4级口语debate

1、Little Game,Figure Description,Little Game,Little Game,Figure Description,I. Little Game Find out who you are!,Instructions,A piece of paper with a famous figures name will be stuck on the back of everyone of you. Try to guess the name by asking other students for information.,Example:,On Student As

2、 back, the paper says the name Bill Gates. Student A then goes around in the classroom for the related information in the following ways:,A: Is this person a male or female? B: Male. A: Whats his nationality? B: American. A: Does he wear glasses? B: Yes.,A: Is he fat? B: Not that much. A: What are t

3、he other special features about him? B: Well, he is one of the most influential figures in the computer industry and, eventually, one of the richest person in the world.,A: Oh, is he Bill Gates? B: Yeah, you got it!,Note: You may ask more than one student! But you are NOT allowed to get the name by

4、directly asking: “Whats the name on the paper?” or “Who is the person on the paper of my back?”,Einstein n. 爱因斯坦(Albert 1879-1955,美籍德国犹太人,理论物理学家,创立相对论) German-born American theoretical physicist whose special and general theories of relativity revolutionized modern thought on the nature of space and

5、 time and formed a theoretical base for the exploitation of atomic energy. He won a 1921 Nobel Prize for his explanation of the photoelectric effect. 爱因斯坦，阿尔贝特：(1879-1955) 德裔美国理论物理学家，他创立的狭义和广义相对论使现代关于时间和时间性质的想法发生突破性进展并给原子能的利用提供了理论基础。 因其对光电效应的解释获1921年诺贝尔奖,Churchill British politician and writer. As p

6、rime minister (1940-1945 and 1951-1955) he led Great Britain through World War II. Churchill published several works, including The Second World War (1948-1953), and won the 1953 Nobel Prize for literature. 丘吉尔，温斯顿伦纳德斯宾塞：(1874-1965) 英国政治家和作家，作为首相(1940年到1945年和1951年到1955年）， 他领导英国度过了第二次世界大战。丘吉尔出版了许多著作，

7、包括第二次世界大战 （1948年到1953年），获得1953年诺贝尔文学奖,Zhou EnlaiZhou Enlai was born in Huaian, Jiangsu, on March 5, 1898. In 1917, he finished school in Nankai Middle School, and then went to France to learn Marxist theory. In 1922, he joined the Chinese Communist Party. After that, he was active in his work and di

8、rected the Party work in Shanghai.He led the famous uprising-Nanchang Uprising on August 1st, 1927. Then he took part in the Long March. From 1937 to 1945, he worked in South China.After the Peoples Republic of China was founded, he was elected Premierof China. He put all his heart into the work and

9、 always worked until midnight. He had no time to think about himself, but only the Chinese people.Premier Zhou died on January 8th, 1976. The whole nation was in deep sorrow at his death for he was loved by all the people. Our beloved Premier Zhou will always be alive in our Chinese peoples hearts.

10、He was a great Marxist and communist,阿诺德施瓦辛格 个人简介 名人姓名：阿诺德施瓦辛格（ARNOLD SCHWARZENEGGER ） 粤语译名：阿诺舒华辛迪加 出生日期：1947年7月30日 名人职业：演员、作家、导演、餐馆老板、州长、健美运动员 国籍：美国 奥地利 出生地：奥地利格拉茨的特尔村 现居：美国加州,阿诺德施瓦辛格(ARNOLDSCHWARZENEGGER)1947年7月30日出生在一个鲜为人知的村落：奥地利的特尔村。 壮志凌云的施瓦辛格幼年时有三个梦想：世界上最强壮的人；电影明星；成功的商人。 1966年，19岁的施瓦辛格获得了“欧洲先生”

11、的称号。此后，他几乎包揽了所有的世界级健美冠军，包括五次“宇宙先生”，一次“世界先生”，七次“奥林匹亚先生”，当之无愧的成为王中之王。1997年，国际健美联合会授予施瓦辛格“20世纪最优秀的健美运动员The World Sports Aerobics Championships athlete”金质勋章。 从1970年施瓦辛格拍摄大力神在纽约开始，至今已主演近20部动作片，几乎部部叫座，在全球影响极广。其中最大的商业成功是魔鬼终结者2，使他成为全球收入最高的演员。魔鬼终结者也成为好莱坞的经典形象之一。施瓦辛格的名字已成为动作片的代名词，也是票房的保证。更难得的是他为拓宽戏路还出演了几部喜剧片，

12、依然大获成功。这也是其他动作片明星所无法比拟的。于11月17日宣誓就任加利福尼亚州第38任州长。并于2006年11月7日在选举中击败了竞争对手、民主党人安热利代斯，连任加利福尼亚州州长Chief Executive。,姓名： 贝克汉姆(Beckham) 英文名:David Robert Joseph Beckham 全名：大卫罗伯特约瑟夫贝克汉姆 中文名：贝克汉姆 出生日期：1975年5月2日 出生地点：伦敦雷顿斯通 身高：1.83米 体重：75公斤 星座：constellation金牛座HalcyoneTaurus 血型：O型 头发：浅棕色 眼睛：绿色 衣服尺码：XL 鞋子尺码：UK9（相当

13、于我国的43码） 称号：“万人迷” lady killer 、“小贝”、“Becks”、“大卫”、“贝”、“碧咸”、“Dave” 场上位置：中场(右前卫)advance guard 球鞋赞助商：阿迪达斯 效力过的俱乐部：普雷斯顿北区1994/95，曼彻斯特联1995/03（24号；10号；7号），皇家马德里2003/07（23号），洛杉矶银河2007/9（23号） 现效力俱乐部：AC米兰2008/12/20（32号）,： 宋祖英 生于： 1966年8月1日中国湖南省古丈县 职业： 歌手 vocalist 生日：1966年8月1日 出生地：中国湖南省古丈县 民族：苗族 身高：168cm 曾演唱歌

14、曲有： 辣妹子 长大后我就成了你 等你来,II. Describe the person you see,Sample 1,He is a famous Hollywood star in the era of silent movie and brought laughter to millions. In most of his films, he is a man with the toothbrush moustache, bowler hat, bamboo cane, and a funny walk.,Sample 2,He was a famous Hollywood star

15、 in the era of silent movie and brought laughter to millions. He impressed the world with the image of a small trampoutfitted in tattered破烂的, baggy pants袋状的, 松垂的, a cutaway燕尾服coat and vest马甲, impossibly large, worn-out磨破的, 穿旧的shoes and a battered用旧了的,打扁了的hatbearing the inscription I AM HERE TODAY.,D

16、ebate,外来文化对民族文化的发展利大于弊还是弊大于利 Foreign culture is helpful /harmful to the development of the national culture,Useful expressions,traditional festivals Christmas and New Years Eve celebrations Valentines Day a lion or dragon dance are no longer interested in is being lost as a folk art form and cultura

17、l expression. Cultural expressions are being eroded(侵蚀，削弱，破坏) because of a variety of reasons,the new generations culture is identity moon abroad is bigger than at home are crazy about To construct a rich and prosperous country the incoming foreign culture could lead to lost of national identity amo

18、ng the youth affect our domestic economic and cultural development how foreign culture had enriched Chinese people life experiences,the foreign cultural invasion and the infiltration infiltrein渗透 of the foreign “soft force”. economic and cultural exchanges of various countries the development of the

19、 human civilization absorbs the nourishment of other cultures Its right to lay emphasis on our traditional festivals but its not proper to reject the foreign ones,How to Debate?,A debate is a form of argument As in other arguments there are two sides to any topic. The team that agrees with the topic

20、 is called the affirmative and the team that disagrees with the topic is called the negative. The affirmative team will speak first in the debate. It is important that the three speakers work together.,The team line is the basic statement of why the topic is true (for the affirmative) and why the to

21、pic is false (for the negative). A chairperson introduces the speakers, a time-keeper keeps time, and an adjudicator ：dju:dikeit评判员 announces which team won - and why.,The skills learnt through debating are many, and here are just a few:,the confidence to speak in public. the ability to present an a

22、rgument persuasively. the vision洞察力 to understand that there are two sides to most arguments. the respect for others, to let them have their say. the sense of timing, to prioritize your material and speak in a given time period. the structure to order your thoughts, to introduce, develop and summari

23、ze your points. the general and specific knowledge of many current affairs topics, learnt through research and debate. the flexibility to react quickly to new ideas, and to remain unflustered in crises.,The role of the speakers,1. 1st affirmative speaker must: Define解释 the topic. Present the affirma

24、tives team line. Begins arguments against the negative side, 2. 1st negative must: Accept or reject the definition. If you dont do this it is assumed that you accept the definition. Present the negative team line, Refutes rfjut反驳 some of the main points of the first affirmative speaker. Presents str

25、ong negative arguments (no weak ones),3. 2nd affirmative must: Reaffirm the affirmatives team line. Rebut all the remaining points of the negatives case. Present a summary of the affirmatives case. Round off the debate for the affirmative. 4. 2nd negative must: Reaffirm the negatives team line. Rebu

26、t all the remaining points of the affirmatives case. The 2nd negative should spend two thirds to three quarters of their time rebutting. Round off the debate for the negative. Each speaker has a particular role in the debate and must present specific information. The first affirmative speaker is the

27、 first person to speak and it the only speaker who may have a prepared speech. But this does not mean reading it from a paper. The other speakers must know their information thoroughly and answer their opponents arguments.,There are many techniques that each speaker can use in their speech but there

28、 are three main areas that you will be marked on. They are language, content and delivery. To bring the topic alive, you need to consider your delivery. Here are some tips and pointers:,Cue cards kju: Eye contact Voice Body language Refute arguments In a debate, effective refutations are key to succ

29、ess. Refutation should be handled systematically. Here are guidelines that you can follow: 1. Anticipate what your opponent will say.,2. Take careful notes of what your opponent says and note your reactions to what is said. 3. Find your opponents fallacies(谬误的推理) in arguments and attack on that basi

30、s. 4. Organize your arguments effectively.,Avoid fallacies谬论 in arguments,Making effective and logical arguments is the key to success in a debate. To make your arguments sound, you have to be careful about fallacies in reasoning. A summary of the typical fallacies is presented as follows. 1. Emotio

31、nal argument,Emotional arguments are based on feelings, not logic. For example, Listen! I love New Zealand. I love the All Blacks, the Tall Ferns. We should get down on our knees and thank the sporting gods for them”,2.Doubtful authority An argument supported by a person who is not accepted as an expert is considered ineffective. Here is on