz的正弦波信号，CLK240为用于产生一个2.4kHz的正弦波信号，VALUE为正弦波的采样点峰值，M_MODE为输出m序列。图5下图6所示为产生的2FSK，可以明显地看到在M_MODE跳变前后VALUE的码元宽度相差一倍，实现了FSK的频率变化传递数字信息，

20、即120kHz表示信号“0”，240kHz表示信号“1”。图6下图7可以看出传递信号“1”的波形密度明显比传递信号“0”的波形密度高。图72PSK的信号传递频率从下图8中可以看出为240kHz，信号“1”和“0”的跳变是通过相位的改变来实现的。图8（三）VHDL代码LIBRARY IEEE;USE IEEE.STD_LOGIC_1164.all;USE IEEE.std_logic_unsigned.all;USE IEEE.std_logic_arith.all;ENTITY PSKFSK ISPORT(CLOCK:IN STD_LOGIC; -正弦波发生器时钟 MODE:IN STD_LO

21、GIC; -0：FSK;1:PSK CLK240: buffer STD_LOGIC; -用于产生一个2.4kHz的正弦波信号 CLK120: buffer STD_LOGIC; -用于产生一个1.2kHz的正弦波信号 VALUE: out std_logic_vector (7 DOWNTO 0); -正弦波的采样点峰值 M_CODE:BUFFER STD_LOGIC); -输出m序列END PSKFSK;ARCHITECTURE PSKFSK_ARCH OF PSKFSK IS SIGNAL COUNT100:INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 99; -记录100个状态 SIGNAL

22、COUNT50: INTEGER RANGE 0 TO 49; -记录50个状态 SIGNAL COUNT: INTEGER RANGE 1 TO 10; -记录10个状态，实现12M分频到240kHz得到CLK240时钟信号 SIGNAL SINCLK,CODERATE: STD_LOGIC; -正弦波信号的频率以及随机序列的编码速率 SIGNAL TEMP,JUMP_HIGH,JUMP_LOW: STD_LOGIC; -0，1跳变标志 SIGNAL M: std_logic_vector (2 DOWNTO 0); -m序列-BEGINPROCESS(CLOCK) -分频为240KHz的C

23、LK240信号 BEGIN IF (CLOCKEVENT AND CLOCK = 1) THEN IF (COUNT = 10) THEN COUNT=1; -计数满时计数回复初值 CLK240=NOT CLK240; -输出时钟翻转一次 ELSIF (COUNT=5) THEN COUNT=COUNT+1; CLK240 = NOT CLK240;-输出时钟翻转一次 ELSE COUNT=COUNT+1; END IF; END IF;END PROCESS;PROCESS(CLK240) -分频为120KHz的CLK120信号 BEGIN IF (CLK240EVENT AND CLK24

24、0 = 1) THEN CLK120=NOT CLK120; END IF;END PROCESS;PROCESS(CLK120) -LOAD_CLK1 100分频得到CODERATE码元速率1.2kHzBEGIN IF (CLK120EVENT AND CLK120= 1) THEN IF(COUNT50=49) THEN COUNT50=0; CODERATE=NOT CODERATE; ELSE COUNT50=COUNT50+1; END IF; END IF;END PROCESS;M_SEQUENCE_FORM: -产生1110010m序列PROCESS(CODERATE)BEGI

25、N IF(CODERATEEVENT AND CODERATE= 1) THEN M(0)=M(1); -实现移位功能 M(1)=M(2); END IF;END PROCESS;PROCESS(CODERATE)BEGIN IF(CODERATEEVENT AND CODERATE= 1) THEN M(2)=(M(1) XOR M(0) OR (NOT (M(0) OR M(1) OR M(2); -逻辑表达式跟上面的移位功能产生m的随机序列“1110010” END IF;END PROCESS;M_CODE=M(0);PROCESS(MODE,CLK240,CLK120,M_CODE)

26、BEGIN IF (MODE=0 AND M_CODE=0) THEN SINCLK=CLK120; ELSE SINCLK=CLK240; -选择正弦信号波产生器的时钟频率 END IF;END PROCESS;JUMP_HIGH=(NOT TEMP) AND M_CODE; -0到1跳变JUMP_LOW=(NOT M_CODE) AND TEMP; -1到0跳变PROCESS(SINCLK) -2FSK与2PSK对跳变的不同处理BEGIN IF(SINCLKEVENT AND SINCLK= 1) THEN TEMP=M_CODE; IF(COUNT100=99) OR (JUMP_HIG

27、H=1) THEN COUNT100=0; -波形输出 ELSIF(JUMP_LOW=1) AND (MODE=1) THEN COUNT100=50; ELSE COUNT100valuevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevalue

28、valuevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevaluevalueNULL; END

29、CASE;END PROCESS;END PSKFSK_ARCH;（四）实验总结在这个实验中，需要输入一个整周期内100个采样点的值，没有利用查找表的方法实现，而是直接在程序中输入100个采样点的值。2FSK/2PSK主要包括两部分2FSK信号发生器和2PSK信号发生器。2FSK信号发生器主要有分频器，m序列产生器，跳变检测，正弦信号发生器和DAC几个部分组成。2FSK的关键是通过判断信号跳变是来改变频率的变化，2PSK的关键是通过信号的跳变来改变相位的变化。regular issuance system of internal and external accident cases, org

30、anizational learning, analysis and discussion on a regular basis, and educate the persons concerned in a timely manner. 47th article: strengthening the safety of staff, establishing the concept of legalization of production safety, establish a people-oriented concept, three do no harm (dont hurt you

31、rself, no harm to others, not to be hurt). 48th eighth day routine: pre-shift and post-shift monitor organizations, safety assist. Before class: succession (started), combined with shift operation and tasks for better risk analysis, arranged security account considerations. After class: summarizing

32、comment on duty and the security situation, praise good deeds criticism ignored safety, illegal operations and other adverse phenomena, and completes the record. 49th: safety day event organized by the monitor, safety help, workshop leaders and checking activities. Classes (groups) or rotating a saf

33、ety day event a week, activities to learn more about the superior file and the spirit of the meeting, informed of the accident, analysis of the company, workshop and fewer security incidents, as well as the typical illegal team, analysis of operation environment, there may be a risk factor for the m

34、ain content. 50th: security analysis companies every quarter of a security analysis; shop at least once a month analysis, comprehensive analysis of production trends, sum up lessons learned from and the weakness in safety management, accident prevention measures in the study. Meeting was chaired by

35、enterprise security responsibility, concerning the participation of Heads of Department, workshop. Formation meeting and made public. 51st: security check for carbon companys periodic and non-periodic safety checks should be carried out. Periodic inspection includes fall and spring security checks, security checks should be combined with spring or autumn season characteristics and accident law . 52nd: security analysis companies should all be actively involved in the preparation of security advisories, bulletins, integrated security, analysis of accident law, dra