2009-2010(2)实用英语写作.ppt

1、2020/8/2,1,2009-2010(2)实用英语写作,Speakers Personal Data: Name: Cao Luman / 曹路漫 Home Address: Nanyang City Office Address: Room 101 Office Telephone: 63513722 E-mail: ,2020/8/2,2,Todays Topics,1. 课程介绍 四六级考试评分标准及应对措施 研究生考试评分标准及应对措施 英语写作基本要求,2020/8/2,3,1. 课程介绍,一、课程名称：实用英语写作 Practical English Writing 课程负责人

2、：曹路漫 二、学时与学分：32学时 2学分 三、课程类别：全校提高课程学生 四、开课单位：外国语学院 五、课程的主要内容：写作格式、思想组织、篇章结构、文 章体裁、整篇作文。重点教授英语写作的基础内容，使 学生掌握好措词，学会正确使用标点。另外，学生还要 掌握句子、段落、提纲方面的最基本的写作理论与技 巧，写出主题较为明确、内容较为完善、语言较为通顺、 格式符合要求的文章。 六、课程的基本教学要求：把握中英文语言文化表现中的 同，掌握、了解新知识、新信息，有利于学生增强创新 与创作意识、培养实践能力，做到学以致用。,2020/8/2,4,2.四六级考试评分标准,作文分值占整卷的15% ，以15

3、分为例 2分条理不清，思路紊乱，语言支离破碎或大部分句 子均有错误，且多数为严重错误。 5分基本切题。表达思想不清楚，连贯性差。有较多的严重语言错误。 8分基本切题。有些地方表达思想不够清楚，文字勉强连贯；语言错误相当多，其中有一些是严重错误。 11分切题。表达思想清楚，文字连贯，但有少量语言错误。 14分切题。表达思想清楚，文字通顺，连贯性好。基本上无语言错误，仅有个别小错。(注: 白卷, 作文与题目毫不相关, 或只有几个孤立的词而无法表达思想,则给0分。),2020/8/2,5,四、六级评分差异,在逻辑分析问题形成的原因时，也就是文章的中间主题段落，四级考生只要用基本的句型表达清楚就可以了

4、。而六级的要求则普遍偏高。考生必须从表层浅显，甚至时司空见惯的社会生活现象挖掘出深层的本质原因。 从思维高度上，如果说六级要求高。那么在表达的方式上，六级使用的句子长度和难度都比较高。比如在范文四中最长的句子可以高达46个单词。而在四级中则没有这种复杂多变的句子。还有一个问题需要提醒考生，六级作文明显体现出从句多，层次关系复杂。,2020/8/2,6,Example,Part Writing (30 minutes) Directions: For this part, you are allowed thirty minutes to write a composition on the t

5、opic Harmfulness of Fake Commodities. You should write at least 100 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below: 1. 目前社会上有不少假冒伪劣商品(fake commodities)。为什么会有这种现象? 2. 举例说明假冒伪劣商品对消费者个人、社会等的危害。,2020/8/2,7,Model 1 （146 W） Each individual encounters such troubles as si

6、ckness and discomfort situations in his or her development. Similarly, each society is inevitably harmfully impacted by immoral or even illegal economic activities in the process of its evolvement. The most notorious and harmful among these despicable actives are fake commodities. Fake commodities,

7、like a virus that intrudes and cripples an organism, exert alarmingly detrimental influences on each individual consumer, the community, and the social mores as well. They directly hurt the consumers by providing products that are priced highly but inferior in quality. Sometimes such products as fak

8、ed medicine or foods can threaten consumers life, needless to mention consumers economic loss. The more fake commodities a society has, the more exacerbated the moral and ethic in that society. What the society must immediately address is to minimize the quantity of any fake commodities and eradicat

9、e any opportunity to manufacture them.,2020/8/2,8,Model 2 （204） Economic boom should bring people a more comfortable and convenient life. Ironically, the more commodities available in a society whose economic fabric is not woven by legal and moral warp and woof , the less and less security the avera

10、ge consumers can have. In fact, even today the public is still jeopardized by fake commodities that flood almost each developing country. Fake commodities directly harm the average individual consumers in a series of ways. First they are usually inferior in quality and thus cannot meet consumers end

11、s. Take a fake watch as an example, it is sold at the same price as is the genuine one but seldom can it give time precisely. Secondly, they might threaten consumers health and life in case of fake foods, medicine, and beverages. Some patients are seriously endangered by taking fake medicines. Some

12、even lose their life immediately after eating fake soybean sauces and vinegar. The society as a whole is also detrimentally infected by fake commodities as far as the moral and ethic is concerned. Then, how to address this serious problem? Most vital is to legally penalize those who manufacture and

13、trade fake products. Second is to educate people how to tell the facts and fiction.,2020/8/2,9,Model 3（） The society has hundreds and thousands of fake commodities. They are almost everywhere. They are in daily life, hospital, supermarkets, and so on. Why do we have these fake commodities? This ques

14、tion has not only attracted the interests from the scientists but also from the general public. Generally three reasons have been given to explain this phenomenon. First of all, fake commodities are usually profitable. They are lower in cost and of course, in quality, but are high in price. Secondly

15、, the society often finds it hard to help consumers to tell fake ones from the genuine goods. Third, legal restrictions against fake commodities are not work at all or work with lower efficiency. Fake commodities do harm to the human life. They can damage the life or ruin ones happiness, depending o

16、n what kind of fake commodities consumers have bought. They can also damage the society as a whole if the fake commodities are not restricted by governments or other agencies. Fake medicines are a typical example. Today, even in the field of academic, fake papers are not uncommon. All these fake com

17、modities exert negative impacts on human civilization.,2020/8/2,10,Model 4（） Fake commodities seem to flood into each corner of daily life. Worse they even stream into academic institutions evidenced by the fact that some professors plagiarize papers. We have fake clothes with brand name. We have fa

18、ke medicines which are openly sold in hospitals. We also have some fake computers and TV sets. In one word, fake commodities are almost everywhere. Then we naturally ask: Why do fake commodities flow into the supermarkets? The flood is so overwhelming that both the sociologists and the general publi

19、c have to dig the root reasons. On the basis of scientific research and survey, scholars discover that among the diverse array of contributing factors, the major one is that the society in which the fake commodities are flooding is usually short of an effective legal system to control or guide the m

20、arkets. Another reason, similarly vital, states that the social and economic order is maintained by, to a considerable extent, ethic and moral. But the moral and value system becomes fragile when subject to a market characterized and dominated by the cold cash. Economic models have been put forward

21、to provide theories to account fro why fake commodities can negative influence a society to such an extent. Of courses many other reasons also play their roles. The harmful impacts exerted by fake commodities on the social and economic development can be alarmingly destructive. Not only can they dir

22、ectly harm the consumers benefits and rights but also they collapse a civilization provided that the government has no effective measures to address this problem.,2020/8/2,11,3.研究生英语考试,考研英语作文部分由A、B两节组成，考查考生的书面表达能力。总分30分。 一、考研作文A节 (1)命题形式 考生根据所给情景写出一篇约100词(标点符号不计算在内)的应用性短文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等。考生在答题卡

23、2上作答。满分10分。 (2)特点 一般给出作文内容要点，要求考生围绕内容要点提示构建文章主体内容；以书信形式为主，可能涉及求职信、辞职信、建议信、道歉信、投诉信、邀请信和感谢信等具体类型。 (3)总体应对策略 注意格式要求，表意明确即可，避免复杂华丽的文采修饰。,2020/8/2,12,二、考研作文B节 (1)命题形式 考生根据提示信息写出一篇160200词的短文(标点符号不计算在内)。提示信息的形式有主题句、写作提纲、规定情景、图、表等。考生在答题卡2上作答。满分20分。 (2)特点 在选题上，通常贴近生活，一方面是带有哲理性的永恒话题；另一方面是目前人们最为关注的问题，亦即当前热门话题。

24、但总体上讲，所涉及的写作内容均属大多数考生所熟悉之话题，因而便于取材，具有一定的可写性。具体说来，主要涉及教育、职业道德、身体健康、家庭关系、环境保护、人口增长以及文化交流等话题。就体裁而言，以论说文为主，因为这类体裁形式在实际学习、工作和生活中使用的频率较高。就具体的命题形式而言，可分为：主题句作文、标题作文、提纲作文、图画(表)作文、规定情景式作文等。 (3)总体应对策略 课下注意关注相关重点话题；全面掌握不同命题形式下的论说文之写作模式及步骤。,2020/8/2,13,（B节）研究生英语短文考试评分标准,硕士研究生入学英语考试的最后一题是短文写作，根据国家教委公布的全国硕士研究生入学考试

25、英语大纲的规定，考生应能写不同类型的应用文，包括私人和公务信函、备忘录、摘要、报告等，还应能写一般描述性、叙述性、说明或议论性的文章。 短文写作时，考生应能： 1）做到语法、拼写、标点正确，用词恰当； 2）遵循文章的特定文体格式； 3）合理组织文章结构，使其内容统一、连贯； 4）根据写作目的和特定读者，恰当选用语言。 英语短文写作要求考生在40分钟内完成不少于200词的英语短文（不包括试题中所给出的短文开头的第一句话），短文必须根据考试题目和提纲所规定的范围来写。近年来作文的分数由15分提到了20分，更加突显了写作能力的重要性。,2020/8/2,14,作为阅卷老师，评定短文写作的成绩，首先看

26、内容是否切题，是否符合题意的要求，然后看语言表达是否清楚、连贯、正确，语言基本功是否扎实，根据内容、文字、句子和用词，采用通篇分档计分，计分标准如下： 2017分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达清楚，文字连贯；句式有变化，句子结构和用词正确。文章长度符合要求。 1613分：内容切题，包括提纲的全部要点；表达比较清楚，文字基本连贯；句式有一定变化，句子结构和用词无重大错误。文章长度符合要求。 1210分：内容切题，基本包括提纲的要点；表达基本清楚；句子结构和用词有少量错误。文章长度符合要求。 95分：内容基本切题，基本包括提纲的要点；语句可以理解，但有较多的句子结构和用词错误。文章长度基本符合要求。 41分：基本按题写作，但只有少数句子可以理解。 0分：文不切题，语句混乱，无法理解。,2020/8/2,15,此外，作文的字数也有规定，要求不少于200字，长度的具体计分标准分析： 151160词：扣1分 141150词：扣2.5分 131140词：扣4分 121130词：扣6分 111120词：扣8分 101110词：扣10分 100词以下：扣12分,2020/8/2,16,“差作文”,1）不通顺，无段落，无结构，无明显主题； 2）笑料多，出现很多基本语法错误，拼写错误； 3）不达意，词汇量很小，词不达意，缺乏英语表达能力； 4）乱堆砌，不