解决问题过程.ppt

1、Problem Solving Program解决问题过程,Purpose of this Course课程的目的,To provide teams with a structured method for examining problems and finding solutions 给小组一种结构化的方法，以检验问题和找出解决方案 To install a common language for problem-solving. Eliminate cultural and language barriers. 建立解决问题的共同语言，消除文化和语言差异 To introduce new

2、 tools and coordinate with existing tools 介绍新的工具，调整现有的工具 To improve interpersonal skills. 提高人际技巧 Improve quality of work life. 提高工作质量 Improve effectiveness 提高效率 Improve self confidence 提高自信,A Culture Change is Required需要改变的文化,The Rate of Change in Our World Requires SPEED in all that We do 我们高速的社会变化

3、需要我们时刻认识速度的重要性,Your Company 你的公司,Changes in Technology 技术的变化,Product introductions 产品介绍,Changes in Political Environment 政治环境中的变化,Changes in Customer Demands 客户需求的变化,“The Most Productive Enterprise on Earth”世界上最有生产力的企业,Purpose of the Problem-Solving Process解决问题过程的目的,Provide teams with a step-by-step

4、 approach for problem-solving, plus procedures for: 带领小组一步步解决问题，步骤如下： Uncovering root cause 发现问题的根本 Making decisions 进行决策 Planning and evaluating 计划和评估,General Learning Objectives学习的一般目标,Upon Completing This Program You Will Be Able to 课程结束后，你将能够： Know and apply the problem-solving process to a job-

5、related problem 知道并运用解决问题的步骤解决工作问题 Speak the common language when discussing or dealing with problem-solving 在讨论和解决问题时有共同的语言 Recognize, interpret, and demonstrate interactive behaviors to work effectively in a group 认识、说明、论证小组自之间的合作，使工作更有效 Perform roles of problem-solving process team members 在小组之间分

6、配解决问题过程中执行的角色 Select and apply new tools as well as tools you are presently using in the various steps of the problem-solving process. 在解决问题的过程的各个步骤选择和运用新的工具包括你目前正在使用的工具,Problem-Solving Process解决问题的过程,How this course was developed 课程产生的过程 Based on the well-known Xerox program 建立在著名的 A collection of

7、best practices in problem-solving 解决问题的最佳实例集锦 Specially designed to interrelate with tools and resources already in place at Your Company 结合工具和贵公司现有资源，量身定做,Interactive Behaviors合作方法,Value: Effective interactive behaviors 价值：有效的合作 Help Develop an open climate of trust. 有助于营造开放信任的气氛 Help build teams有助

8、于建立团队 Help us work together to reach consensus 有助于团结合作，达成一致 Improve communications促进沟通 Save time节省时间,Objective:目标 Learn the 8 interactive behaviors and be able to apply them to work effectively in a group. 学习8种合作方法，并将他们有效的运用到小组工作中,明确，选 择问题 1,分析问题 的根源 2,产生可能 解决方案 3,筛选/计划 解决方案 4,执行解 决方案 5,评估 结果 6,解决问题

9、程序,The Winds of Change变化的方向,What are your reactions to change? 你对变化的反应 How do you view this change? 你如何看待变化 What concerns do you have? 你的意见如何 How can we successfully manage change? 我们如何成功的管理变化,Step 1: Identifying and Selecting a Problem第一步：认识和选择问题,Heres what well be doing: 以下是我们要做的： Review tasks of

10、Step 1 and tools which may be used 回顾步骤1的任务，及可能用到的工具 Discuss problem statements 讨论问题陈述 Look at a teaching example 阅读教学案例 Attend first PSP meeting 参加第一个解决问题会议 Apply what we have learned to select a job-related problem 应用我们所学的知识选择一个与工作相关的问题,Step 1: Identifying and Selecting a Problem第一步：认识和选择问题,Heres

11、what well be doing: Review tasks of step 1 and tools which may be used Discuss problem statements Look at a teaching example Attend first PSP meeting Apply what we have learned to select a job-related problem,Step 1 tasks,DetermineTheme 确定主题 List 列出问题明细 Select 选择 Write 记录 Determine 决策,Determine/sele

12、ct an area of focus 决定和选择目标区域 Make a list of problems related to the Theme. Break into smaller, manageable problems 列出与主题相关的问题，细分至可控制的问题 Identify the most appropriate problem to work on. 确定最需要解决的问题 Clarify and write a problem statement 明确并写出问题陈述 Do we need to analyze for root cause? 我们需要分析根本原因吗,Firs

13、t Task: Determine the problem-Solving Theme第一项任务：确定解决问题的主题,Sources of Theme主题的来源 Management管理 Mission Statement陈述 Complaints or problems抱怨和问题 Group members小组成员 Goals目标 Criteria基本原则 Area where group has expertise or influence 小组专长或影响的领域 Complements job responsibilities 完成工作职责 Presents solvable proble

14、ms 提供可以解决的问题,Second Task: List problems related to Theme任务2：列出与主题相关的问题,Use a Structure Tree to Break Down Into Manageable Problems运用结构树的方法将管理问题细分问题 Ask Questions and Prioritize提问及排序 What has the problem什么会有问题的？ What are you having a problem with?你有什么问题 Can you be more specific?你可以更专业吗？ What do you m

15、ean by ?这对你以为着什么？ What is the problem?问题是什么？ What is actually happening?现实中发生的吗？ What bothers you about ?什么正困扰着你？ What do you mean by ?这对你意味着什么？ What specifically is wrong?典型的错误是什么？ What evidence do you have ?你存在的问题？,Third Task: Select One Problem第三项任务：选择一个问题,Select the problem to be addressed by th

16、e team (consider priority and selection criteria) 选择一个小组提出的问题（考虑优先性和选择的基本标准） Examples of Selection Criteria: 选择的标准范例： Simplicity how easily can we solve?简单我们解决它的难易度？ Speed How fast can we solve?速度我们解决它所用的时间 ROI What is the payback？ROI可能的回报？ Available resources Do we have whats needed to do this job?

17、 可利用资源完成这项工作需要的资源？ Control Is this problem under the influence of the group 控制这个问题受小组的影响吗？,Identify the problems which have the greatest impact on the Theme 选择一个对主题有最大影响的问题,Fourth Task: Clarify and Write a Problem Statement第四项任务：明确并写出问题陈述,Include “As Is” and “Desired State” Guidelines for problem st

18、atements 包括有关的“现状”和“目标”的问题陈述的概要 As specific as possible 越有针对性越好 Observable/Measurable 可观察/可测量 No Causes or Solutions 没有原因或解决方案 Sufficiently narrow in scope 范围足够窄,Create one clear statement of the problem 写出一个清晰的问题的陈述,Fifth Task: Determine If We need to analyze for Root Cause第五项任务：决定我们是否需要分析根本原因,Ask

19、Do we know why? 问我们知道为什么吗？ Go to Step 2 Analyze for Cause 到第二步分析原因 If the answer is : 如果答案是： We do not know why 我们不知道为什么？ We have some ideas about the cause(s) but are not sure 我们对原因有一些想法但不明确,Select a Problem to Solve Using Six Step PSP应用6步解决问题法选择要解决的问题,Team Effort小组努力 Contemporary Issue共同的意愿 Potent

20、ial for Payback潜在回报 Can Get Data得到数据 Within Our Control可控 Reasonable Time to Solve (3-4 month or less)合理的解决问题的时间,Do Step 1 Identify and Select Problem 第1步确定和选择目标,CRITERIA标准,Step 2 Analyzing the Problem for Cause第2步：为寻找原因而分析问题,Review Tasks of Step 2回顾步骤2的任务 Tool: Fishbone工具：鱼骨 Review data on possible

21、 causes考察可能理由的数据 Teaching example教学案例 Attend second and third PSP meetings and identify causes 加入第2次和第3次的解决问题会议并明确原因 Plan for data collection job-related problem 收集数据的计划与工作有关的问题,Heres What Well Be Doing:我们要做的是：,Step 2 Tasks第2项任务,Identify the data you need. Plan to collect it 确定你需要的数据，并制定收集计划 Obtain

22、as much relevant data as you can 尽可能获得合理的数据 Graphically display data 图表表示数据 Draw conclusions from displayed data to identify causes. Prove assumptions 从现实的数据中得出结论确定原因，证实原假定 Revise problem statement as required 按需要修改问题陈述,Determine 决定 Collect 收集d Display 展示 Identify 明确rds w Review 回顾,What do we want t

23、o know? 我们需要知道什么？ To understand/describe problem 去理解并描述问题 To help identify root cause 有助于明晰根本原因 Want questions will we ask? 我们需要问的问题？ How will we get the information 我们将如何得到这些信息,First Task:Determine Data to colect 第一项任务：确定要选择的数据,Heres what well be doing: 我们要做： Look at tools 阅读工具 Review teaching exam

24、ple 回顾教学案例 Attend PSP Meeting #4 generating Potential Solutions 参加解决问题第4次会议得出潜在解决方案,Step 3 Generating Soluations 步骤3得到解决方案,Step 3 Tasks步骤3任务,Make a list of solutions which may solve the problem列出可能的解决方案 Get a common understanding 建立共识 Identify requirements must meet. 明确必须满足的需求 Eliminate solutions wh

25、ich dont meet absolute requirements 删去不能满足绝对需求的解决方案 Reduce the list to a few workable solutions 精简可操作性方案,Generate 产生words Clarify 明确 Establish Absolute Requiremen 建立绝对需求ds rds Screen Reduce,Third Task: Establish Absuolute requirements第三项任务：建立绝对需求,Identify Requirements the Solution MUST Meet 明确解决方案必须

26、满足的需求 Requirements must be 需求必须是 Mandatory 强制性的 Realistic 现实的 Measurable 可测量的,Step 4: Selecting and Planning the Solution第4步：选择和计划解决方案Heres What Well be Doing我们要做,A. Selecting选择 Review tasks for selecting a solution 回顾任务以选择一个解决方案 Learn new tools to help us rate and select solutions 学习新的工具帮助评估和选择方案 R

27、eview the teaching example 回顾教学案例 Attend PSP Meeting #5 Select a solution for our case study 参加解决问题第5号方案为我们的案例选择一个解决方案 B. Planning计划 Review tasks for planning the solution 参考任务单，计划解决方案,Step 4B Tasks步骤4B 任务,Develop Criteria列出基本标准 Create 创建 Test and Modify 试验与修正 Establish Evaluation 建立评估 Strategies 战略

28、,List criteria for the plan 列出计划可能的基本标准 Build an implementation plan 建立一个执行计划 Look for things that might go wrong and determine how to deal with them 找出一个可能出错的情况，并决定如何解决 Create a plan for evaluation the solution 建立一个计划去评估此方案,Step 4A Tasks步骤4A任务,Establish Criteria 建立标准 Select 选择标准 Get 得出结论,List crite

29、ria for consideration in s Identify requirements must meet.明确必须满足的需求 Eliminate solutions which dont meet absolute requirements 删去不能满足绝对需求的方案 Reduce the list to a few workable solutions 精简可操作性方案,Second Task:Create the Plan任务2：建立计划,Plan should include: 计划应该包括 Process Control System/Tracking System 过程控

30、制系统/跟踪系统 Responsibilities identified责任划分 Statement of Tasks任务说明 Commitment Strategy战略保证 Contingency Plans应急计划 Communication/Information Transfer信息传递 A Method Of Evaluation评价方法,Third task:Test And modify plan任务3：试验与调整,Select Objective Person To Help选择目标人去帮助 Make Critical Review Of Plan:制定严格的计划检查 What problems could we have?可能的问题是什么