Learning about language.ppt

1、Fill the word or expression for each of the following meanings from the text.,1 _ complete change in ways of thinking, working, etc 2 _ connected computer system 3 _ to make things easier,revolution,network,simplify,Learning about Laguage,Page 21,4 _ to find the answer using numbers 5 _can be moved

2、easily from place to place 6 _ to work out the answer to a problem 7 _to travel around an area to find out about it,calculate,mobile,solve,explore,8 _ completely 9 _ anyway 10 _ activity of managing money,totally,anyhow,finance,Complete the passage with the words below.,artificial technology intelli

3、gent applications explore Web reality logically,My brother was very interested in computers and enjoyed writing programs of his own. He used to download information from the Internet and made,good use of it. He liked to _ the World Wide _ and used the Internet to communicate with computer programmer

4、s all over the world. When he went to university he studied IT (information _)and developed a special in _,explore,Web,technology,artificial,intelligence. After developing special _of the computer, he hopes to design an _ robot which can think _ and look like human being, but in _ he was a long way

5、to go.,logically,applications,intelligent,reality,Grammar,The Present Perfect Passive Voice,Discovering useful structures,Page 21,3. Learning about passive voicean overview,4. Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voice The structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have

6、/ has beened,Learning about passive voicean overview,First as a PC (personal computer) and then as a laptop, I have been used in offices and homes since the 1970s. Over time my memory has developed so much that, like an elephant, I never forget anything I have been told! Since the 1970s many new app

7、lications have been found for me.,Answer key for exercise 1 on page 21,I have also been put into robots and used to make mobile phones as well as help with medical operations. I have even been put into space rockets and sent to explore the Moon and Mars.,has/have been done,现在完成时,被动语态,现在完成时的被动语态,现在完成

8、时的被动语态表示动作发生在过去, 到现在已经完成或对现在仍有影响。,现在完成时的被动语态,Understanding the structure of the present perfect passive voice The structure of the present perfect passive voice is: have / has beened,注意:,副词的位置 often, usually, always, never, hardly, seldom等副词置于have / has和been中间。如: 误 Such a man has been hardly believe

9、d. 正 Such a man has hardly been believed.,2. 并不是所有动词都有被动语态 1) happen, take place, break out, belong to, cost, last等不及物动词或词组无被动语态。如： 误 Great changes have been taken place in China since 1978. 正 Great changes have taken place in China since 1978.,2) open, break, drop等不强调动作发出者时常用主动语态。,3. 短语动词不可分割或省略其中的

10、介词或副词。如： The patients have been taken good care of.,4. 一些特殊动词, 如borrow, finish, begin, buy, start, return, marry, open, join等构成的现在完成时的被动语态不能与表示一段时间的状语连用。若要表达相应的意思， 则需改换动词或时态。如：,My brother has had (不能用has bought) this bike for almost four years. How long has this book been bought? How long ago was th

11、is book bought?,(1) 把主动语态的宾语变为被动语态的主语。 (2) 把谓语变成被动结构 (be过去分词) (根据被动语态句子里的主语的人称和数，以及原来主动语态句子中动词的时态来决定be的形式)。,主动语态变被动语态的方法,(3) 把主动语态中的主语放在介词by之后作宾语, 将主格改为宾格。例如： All the people laughed at him. He was laughed at by all people. They make the bikes in the factory. The bikes are made by them in the factory

12、.,(4) 双宾语动词变被动语态可将其中的一个宾语变为主语， 另一个保留不动。 主动：I have given him the key. 被动：He has been given the key. 被动：The key has been given (to) him.,(5) 带复合宾语的动词变被动语态时, 只能将宾语变为主语, 原来的宾补保留不动， 改称主语补足语。 主动：I have asked her to help you. 被动：She has been asked to help you.,1.现在完成时被动语态肯定句 主语+has/ have been +P.P.+.(P.P.=

13、动词的过去分词形式) Her motorbike has been stolen. 她的摩托车被盗了。 All the offices have been linked by computer. 所有的售票处由计算机联网工作。,2.现在完成时被动语态否定句 主语+has/ have +not+ been+ P.P.+. The task has not been finished yet. 任务尚未完成。 Many skilled workers have not been trained in the company. 这家公司并没有培养多少熟练工人。,3.现在完成时被动语态一般疑问句 句型

14、1Has he(she, it,单数名词)+been+P.P.+.? Has a new computer been bought? 买了一台新电脑吗? Have they been sent abroad to study Eng-lish? 他们已经被派往国外学英语了吗?,4.现在完成时被动语态特殊疑问句 疑问词+have (has)+主语+been+ P.P.+.? What has been bought by Tom? 汤姆已经买了什么东西? Who have been helped by the new computer?谁已经得到这种新计算机的帮助? How many build

15、ings have been built in this school? 这所学校已经建造了多少座大楼? Where has the car been repaired? 这辆小汽车已经在哪里修理好了?,Practice,Turn the following into the Passive Voice. 1. We have planted some trees around the lake. Some trees have been planted around the lake .,2. My father has locked the door. The door has been

16、locked. 3. Someone has turned off the light. The light has been turned off.,4. We will hold the Olympic Games in Beijing in the year 2008. The Olympic Games will be held in Beijing in the year 2008. 5. They have rebuilt the bridge. The bridge has been rebuilt.,试分析： 1) 误 Many new buildings been built

17、 since 2000,正 Many new buildings have been built since 2000,析 谓语部分结构不全,时态部 分不完整。,2) 误 Something bad has been happened to him,析 被动语态误用。happen为不及 物动词，不及物动词没有被动 语态。,正 Something bad has happened to him.,正 The door has opened of itself,析 有些动词如open, break, drop 等既可作及物动词，又可作不及物动词，若不强调谁是动作发出者，我们通常用主动语态。of i

18、tself意思是“自动地”。因此, 此句不可用被动语态。,3) 误 The door has been opened of itself,4) 误 I have introduced to Mr Li,析 introduce为及物动词, I 是introduce的承受者。,正 I have been introduced to Mr Li (by Mr Wang),Exercises,1.Both my brother work at the power station that _ in my hometown. A. has set up B. has been set up C. was

19、 set up D. is set up,2.-_ the sports meet will be put off. A. Ive been told B. Ive told C. Im told D. I told,3. All the preparation for the task _, and were ready to start. A. completed B. complete C. had been completed D. have been done,4. - How long _ at this job? - Since 1990. A. were you employe

20、d B. have you been employed C. had you been employed D. will you be employed,5.When and where to go for the on-salary holiday _ yet. A. are not decided B. have not been decided C. is not being decided D. has not been decided,6. Betty_ injured since last Saturday. A. has been B. was C. is D. has,7. T

21、hat book _into at least 20 foreign languages. A. has said to be translated B. has been said to have translated C. is said that it had been translated D. is said to have been translated,注:该句的句型是:It is said that/people (they) said that/that book is said to 根据句意是已经被译成了20 多种文字所以要用现在完成时的被动语态。,8. Hi, Tom,

22、 you look tired. - Of course. I _ the living room all day. A. had painted B. painted C. have been painted D. have been painting,9. -Did you move into the new house? - No. The rooms _ yet. A. were being painted B. are painting C. have not painted D. have not been painted,10. Great changes_ in my home

23、town and a lot of factories _. A. have been taken place; are being set up B. have taken place; have been set up C. are taken place; had been set up D. took place; will set up,11. Its said that this book_ into Chinese. A. had translated B. has translated C. was translated D. has been translated,12. Y

24、ou cant move in .The house _. A. is painting B. is being painted C. has painted D. has been painted,13. Millions of pounds worth of damage_ by a storm which swept across the north of England last night. A. has been caused B. had been caused C. will be caused D. will have been cause,14. Have you ever

25、_ to the exhibition which _for three weeks? A. gone; has been shown B. visited; shown C. been; has been on show D. went; lasted,15. -How long ago _ these eggs_? - Perhaps 15 days. A. will; hatch B. did; hatch C. were; hatched D. have; been hatched,改错,1. A personal computer has bought by us. A person

26、al computer has been bought by us. 2. Many problems has been found with our new computer. Many problems have been found with our new computer.,3. A PC has been builded the way we wanted. A PC has been built the way we wanted. 4. Our computer just has been joined to the internet. Our computer has jus

27、t been joined to the internet.,5. The computer was used every day since we bought it. The computer has been used every day since we bought it. 6. A lot of e-mails had written on the computer in the past 5 years. A lot of e-mails have been written on the computer in the past 5 years.,Put the Chinese

28、into English to complete the sentences. 1. You can see the house _ _ (未油漆) for years. 2. How many workers _ (已派遣) to build the railway?,has not been,painted,have been sent,3. Why does Mary look so unhappy? She _ (被嘲 笑) by her classmates. 4. It is said that the house _ _ (闯进了) by two thieves.,has bee

29、n laughed at,broken into,has been,5. _ his views _ (受 到批判) by them? 6. The two pens _ _ (未被拿走) by him. 7. Where _ the television _ _ (已经修理了) ?,Have,been criticized,have not been,taken away,has,been,repaired,8. The price of a color TV set _ _ (降价了) again. 9. What _ (已被 译成) into many foreign languages

30、?,been brought down,has,has been translated,A new personal computer has been bought by my friend. My computer has been repaired by the shop very quickly. My computer has just been attacked by an unknown virus. The problem has not been solved by us yet. The computers have been given away to a local school by the company. A kind of intelligent robot has been developed by