阅读理解专题--推理判断题new.ppt

1、,Reading Comprehension- Inference Questions,阅读理解专题-推理判断题,题目方式： 1. It can be inferred / concluded from the text that_. 2. The writer suggests / implies that _. 3. From the text we know that is most likely _. 4. When the writer talks about , what he really means is _. 5. What conclusion can be drawn f

2、rom the passage? 6. We can infer /conclude from the passage that _.,1. 推断隐含意义,2. 推断写作目的,4.推断文章出处,5.推断上下文内容,阅读推理判断题,3.推断作者观点或者态度,6.推断文中人物的个性特征,Question forms: It can be inferred from the text that . The writer suggests that . The story implies that .,1、如何判断隐含的意义,Techniques 1）不选择原文找不到根据的推理,不只凭常识 2) 不选

3、择照抄原文的选项 3）正确答案是对原文某句话或几句话的同义改写或综合。,Several different bison species have lived on the North American continent since the Ice Age; today only two exist. The wood bison is the larger of the two, and is now found mostly in western Canada. Better known in the United States is the Plains bison, or buffal

4、o. At one time, herds of these animals could be sighed almost everywhere from the Appalachian Mountains in the East to the Rocky Mountains in the West. The author implies that several types of bison_. A. live outside the United Stated and Canada B. are well adapted to swampy terrain C. existed befor

5、e the Ice Age D. have been killed or have died out,Just as crying can be healthy, not cryingholding back tears of anger, pain or sufferingcan be bad for physical(身体的) health. Studies have shown that too much control of emotions can lead to high blood pressure, heart problems and some other illnesses

6、. If you have a health problem, doctors will certainly not ask you to cry. But when you feel like crying, dont fight it. Its a naturaland healthyemotional response(反应). According to the author, which of the following statements is true? A. Crying is the best way to get help from others. B. Fighting

7、back tears may cause some health problems. C. We will never know our deep feelings unless we cry. D. We must cry if we want to reduce pressure.,Britain almost more than any other country in the world must face the problem of building upwards, that is to say, of accommodating a considerable proportio

8、n of its population in high blocks of flats. It is said that the Englishman objects to this type of existence, but if the case is such, he does in fact differ from the inhabitants of most countries of the world today.,1. We can infer from the passage that _. English people, like most people in other

9、 countries, dislike living in flats. B. People in most countries are not opposed to living in flats C. People in Britain are forced to move into high blocks of flats D. Modern flats fail to provide the necessary facilities for living.,Did you ever hear a strange sound coming from the wall? Did it so

10、und like a clock? If so, it may have been made by a beetle. Long ago people thought the ticking meant that someone was about to die. Thus the beetle is called the deathwatch beetle. 2. The sound of this beetle _. A. pleased people. B. surprised people. C. frightened people. D. excited people.,2、推断写作

11、目的,1.考察整篇文章的写作目的 1) The purpose of writing the whole passage is to _ 2)In writing the passage, the author intends to _,Technique 1）根据文章的主旨 2）根据文体推断写作目的,常见的文体与写作目的,narrative(记叙文)： to tell an interesting/unforgettable experience/story to introduce a person to tell a lesson/moral scientific research, n

12、ews report : (科普和新闻报道类） To show or inform sb of a new discovery/ a phenomenon argumentation(议论文） To support , prove or oppose a point of view To persuade others advertisement: to sell a product or a service; to attract more visitors / readers / audience to get more readers to subscribe（订购）,A young m

13、an from a village married a young woman from a nearby village. The family kept an elephant, in which the young woman took a great interest. Every day she fed it with fruit. Three months later the woman went back to her parents home, having quarreled with her husband. Soon the elephant refused to eat

14、 or work. It appeared to be ill and heart-broken. One day the animal disappeared. It went to the womans home. On seeing her, the elephant waved its trunk and touched her. She was so moved by it that she returned to her husbands home. 3. The writer wrote the story in order to_. A. show that elephants

15、 are very clever B. tell how a woman trained a wild animal C. show that women care more for animals than men do D. tell how an animal reunited a husband and wife,(2) The purpose of writing one detail (example, question) A. The writer cites the example ofto show that _. B. The writer uses the two que

16、stions at the beginning of the passage to _.,Technique 首段使用例子或问题： introduce the topic 2. 这个例子前面或后面一两句话往往是目的,“Have you ever been out on a boat and felt it lifted up by a wave? Or have you jumped in the water and felt the rush of energy as waves came over you?” asked Taylor of the Wave Energy Group at

17、 the University of Edinburgh. “There is certainly a lot of energy in waves,” he said. 4. The writer uses the two questions at the beginning of the passage to _. A. test the readers knowledge about waves B. draw the readers attention to the topic C. show Jamie Taylors importance D. invite the readers

18、 to answer them,When you are doing things actively, by being there, by having a heightened sense of alert, very positive things happen. For example, remember your last trip. Lets say youve been to Tokyo. For most non-Japanese the experience of being in the city is very impressive. Everything is huge

19、. Because the city is new for you, your brain switches in “possibly dangerous” mode. You notice much more, even tiny details.,5. An example of a trip to Tokyo is given to show _. the Japanese are one of the intelligent peoples travelling is positive but sometimes dangerous. positive things happen wh

20、ile people are travelling abroad. most non-Japanese are curious about Tokyo.,Question forms: The writers attitude toward is_. The writers tone is _. According to the author, _.,Techniques 注意作者描述该事物时，表示褒贬或带有感情色彩的词 1）形容词 2）副词 3）动词：有些动词也表明说话者的正负态度， 如： fail(未能)、ignore、overestimate 4) 所举例子,3、推断作者的观点和态度,C

21、ommon attitudes/tone of the author,客观： factual, objective (往往不以第一人称说明，或 只阐述别人的观点，常见于新闻、报道） 主观：subjective 消极： negative, disapproval, pessimistic, sarcastic（讽刺的）, ironic （讽刺的）, prejudiced（有偏见的，偏颇的）, critical（批评的） 积极: positive, approval, optimistic, supportive 中立: neutral, impartial（公正的） 其他: indifferen

22、t, compromising（折中）,The fridge is considered a necessity. It has been so since the 1960s. In my fridgeless childhood, I was fed well and healthily. The milkman came daily; the grocer and the ice-cream man delivered twice a week. The Sunday meat would last until Wednesday. Nothing was wasted, and we

23、were never troubled by rotten food. Thirty years on, food deliveries have ceased, fresh vegetables are almost unobtainable in the country. The fridge contributed comparatively little to food preservation. A vast way of well-tried techniques already existed-natural cooling, drying, smoking, salting.,

24、6. What is the authors overall attitude toward fridges? A. Neutral B. Critical C. Objective D. Compromising,7. The author appears _ modern advertising. to like B. to be indifferent to C. to dislike D. to know how to deal with,One of the most authoritative voices speaking to us today is, of course, t

25、he voice of the advertisers. It shouts at us from the television screen and the radio loudspeakers; waves to us from every page of the newspaper; signals to us from the roadside bill-boards all day and flashes to us in colored lights all night.,Why do people take part in such activities as bungee ju

26、mping? Some psychologists（心理学家）suggest that it is because life in modern societies has become safe and boring. Not very long ago, peoples lives were constantly in danger. They had to go out and hunt for food. Nowadays, according to many people, life offers little excitement. They live and work in sa

27、fe conditions; they buy food in shops; and there are doctors and hospitals to look after them if they become ill. 8. The writer has a _ attitude towards dangerous sports.A. positive（肯定的） B. negative（否定的） C. neutral （中立的）D. nervous,Question forms: The passage is most likely to be taken from_. The pas

28、sage is most likely a part of _. Where would this passage most probably appear?,4、推断文章出处,Technique 1). 文章的内容结构 2) The intended readers: “You” 3) Language: formal or informal; 有否专业词汇 4).Be familiar with the characteristics of different sources,newspaper: (2) magazine: (3) textbook: (4) scientific jou

29、rnal: (5) advertisement: (6) brochure/booklet : (7)Instruction:,1. An advertising brochure 2. a brochure on travelling,at the beginning of the passage: Date, place or news agencys name,the latest discovery/study,Instruction of how to take a pill or operate a machine,The language is informal,1.Formal

30、 2. 阅读指向学生,Appeal to the readers to buy a product,Michael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier-the shark. Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year.

31、She says she will look for a job which will give her the chance to enrich her experience of shark research.,9. The passage is most probably taken from _. A. a short-story collection B. a popular science magazine C. a research paper D. a personal diary,Do you always understand the directions on a bot

32、tle of medicine? Do you know what is meant by “Take only as directed?” Read the following directions and see if you understand them. To reduce pain, take two tablets(药片) with water, followed by one tablet every eight hours, as required. For night-time and early morning relief (缓解疼痛) take two tablets

33、 at bedtime. Do not take more than six tablets in twenty-four hours. For children six to twelve years old, give half the amount (量). For children under six years old, ask your doctors advice. Reduce the amount if you suffer from restlessness or sleeplessness after taking the medicine. This text is m

34、ost probably taken from a _. （2分钟） A. textbook B. newsreel C. doctors notebook D. bottle of medicine,Passage10 More than 30,000 drivers and front seat passengers are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year. At a speed of only 30 miles per hour it is the same as falling from a third floor window. We

35、aring a seat belt（安全带）saves lives; it reduces your chance of death or serious injury by more than half. Therefore drivers or front seat passengers over 14 in most vehicles must wear a seat belt. If you do not, you could be fined up to $ 50. It will not be up to the drivers to make sure you wear your

36、 belt. But it will be the drivers responsibility（责任）to make sure that children under 14 do not ride in the front unless they are wearing seat belt of some kind. However, you do not have to wear a seat belt if you are reversing（倒退）your vehicle or you are making a local delivery（发送）or collection using

37、 a special vehicle; or if you have a valid medical certificate which excuses you from wearing it. Make sure these circumstances（情形）apply to you before you decide not to wear your seat belt. Remember you may be taken to court for not doing so, and you may be fined if you cannot prove to the court tha

38、t you have been excused from wearing it. （3分钟） This text is taken from _. A. a medical magazine B. a police report C. an advertisement（广告）D. a government information booklet （小册子）,More than 30,000 are killed or seriously injured（受伤）each year.,you could be fined up to $ 50,Remember you may be taken t

39、o court you may be fined ,Techniques 1）推测下文的内容： 关注最后一段 文章思路(文章可按事件发展经过，因果关系、 对比关系描写）。 2）推测上文的内容： 关注第一段。,5推断上下文内容,Question forms: 1)The next paragraph will probably deal with _ 2)The paragraph preceding this one will discuss _.,When early humans hunted and gathered food, they were not in control of t

40、heir environment. When humans learned to make fire, however, they became capable of altering their environment. To provide themselves with fuel they stripped bark from trees, causing the trees to die. Clearings were burned in forests to provide a grazing area for the wild animals that humans fed upo

41、n. This development led to farming and the domestication of animals. Fire also provided the means for cooking plants which had previously been inedible. Only when the process of meeting the basic need for food reached a certain level was it possible for humans to follow other pursuits such as the founding of cities. 10. The paragraph following this passage would most likely be about _. A. fire B. hunting C. farming D. urbanization,Questions form